Cited by 673Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and ResearchCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Confirmed Prediabetic Individuals: Does the Clock for Coronary Heart Disease Start Ticking Before the Onset of Clinical Diabetes?

Haffner, Steven M.·1990·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.1990.03440210043030

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although type II diabetes is associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications, duration of diabetes and severity of glycemia are strongly associated only with the former. Since prediabetic individuals are hyperinsulinemic, and since hyperinsulinemia may be a cardiovascular risk factor, we hypothesized that prediabetic individuals might have an atherogenic pattern of risk factors even before the onset of clinical diabetes, thereby explaining the relative lack of an association of macrovascular complications with either glycemic severity or disease duration. We documented the cardiovascular risk factor status of 614 initially nondiabetic Mexican Americans who later participated in an 8-year follow-up of the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Individuals who were nondiabetic at the time of baseline examination, but who subsequently developed type II diabetes (ie, confirmed prediabetic subjects, n = 43), had higher levels of total and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose and insulin, 2-hour glucose, body mass index, and blood pressure, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than subjects who remained nondiabetic (n = 571). Most of these differences persisted after adjustment for obesity and/or level of glycemia, but were abolished after adjustment for fasting insulin concentration. When subjects with impaired glucose tolerance at baseline (n = 106) were eliminated, the more atherogenic pattern of cardiovascular risk factors was still evident (and statistically significant) among initially normoglycemic prediabetic subjects. These results indicate that prediabetic subjects have an atherogenic pattern of risk factors (possibly caused by obesity, hyperglycemia, and especially hyperinsulinemia), which may be present for many years and may contribute to the risk of macrovascular disease as much as the duration of clinical diabetes itself. (JAMA. 1990;263:2893-2898)

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.1990.03440210043030

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.

