Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: what changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults?
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Background: Little is known about changes in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders between childhood and adolescence, and adolescence and adulthood. Methods: We reviewed papers reporting prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders separately for childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Both longitudinal and cross‐sectional papers published in the past 15 years were included. Results: About one adolescent in five has a psychiatric disorder. From childhood to adolescence there is an increase in rates of depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and substance use disorders (SUD), and a decrease in separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). From adolescence to early adulthood there is a further increase in panic disorder, agoraphobia, and SUD, and a further decrease in SAD and ADHD. Other phobias and disruptive behavior disorders also fall. Conclusions: Further study of changes in rates of disorder across developmental stages could inform etiological research and guide interventions.
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Depression and anxiety increase during emerging adulthood compared to other developmental age periods.
“In fact, these emotional problems increase during emerging adulthood compared to other developmental age periods (Costello et al., 2011).”
From Examining the Prospective Associations Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use in Emerging Adulthood. (2021) · cites this paper as Costello et al., 2011
The Discussion (page not provided) says depression and some anxiety disorders—panic disorder and agoraphobia—begin increasing in adolescence and continue into early adulthood. But the Results (page not provided) report mixed findings for depression during the transition to adulthood, while several other anxiety disorders decrease. The paper therefore does not support a general increase in depression and anxiety in emerging adulthood compared with other developmental periods. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Longitudinal dimensionality of adolescent psychopathology: testing the differentiation hypothesis
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- Authors
- Costello, E. J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-08-04
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1015-1025
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- PMC
- PMC3204367
- OpenAlex
- W2123879472
- Cited by
- 864
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH083964)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA024413, U01DA024413, U01 DA024413 R01, R01DA011301, R01DA022308)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- psychopathology, developmental changes, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, substance use disorders, separation anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, phobia, disruptive behavior disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Humans, Psychopathology
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