Sympathetic Activity in Patients With Panic Disorder at Rest, Under Laboratory Mental Stress, and During Panic Attacks
Abstract
Background The sympathetic nervous system has long been believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of panic disorder, but studies to date, most using peripheral venous catecholamine measurements, have yielded conflicting and equivocal results. We tested sympathetic nervous function in patients with panic disorder by using more sensitive methods. Methods Sympathetic nervous and adrenal medullary function was measured by using direct nerve recording (clinical microneurography) and whole-body and cardiac catecholamine kinetics in 13 patients with panic disorder as defined by the DSM-IV, and 14 healthy control subjects. Measurements were made at rest, during laboratory stress (forced mental arithmetic), and, for 4 patients, during panic attacks occurring spontaneously in the laboratory setting. Results Muscle sympathetic activity, arterial plasma concentration of norepinephrine, and the total and cardiac norepinephrine spillover rates to plasma were similar in patients and control subjects at rest, as was whole-body epinephrine secretion. Epinephrine spillover from the heart was elevated in patients with panic disorder (P=.01). Responses to laboratory mental stress were almost identical in patient and control groups. During panic attacks, there were marked increases in epinephrine secretion and large increases in the sympathetic activity in muscle in 2 patients but smaller changes in the total norepinephrine spillover to plasma. Conclusions Whole-body and regional sympathetic ne…
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Patients with documented panic disorders have normal resting MSNA levels.
“Importantly, patients with documented panic disorders have normal resting MSNA levels,39 an observation that argues against a panic disorder underlying the hyperadrenergic state in our HyperPOTS patients.”
From Hyperadrenergic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: Clinical Biomarkers and Response to Guanfacine (2024) · cites this paper as [39]
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Self-citationMelatonin as a Potential Approach to Anxiety Treatment
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- Authors
- Wilkinson, D. J. C., Thompson, J. M., Lambert, G. W., Jennings, G. L., Schwarz, R. G., Jefferys, D., Turner, A. G., & Esler, M. D.
- Affiliations
- The Alfred Hospital (AU)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1998-06-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 511
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2147306819
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 16.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- panic disorder, sympathetic nervous system, panic attacks, psychological stress, epinephrine secretion, norepinephrine spillover, cardiac sympathetic activity, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, adrenal medulla, microneurography
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Medulla, Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, Epinephrine, Female, Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscles, Myocardium, Norepinephrine, Personality Inventory, Radioisotope Dilution Technique, Stress, Psychological, Sympathetic Nervous System, Panic Disorder
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