Sorted by citations

Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic
Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G. M. M., & Shaw, J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/414782a · Cited by 5,883
Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.11.3160 · Cited by 3,784
Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Miller, M., Stone, N. J., Ballantyne, C., Bittner, V., Criqui, M. H., Ginsberg, H. N., Goldberg, A. C., Howard, W. J., Jacobson, M. S., Kris-Etherton, P. M., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182160726 · Cited by 1,871
Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity
Sinha, R., Fisch, G., Teague, B., Tamborlane, W. V., Banyas, B., Allen, K., Savoye, M., Rieger, V., Taksali, S., Barbetta, G., et al. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012578 · Cited by 1,709
Acarbose Treatment and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The STOP-NIDDM Trial
Chiasson, J.-L., Josse, R. G., Gomis, R., Hanefeld, M., Karasik, A., Laakso, M., & for The STOP-NIDDM Trial Research Group (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.4.486 · Cited by 1,624
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association
Grundy, S. M., Benjamin, I. J., Burke, G. L., Chait, A., Eckel, R. H., Howard, B. V., Mitch, W., Smith, S. C., & Sowers, J. R. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.10.1134 · Cited by 2,698
Is Oxidative Stress the Pathogenic Mechanism Underlying Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease? The Common Soil Hypothesis Revisited
Ceriello, A., & Motz, E. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000122852.22604.78 · Cited by 1,378
Adipokines: molecular links between obesity and atheroslcerosis
Lau, D., Dhillon, B., Yan, H., Szmitko, P. E., & Verma, S. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01058.2004 · Cited by 953
Pravastatin and the Development of Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence for a Protective Treatment Effect in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study
Freeman, D. J., Norrie, J., Sattar, N., Neely, R. D. G., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., Isles, C., Lorimer, A. R., Macfarlane, P. W., McKillop, J. H., et al. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.3.357 · Cited by 844
Metabolic Syndrome: Connecting and Reconciling Cardiovascular and Diabetes Worlds
Grundy, S. M. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.046 · Cited by 686
Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Arterial Stiffness Indexes
Salomaa, V. V., Riley, W. A., Kark, J. D., Nardo, C. J., & Folsom, A. R. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.5.1432 · Cited by 580
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis: Implications for Insulin-Sensitizing Agents
Di Pino, A., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00141 · Cited by 535
Arterial stiffness in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: a pathway to cardiovascular disease
Stehouwer, C. D. A., Henry, R. M. A., & Ferreira, I. (2008) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0918-3 · Cited by 560
Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle aged British men
Perry, I. J., Wannamethee, S. G., Walker, M. K., Thomson, A. G., Whincup, P. H., & Shaper, A. G. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6979.560 · Cited by 532
The metabolic syndrome: is this diagnosis necessary?1,2
Reaven, G. M. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1237 · Cited by 523
Adipose Tissue Macrophages Promote Myelopoiesis and Monocytosis in Obesity
Nagareddy, P. R., Kraakman, M. J., Masters, S. L., Stirzaker, R. A., Gorman, D. J., Grant, R. W., Dragoljevic, D., Hong, E. S., Abdel‐Latif, A., Smyth, S. S., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.029 · Cited by 530
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.
Blonde, L., Umpierrez, G. E., Reddy, S. S., McGill, J. B., Berga, S. L., Bush, M., Chandrasekaran, S., DeFronzo, R. A., Einhorn, D., Galindo, R. J., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002 · Cited by 507
Insulin-Resistant Prediabetic Subjects Have More Atherogenic Risk Factors Than Insulin-Sensitive Prediabetic Subjects
Haffner, S. M., Mykkänen, L., Festa, A., Burke, J. P., & Stern, M. P. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.9.975 · Cited by 455
Self-citation
High-Density Lipoprotein Modulates Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Drew, B. G., Duffy, S. J., Formosa, M. F., Natoli, A. K., Henstridge, D. C., Penfold, S. A., Thomas, W. G., Mukhamedova, N., de Courten, B., Forbes, J. M., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.843219 · Cited by 443
Angiotensin II inhibits insulin signaling in aortic smooth muscle cells at multiple levels. A potential role for serine phosphorylation in insulin/angiotensin II crosstalk.
Folli, F. B., Kahn, C. R., Hansen, H. F., Bouchie, J. L., & Feener, E. P. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119752 · Cited by 421
Diabetes Dyslipidemia
Schofield, J. D., Liu, Y., Rao‐Balakrishna, P., Malik, R. A., & Soran, H. (2016) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0167-x · Cited by 447
Relationship between plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and insulin resistance
Bastard, J., Pi�roni, L., & Hainque, B. (2000) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/1520-7560(200005/06)16:3 · Cited by 148
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: Genetic and epigenetic links
De Rosa, S., Arcidiacono, B., Chiefari, E., Brunetti, A., Indolfi, C., & Foti, D. P. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00002 · Cited by 369
Admission blood glucose level as risk indicator of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
Stranders, I., Diamant, M., van Gelder, R. E., Spruijt, H. J., Twisk, J. W. R., Heine, R. J., & Visser, F. C. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.9.982 · Cited by 353
Coronary atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus
