The variability of muscle nerve sympathetic activity in resting recumbent man
Open accessAbstract
1. Pulse synchronous bursts of multi‐unit sympathetic activity was recorded from median or peroneal muscle nerve fascicles in fourteen subjects resting in the recumbent position. The neural activity was quantitated in terms of burst incidence, i.e. the number of bursts in the mean voltage neurogram/100 heart beats, during successive rest periods of 2‐4 min. 2. For each individual the burst incidence was fairly constant between different rest periods but the mean burst incidence varied widely between individuals, the range being from less than 10 to more than 90 bursts/100 heart beats. 3. Simultaneous double nerve recordings were made on one subject from median and peroneal nerves and on eight subjects from the two peroneal nerves. There was always close similarity between the two records in such experiments regardless of which muscles the nerve fascicles innervated. When analysed separately the difference in burst incidence between the two sides ranged from 0·7 to 5·1 bursts/100 heart beats. The findings suggest that sympathetic neurones destined to skeletal muscles are subjected to a homogenous central drive and that contributions to the activity from ganglionic or segmental sources are of lesser importance. 4. On seven subjects repeated recordings at rest were made with intervals of 3 weeks—21 months between recordings. In each subject mean burst incidences were similar in all recordings (range of differences 0·5‐11·2 bursts/100 heart beats) suggesting an individually constant level of sympathetic activity in muscle nerves. 5. For each individual the variability of burst amplitudes in the mean voltage neurogram was described by burst amplitude spectra. Most subjects had a relatively larger proportion of small than high amplitude bursts, but there was a tendency for more even amplitude distributions in subjects with high burst incidence. The finding may be an indication of interindividual differences in the average number of impulses/burst. 6. It is concluded that the multi‐unit recording technique can be used for comparisons of the level of muscle nerve ‘sympathetic tone’ between different subjects.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Efferent multiunit, postganglionic MSNA was measured directly using standard microneurographic techniques.
“Efferent multiunit, postganglionic MSNA was measured directly using standard microneurographic techniques, as previously described (44).”
From Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1, yohimbine, and nitrergic modulation on sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in humans (2008) · cites this paper as [44]
In a controlled environment, MSNA is very stable within subjects, even over several weeks to months.
“However, in a controlled environment, MSNA is very stable within subjects, even over several weeks to months (13, 44).”
From Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1, yohimbine, and nitrergic modulation on sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in humans (2008) · cites this paper as [44]
Neural activity was expressed both per minute and per 100 cardiac beats because there is a complex relationship between heart rate and sympathetic discharge frequency, and the latter expression avoids interference by the length of the cardiac cycle.
“Neural activity was expressed both per min and per 100 cardiac beats as it is understood that there is a complex relationship between heart rate and sympathetic discharge frequency, and the latter expression avoids any interference by the length of the cardiac cycle (24).”
From Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: relation to peripheral sympathetic drive (2001) · cites this paper as [24]
The four groups had similar heart rate levels, minimizing its effect on sympathetic nerve activity.
“Furthermore, the 4 groups had similar heart rate levels, thus minimizing its effect on sympathetic nerve activity.26”
From Sympathetic Neural Activation in Nondiabetic Metabolic Syndrome and Its Further Augmentation by Hypertension (2004) · cites this paper as [26]
Cites
General Characteristics of Sympathetic Activity in Human Muscle Nerves
Delius, W., Hagbarth, K. ‐., Hongell, A., & Wallin, B. G. (1972) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1972.tb05157.x · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneral Characteristics of Sympathetic Activity in Human Skin Nerves
Hagbarth, K. E., Hallin, R. G., Hongell, A., Torebjörk, H. E., & Wallin, B. G. (1972) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1972.tb05167.x · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Self-citationStudies on sympathetic B and C neurons and patterns of preganglionic innervation
Nishi, S., Soeda, H., & KOKETSU, K. (1965) · Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.1030660103 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Characterization of two ganglion cell populations in avian ciliary ganglia
Marwitt, R., Pilar, G., & Weakly, J. N. (1971) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90441-0 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Comparison of Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects
Wallin, B. G., Delius, W., & Hagbarth, K. E. (1973) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.33.1.9 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationSingle Unit Sympathetic Activity in Human Skin Nerves during Rest and Various Manoeuvres
Hallin, R. G., & Torebjörk, H. E. (1974) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05749.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Human Muscle Nerve Sympathetic Activity in Cardiac Arrhythmias
Wallin, B. G., Delius, W., & Sundlöf, G. (1974) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365517409049883 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationAdrenergic and Cholinergic Nerve Terminals in Skeletal Muscle Vessels1
Bolme, P., & Fuxé, K. (1970) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04638.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIATION IN sB AND sC NEURONS OF TOAD SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA
Honma, S. (1970) · The Japanese Journal of Physiology · doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.20.281 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effect of Bed Rest on Resting Calf Blood Flow of Healthy Adult Males
BROWSE, N. L. (1962) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5294.1721 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
[Spontaneous rhythmical fluctuations of muscular circulation in man].
