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Cited by 146Stress Responses and CortisolChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentTreatment of Major Depression

Psychoendocrine antecedents of persistent first-episode major depression in adolescents: a community-based longitudinal enquiry

GOODYER, I. M., HERBERT, J., TAMPLIN, A.·2003·Psychological Medicine
DOI 10.1017/s0033291702007286
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Abstract

Background. This longitudinal study investigated whether patterns of cortisol and DHEA that precede the onset of an episode of major depression influence time to recovery in a community ascertained sample of adolescents meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depression. Method. Sixty adolescents aged 12 to 16 at high risk for psychiatric disorders were followed for 24 months. At 12 months, 30 had experienced an episode of major depression and 30 had not. The second follow-up repeated the psychiatric evaluations with all participants completing the Kiddie-SADS Schedule for Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders. Hormone characteristics and self-reports completed at entry (the Mood and Feelings questionnaire and the Ruminations scale) together with intervening undesirable life events in the 12 months prior to onset, were used to determine the best pattern of psychosocial and endocrine features to predict persistent major depression. Results. Compared to the never depressed (N=30) and remitted adolescents (N=19), persistently depressed cases (N=11) had a raised morning cortisol/DHEA ratio at entry. Only persistent cases had higher levels of self-reported depressive symptoms and ruminations at entry compared to never depressed. There was no difference in exposure to undesirable life events before onset of disorder between remitted and persistent groups. Logistic regression techniques showed that only the cortisol/DHEA ratio predicted persistence. Conclusions. In community adolescents at high risk for psychiatric disorder persistent major depression may be distinguished from sporadic forms by the 08.00 h salivary cortisol/DHEA ratio prior to onset.

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  • Most longitudinal studies were conducted with children at risk due to subclinical signs of depression, raising the possibility that observed cortisol differences before MDD onset reflected an already underway disease process.

    “However, most longitudinal studies were conducted with children who were “at-risk” due to the presence of subclinical signs of depression, raising the possibility that the observed cortisol differences prior to MDD onset may have reflected the disease process already underway (see for example Goodyer et al., 2003, 2000a, 2000b).”

    From Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation in depressed children and adolescents: A meta-analysis (2009) · cites this paper as Goodyer et al., 2003

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Authors
GOODYER, I. M., HERBERT, J., & TAMPLIN, A.
Affiliations
University of Cambridge (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2003-05
Volume
33
Issue
4
Pages
601-610
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
DOI
10.1017/s0033291702007286
OpenAlex
W2096829505
Cited by
146
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
FWCI
3.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 12 d)
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
major depressive disorder, adolescents, dysthymia, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, cortisol/DHEA ratio, salivary biomarkers, psychosocial risk factors, rumination, depressive symptoms, life events, depression onset, remission prediction
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adolescent Psychiatry, Child, Circadian Rhythm, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Saliva, Biomarkers

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