Goraya, T., Leibson, C. L., Palumbo, P. J., Weston, S. A., Killian, J. M., Pfeifer, E. A., Jacobsen, S. J., Frye, R. L., & Roger, V. L. (2002) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02065-x · Cited by 353
Increased blood–brain barrier permeability and altered tight junctions in experimental diabetes in the rat: contribution of hyperglycaemia and matrix metalloproteinases
Hawkins, B. T., Lundeen, T. F., Norwood, K., Brooks, H. L., & Egleton, R. D. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0485-z · Cited by 348
Effect of Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, and Intra-abdominal Adiposity on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus
Rader, D. J. (2007) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.01.003 · Cited by 345
Intensive Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin on Inflammation and Coagulation in Participants With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1566 · Cited by 333
Hypertriglyceridemic HyperapoB: The Unappreciated Atherogenic Dyslipoproteinemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sniderman, A. D., Scantlebury, T., & Cianflone, K. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-6-200109180-00014 · Cited by 331
Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Death From Stroke
Tuomilehto, J., Rastenytė, D., Jousilahti, P., Sarti, C., & Vartiainen, E. A. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.2.210 · Cited by 321
Assessment and Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk in Prediabetes: Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose
DeFronzo, R. A., & Abdul‐Ghani, M. A. (2011) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.013 · Cited by 324
Insulin resistance is a cardiovascular risk factor in humans
Adeva‐Andany, M. M., Martínez‐Rodríguez, J., González-Lucán, M., Fernández‐Fernández, C., & Castro-Quintela, E. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.02.023 · Cited by 322
Dyslipidaemia
Durrington, P. N. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14234-1 · Cited by 316
The emerging role of HDL in glucose metabolism
Drew, B. G., Rye, K.-A., Duffy, S. J., Barter, P., & Kingwell, B. A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.235 · Cited by 307
Pathophysiological implications of insulin resistance on vascular endothelial function
Wheatcroft, S. B., Williams, I. L., Shah, A. M., & Kearney, M. T. (2003) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00869.x · Cited by 316
Insulin resistance and risk for stroke
Kernan, W. N., Inzucchi, S. E., Viscoli, C. M., Brass, L. M., Bravata, D. M., & Horwitz, R. I. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.6.809 · Cited by 280
Genetic Risk Scores for Diabetes Diagnosis and Precision Medicine
Udler, M. S., McCarthy, M. I., Florez, J. C., & Mahajan, A. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2019-00088 · Cited by 302
Relation of Glycohemoglobin and Adiposity to Atherosclerosis in Youth
McGill, H. C., McMahan, C. A., Malcom, G. T., Oalmann, M. C., & Strong, J. P. (1995) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.15.4.431 · Cited by 296
Diabetes and atherosclerosis: is there a role for hyperglycemia?
Chait, A., & Bornfeldt, K. (2008) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r800059-jlr200 · Cited by 298
Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Brannick, B., & Dagogo-Jack, S. (2018) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.001 · Cited by 293
Vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus
Feener, E. P., & King, G. L. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)90022-2 · Cited by 287
Dietary Fat Consumption and Health
Lichtenstein, A. H., Kennedy, E., Barrier, P., Danford, D. E., Ernst, N. D., Grundy, S. M., Leveille, G. A., Horn, L. V., Williams, C. L., & Booth, S. L. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01728.x · Cited by 289
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes
Eckel, R. H., Kahn, R., Robertson, R. M., & Rizza, R. A. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.176583 · Cited by 286
Prevalence of coronary artery disease in Asian Indians
Enas, E. A., Yusuf, S., & Mehta, J. L. (1992) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(92)90744-j · Cited by 285
Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome
Wang, H. H., Lee, D. K., Liu, M., Portincasa, P., & Wang, D. Q. ‐. (2020) · Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition · doi:10.5223/pghn.2020.23.3.189 · Cited by 309
Coronary heart disease in individuals with spinal cord injury: assessment of risk factors
Bauman, W. A., & Spungen, A. M. (2008) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3102161 · Cited by 281
Insulin resistance, inflammation, and the prediabetic state
Haffner, S. M. (2003) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00612-x · Cited by 270
Self-citation
The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: how sweet it is … or is it?
Nathan, D. M., Meigs, J. B., & Singer, D. E. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)90021-0 · Cited by 264
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Prediabetic Subjects in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
Festa, A., Williams, K., Hanley, A. J., Otvos, J. D., Goff, D. C., Wagenknecht, L. E., & Haffner, S. M. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.512079 · Cited by 260
Self-citation
Impact of glucose-lowering drugs on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
Ferrannini, E., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239 · Cited by 265
Persistent Elevation of Plasma Insulin Levels Is Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Children and Young Adults
Bao, W., Srinivasan, S. R., & Berenson, G. S. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.1.54 · Cited by 256
Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance
Hua, Y., Clark, S., Ren, J. T., & Sreejayan, N. (2012) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.11.001 · Cited by 263
Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Després, J., & Marette, A. (1999) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-716-1_4 · Cited by 254