Golenhofen, K., & Hilderbrandt, G. (1957) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea.
Somers, V. K., Dyken, M. E., Clary, M. P., & Abboud, F. M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118235 · Cited by 2,527 · see citing works
Anderson, E. A., Sinkey, C. A., Lawton, W. J., & Mark, A. L. (1989) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.14.2.177 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Human muscle nerve sympathetic activity at rest. Relationship to blood pressure and age
Sundlöf, G., & Wallin, B. G. (1978) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012170 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Self-citationMinson, C. T., Halliwill, J. R., Young, T. M., & Joyner, M. J. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.8.862 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
How to assess sympathetic activity in humans
Grassi, G., & Esler, M. (1999) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199917060-00001 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Hart, E. C., Charkoudian, N., Wallin, B. G., Curry, T. B., Eisenach, J. H., & Joyner, M. J. (2009) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.126391 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationHart, E. C., Charkoudian, N., Wallin, B. G., Curry, T. B., Eisenach, J., & Joyner, M. J. (2011) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.212753 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Self-citationPlasma noradrenaline correlates to sympathetic muscle nerve activity in normotensive man
WALLIN, B. G., SUNDLÖF, G., ERIKSSON, B., DOMINIAK, P., GROBECKER, H., & LINDBLAD, L. E. (1981) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1981.tb06706.x · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Sympathetic Neural Mechanisms in Hypertension
Huggett, R. J., Scott, E. M., Gilbey, S. G., Stoker, J. B., Mackintosh, A. F., & Mary, D. A. S. G. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000103123.66264.fe · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Wallin, B. G., Esler, M., Dorward, P., Eisenhofer, G., Ferrier, C., Westerman, R., & Jennings, G. (1992) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019217 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Peripheral Sympathetic Neural Activity in Conscious Humans
Wallin, B. G., & Fagius, J. (1988) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.50.030188.003025 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationCharkoudian, N., Joyner, M. J., Johnson, C. P., Eisenach, J. H., Dietz, N. M., & Wallin, B. G. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.090076 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationDepressed Baroreflex Sensitivity in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Carlson, J. T., Hedner, J. A., Sellgren, J., Elam, M., & Wallin, B. G. (1996) · American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912770 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationOgawa, Y., Kanbayashi, T., Saito, Y., Takahashi, Y., Kitajima, T., Takahashi, K., Hishikawa, Y., & Shimizu, T. (2003) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.8.986 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Fagius, J., & Wallin, B. G. (1993) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf01826234 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationRelationship between central sympathetic activity and stages of human hypertension
Smith, P. (2004) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2003.10.010 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Wilkinson, D. J. C., Thompson, J. M., Lambert, G. W., Jennings, G. L., Schwarz, R. G., Jefferys, D., Turner, A. G., & Esler, M. D. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.6.511 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Huggett, R. J., Burns, J., Mackintosh, A. F., & Mary, D. A. S. G. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000147893.08533.d8 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Wallin, B. G., & Charkoudian, N. (2007) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.20831 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationTransdermal Estrogen Replacement Therapy Decreases Sympathetic Activity in Postmenopausal Women
Vongpatanasin, W., Tuncel, M., Mansour, Y., Arbique, D., & Victor, R. G. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.24.2903 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Human muscle sympathetic neural and haemodynamic responses to tilt following spaceflight
Levine, B. D., Pawelczyk, J. A., Ertl, A. C., Cox, J. F., Zuckerman, J. H., Diedrich, A., Biaggioni, I., Ray, C. A., Smith, M. L., Iwase, S., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2001.012575 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Okada, Y., Galbreath, M. M., Shibata, S., Jarvis, S. S., VanGundy, T. B., Meier, R. L., Vongpatanasin, W., Levine, B. D., & Fu, Q. (2012) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.176560 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Single-Unit Sympathetic Discharge: Quantitative Assessment in Human Hypertensive Disease
Greenwood, J. P., Stoker, J. B., & Mary, D. A. S. G. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.12.1305 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Vestibulo‐Sympathetic Responses
Yates, B. J., Bolton, P. S., & Macefield, V. G. (2014) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c130041 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: relation to peripheral sympathetic drive
