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Cited by 173Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Research TopicsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

First Onset of Depressive or Anxiety Disorders Predicted by the Longitudinal Course of Internalizing Symptoms and Parent-Adolescent Disagreements

Rueter, Martha A., Scaramella, Laura, Wallace, Lora Ebert, Conger, Rand D.·1999·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.56.8.726
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that anxiety and depressive disorder onset may involve a prodromal buildup of symptoms. Also, stressful life events may precipitate gradual symptom increase, leading to the development of full-blown disorders. This study used prospective longitudinal data to examine the theory that, over time, stressful events, such as parent-adolescent disagreements, influence the longitudinal course of adolescents' internalizing symptoms, which in turn predict first onset of a depressive or anxiety disorder. METHODS: A community sample of 303 families with an adolescent aged 12 or 13 years in year 1 provided repeated measures of parent-adolescent disagreements and adolescents' internalizing symptoms over 3 and 4 years, respectively. At age 19 or 20 years, the adolescents were assessed for anxiety and depressive disorders using structured interviews based on DSM-III-R criteria. The hypothesized associations were estimated using latent growth curve modeling procedures. RESULTS: Year 1 parent-adolescent disagreements predicted year 1 adolescents' internalizing symptoms, and changes in disagreements from year 1 to year 3 predicted changes in internalizing symptoms from year 1 to year 4. Both the year 1 level and changes in symptoms predicted internalizing disorder onset in years 4 through 7, and both the year 1 level and changes in disagreements indirectly predicted disorder onset. CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescents, persistent or escalating stressful events, such as disagreements with parents, indirectly increase the risk for internalizing disorder onset through their direct association with high or increasing symptom levels. Chronically high or increasing symptom levels directly increase risk for internalizing disorder.

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  • In a recent longitudinal study, depressive symptoms over 4 years increased the risk for internalising disorder, with parent-child disagreements exerting their effects indirectly by increasing the level of depressive symptoms over time.

    “In a recent longitudinal study, depressive symptoms longitudinal study, depressive symptoms over 4 years increased the risk for inter-over 4 years increased the risk for internalising disorder, with parent±child dis-nalising disorder, with parent±child disagreements exerting their effects indirectly agreements exerting their effects indirectly by increasing the level of depressive by increasing”

    From Recent life events, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and the onset of major depression in high-risk adolescents (2000) · cites this paper as Rueter et al, 1999

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Authors
Rueter, M. A., Scaramella, L., Wallace, L. E., & Conger, R. D.
Affiliations
Iowa State University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1999-08-01
Volume
56
Issue
8
Pages
726
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.56.8.726
OpenAlex
W2046469052
Cited by
173
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
FWCI
5.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (MH19734, MH00567, R01MH043270, MH 43270, K05MH000567)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, internalizing problems, family stress, prodromal symptoms, adolescent mental health, life events, latent growth curve models
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

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