Asian Americans Have Greater Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Despite Lower Body Mass Index
Palaniappan, L., Wong, E. C., Shin, J. J., Fortmann, S., & Lauderdale, D. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.152 · Cited by 236
Etiology of the Metabolic Syndrome: Potential Role of Insulin Resistance, Leptin Resistance, and Other Players
Zimmet, P., Boyko, E. J., Collier, G. R., & de Courten, M. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07783.x · Cited by 234
Inflammation in the Prediabetic State Is Related to Increased Insulin Resistance Rather Than Decreased Insulin Secretion
Festa, A., Hanley, A. J., Tracy, R. P., D’Agostino, R., & Haffner, S. M. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000091339.70120.53 · Cited by 235
Self-citation
Metabolic Changes in Persons After Spinal Cord Injury
Bauman, W. A., & Spungen, A. M. (2000) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30150-5 · Cited by 231
Insulin Resistance Implications for Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease
Haffner, S. M., & Miettinen, H. (1997) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00027-2 · Cited by 227
Self-citation
Screening Adults for Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Norris, S. L., Kansagara, D. L., Bougatsos, C., & Fu, R. F. (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00008 · Cited by 226
Epidemiology of Diabetes
Winer, N., & Sowers, J. R. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/0091270004263017 · Cited by 231
Impaired glucose metabolism predicts mortality after a myocardial infarction
Bolk, J. H., van der Ploeg, T., Cornel, J. H., Arnold, A. E. R., Sepers, J. M., & Umans, V. A. W. M. (2001) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(01)00422-3 · Cited by 215
Associations between plant-based dietary patterns and risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, Y., Liu, B., Han, H., Hu, Y., Zhu, L., Rimm, E. B., Hu, F. B., & Sun, Q. (2023) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-023-00877-2 · Cited by 220
The role and function of HDL in patients with diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk
Femlak, M., Gluba-Brzózka, A., Ciałkowska-Rysz, A. D., & Rysz, J. (2017) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0594-3 · Cited by 226
Preventing Type 2 diabetes and the dysmetabolic syndrome in the real world: a realistic view
Zimmet, P., Shaw, J. E., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (2003) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01052.x · Cited by 208
Cardiovascular disease risk factors as predictors of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in elderly subjects
Mykkänen, L., Kuusisto, J., Pyörälà, K., & Laakso, M. (1993) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf02743273 · Cited by 205
Metabolic risks identified by the combination of enlarged waist and elevated triacylglycerol concentration
Kahn, H. S., & Valdez, R. A. (2003) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.5.928 · Cited by 203
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes: emerging epidemics and their cardiovascular implications
Mensah, G. A., Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Narayan, K. M. V., Giles, W. H., Vinicor, F., & DEEDWANIA, P. C. (2004) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2004.06.005 · Cited by 203
Validation of the Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) questionnaire for screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, dysglycaemia and the metabolic syndrome in Greece
Makrilakis, K., Liatis, S., Grammatikou, S., Perrea, D., Stathi, C., Tsiligros, P., & Katsilambros, N. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.09.006 · Cited by 199
The Importance of Hyperglycemia in the Nonfasting State to the Development of Cardiovascular Disease
Haffner, S. M. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.19.5.0343 · Cited by 193
Self-citation
Diagnosis, prevention, and intervention for the metabolic syndrome
SCOTT, C. L. (2003) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00507-1 · Cited by 193
PPARγ and Atherosclerosis
Hsueh, W. A., & Law, R. E. (2001) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/hq1201.100261 · Cited by 191
Type II diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in Caucasian children and adolescents with obesity living in Germany
Wabitsch, M., Hauner, H., Hertrampf, M., Muche, R., Hay, B., Mayer, H. G., Kratzer, W., Debatin, K.-M., & Heinze, E. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802555 · Cited by 188
Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension: Significance, pathophysiology, and therapeutic implications
Bianchi, S., Bigazzi, R., & Campese, V. M. (1999) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70002-8 · Cited by 185
Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Normal and Pathological Cardiovascular Physiology
Sowers, J. R. (1997) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.29.3.691 · Cited by 184
Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00007 · Cited by 185
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BMI, TOTAL TESTOSTERONE, SEX HORMONE-BINDING-GLOBULIN, LEPTIN, INSULIN AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESE MEN
Osuna C., J. A., Gómez-Pérez, R., Arata-Bellabarba, G., & Villaroel, V. (2006) · Archives of Andrology · doi:10.1080/01485010600692017 · Cited by 183
Insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, and coronary heart disease
Reaven, G. M., & Laws, A. (1994) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00400953 · Cited by 180
Diabetes Mellitus
Kuller, L. H., Velentgas, P., Barzilay, J. I., Beauchamp, N. J., O’Leary, D. H., & Savage, P. J. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.3.823 · Cited by 181
Prevalence of coronary heart disease and carotid arterial thickening in patients with the metabolic syndrome (The ARIC Study)
McNeill, A. M., Rosamond, W. D., Girman, C. J., Heiss, G., Golden, S. H., Duncan, B. B., East, H. E., & Ballantyne, C. (2004) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.07.107 · Cited by 177
The Look AHEAD Trial: a review and discussion of its outcomes