Greenwood, J. P., Scott, E. M., Stoker, J. B., & Mary, D. A. S. G. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01600-x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Sympathetic neural mechanisms in white-coat hypertension
Smith, P. A., Graham, L. N., Mackintosh, A. F., Stoker, J. B., & Mary, D. A. S. G. (2002) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01931-9 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Charkoudian, N., Joyner, M. J., Sokolnicki, L. A., Johnson, C. P., Eisenach, J. H., Dietz, N. M., Curry, T. B., & Wallin, B. G. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.104075 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationFairfax, S. T., Padilla, J., Vianna, L. C., Davis, M. J., & Fadel, P. J. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00842.2012 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Sympathetic Activity and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Young Women Taking Oral Contraceptives
Minson, C. T., Halliwill, J. R., Young, T. M., & Joyner, M. J. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.13.1473 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Burns, J., Sivananthan, M. U., Ball, S. G., Mackintosh, A. F., Mary, D. A. S. G., & Greenwood, J. P. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.668863 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Gunnar Wallin, B., & Nerhed, C. (1982) · Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System · doi:10.1016/0165-1838(82)90002-9 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Fairfax, S. T., Holwerda, S. W., Credeur, D. P., Zuidema, M. Y., Medley, J. H., Dyke II, P. C., Wray, D. W., Davis, M. J., & Fadel, P. J. (2013) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.250894 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Bharucha, A. E., Charkoudian, N., Andrews, C. N., Camilleri, M., Sletten, D., Zinsmeister, A. R., & Low, P. A. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00153.2008 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Postmenopausal Estrogen Administration Suppresses Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity<sup>1</sup>
Weitz, G., Elam, M., Born, J., Fehm, H. L., & Dodt, C. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.1.7138 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Sympathetic outflow to muscles during treatment of hypertension with metoprolol
Wallin, B. G., Sundlöf, G., Strömgren, E., & Aberg, H. (1984) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.6.4.557 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationCasey, D. P., Curry, T. B., Joyner, M. J., Charkoudian, N., & Hart, E. C. (2011) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.164517 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Farr, J. N., Charkoudian, N., Barnes, J. N., Monroe, D. G., McCready, L. K., Atkinson, E. J., Amin, S., Melton, L. J., Joyner, M. J., & Khosla, S. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2381 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Grassi, G., Turri, C., DellʼOro, R., Stella, M. L., Bolla, G. B., & Mancia, G. (1998) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199816120-00012 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Muenter Swift, N., Charkoudian, N., Dotson, R. M., Suarez, G. A., & Low, P. A. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01243.2004 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Epigenetic Modification of the Norepinephrine Transporter Gene in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Bayles, R., KN, H., Lambert, E., Baker, E. K., Agrotis, A., Guo, L., Jowett, J. B. M., Esler, M., Lambert, G., & El-Osta, A. (2012) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.111.244343 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Kimmerly, D. S., O'Leary, D. D., & Shoemaker, J. K. (2004) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2004.06.005 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
ANDERSSON, B., WALLIN, G., HEDNER, T., AHLBERG, A., & ANDERSSON, O. K. (1988) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17685.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Wehrwein, E. A., Joyner, M. J., Hart, E. C. J., Wallin, B. G., Karlsson, T., & Charkoudian, N. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.141739 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationBAROREFLEX‐GOVERNED SYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW TO MUSCLE VASCULATURE IS INCREASED IN HYPOTHYROIDISM
FAGIUS, J., WESTERMARK, K., & KARLSSON, A. (1990) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00481.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sundlöf, G., & Wallin, B. G.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1977-11
- Volume
- 272
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 383-397
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC1353564
- OpenAlex
- W1984113974
- Cited by
- 442
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 4.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- multi-unit recording, median nerve, peroneal nerve, interindividual variability, skeletal muscle innervation
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Adult, Humans, Middle Aged, Muscles, Neural Conduction, Peroneal Nerve, Posture, Rest, Sympathetic Nervous System
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