Pi-Sunyer, X. (2014) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-014-0099-x · Cited by 176
The epidemiology of impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension
Kannel, W. B., Wilson, P. W. F., & Zhang, T. (1991) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90432-h · Cited by 178
Obesity, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor, and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes
Blaschke, F., Takata, Y., Caglayan, E., Law, R. E., & Hsueh, W. A. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000191663.12164.77 · Cited by 176
Exenatide suppresses postprandial elevations in lipids and lipoproteins in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and recent onset type 2 diabetes mellitus
Schwartz, E. A., Koska, J., Mullin, M. P., Syoufi, I., Schwenke, D. C., & Reaven, P. D. (2010) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.028 · Cited by 173
Diabetes and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis
Wagenknecht, L. E., Zaccaro, D. J., Espeland, M. A., Karter, A. J., O’Leary, D. H., & Haffner, S. M. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000072273.67342.6d · Cited by 172
Self-citation
The insulin resistance syndrome: physiological considerations
Kashyap, S. R., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2007) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.3132/dvdr.2007.001 · Cited by 178
Nontraditional Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes
Fonseca, V. A., Desouza, C. V., Asnani, S., & Jialal, I. (2004) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0034 · Cited by 169
Relationship between Serum Lipoprotein Ratios and Insulin Resistance in Obesity
Brehm, A., Pfeiler, G., Pacini, G., Vierhapper, H., & Roden, M. (2004) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.037556 · Cited by 169
Prospective Study of Small LDLs as a Risk Factor for Non–Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly Men and Women
Austin, M. A., Mykkänen, L., Kuusisto, J., Edwards, K. L., Nelson, C., Haffner, S. M., Pyörälà, K., & Laakso, M. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1770 · Cited by 163
Self-citation
Liver‐Fat Accumulation and Insulin Resistance in Obese Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes
Tiikkainen, M., Tamminen, M., Häkkinen, A., Bergholm, R., Vehkavaara, S., Halavaara, J. T., Teramo, K., Rissanen, A., & Yki‐Järvinen, H. (2002) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2002.118 · Cited by 165
Comparison of carotid intima-media thickness, arterial stiffness, and brachial artery flow mediated dilatation in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects (The Chennai Urban Population Study [CUPS-9])
Ravikumar, R., Deepa, R., Shanthirani, C. S., & Mohan, V. (2002) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02593-6 · Cited by 161
Evolving Trends in the Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review
Weisman, A., Fazli, G. S., Johns, A., & Booth, G. L. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2018.03.002 · Cited by 167
Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose — a review of diagnosis, clinical implications and management
Petersen, J. L., & McGuire, D. K. (2005) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.3132/dvdr.2005.007 · Cited by 159
Diabetes mellitus, race, and socioeconomic status a population-based study
Brancati, F. L., Whelton, P. K., Kuller, L. H., & Klag, M. J. (1996) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(95)00095-x · Cited by 159
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Events After Myocardial Infarction
Levantesi, G., Macchia, A., Marfisi, R., Franzosi, M. G., Maggioni, A. P., Nicolosi, G. L., Schweiger, C., Tavazzi, L., Tognoni, G., Valagussa, F., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.062 · Cited by 157
The changing face of macrovascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an epidemic in progress
Zimmet, P., & Alberti, K. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)90020-9 · Cited by 156
The role of interleukin-18 in the metabolic syndrome
Trøseid, M., Seljeflot, I., & Arnesen, H. (2010) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-9-11 · Cited by 155
Risk for Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged Caucasian Male Participants of the PROCAM Study: Implications for the Definition of Impaired Fasting Glucose by the American Diabetes Association
von Eckardstein, A., Schulte, H., & Assmann, G. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.9.6773 · Cited by 155
Diabetic dyslipidemia
Kreisberg, R. A. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00848-0 · Cited by 154
A Major Locus for Fasting Insulin Concentrations and Insulin Resistance on Chromosome 6q with Strong Pleiotropic Effects on Obesity-Related Phenotypes in Nondiabetic Mexican Americans
Duggirala, R., Blangero, J., Almasy, L. A., Arya, R., Dyer, T. D., Williams, K. L., Leach, R. J., O'Connell, P., & D, M. P. S. M. (2001) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/320100 · Cited by 149
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
Ramlo-Halsted, B. A., & Edelman, S. V. (1999) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/s0095-4543(05)70130-5 · Cited by 156

Authors: Haffner, S. M.
Corresponding author: Haffner, Steven M.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1990-06-06
Volume: 263
Issue: 21
Pages: 2893
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1990.03440210043030
OpenAlex: W4297681290
Cited by: 668
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 6.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords: prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, hyperinsulinemia, atherogenic lipid profile, impaired glucose tolerance, macrovascular complications, Mexican Americans, San Antonio Heart Study, fasting insulin, obesity, disease duration

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Confirmed Prediabetic Individuals: Does the Clock for Coronary Heart Disease Start Ticking Before the Onset of Clinical Diabetes?

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks