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Cited by 438Phytoestrogen effects and researchMenopause: Health Impacts and TreatmentsEstrogen and related hormone effects

Effect of Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones on Cognitive Function, Bone Mineral Density, and Plasma Lipids in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kreijkamp-Kaspers, Sanne, Kok, Linda, Grobbee, Diederick E., de Haan, Edward H. F., Aleman, André, Lampe, Johanna W., van der Schouw, Yvonne T.·2004·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.292.1.65
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Postmenopausal estrogen therapy has been posited to have some beneficial effects on aging processes, but its use has risks. Isoflavones, estrogenlike compounds naturally occurring in plant foods, might confer positive effects with fewer adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether soy protein with isoflavones improves cognitive function, bone mineral density, and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 202 healthy postmenopausal women aged 60 to 75 years, recruited from a population-based sample in the Netherlands, conducted between April 2000 and September 2001. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to receive 25.6 g of soy protein containing 99 mg of isoflavones (52 mg genistein, 41 mg daidzein, and 6 mg glycetein or total milk protein as a powder on a daily basis for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive function was assessed using the following instruments: dementia, Mini-Mental State Examination; memory, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, immediate recall, delayed recall, and recognition, the Digit Span forward and reversed, and the Doors test; complex attention tasks, Digit Symbol Substitution and Trailmaking, A1, A2, and B; and verbal skills, Verbal Fluency A and N, animals and occupations, and the Boston Naming Task. Bone mineral density of the hip and lumbar spine was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning. Lipid assessment included lipoprotein(a), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. RESULTS: A total of 175 women completed the baseline and at least 1 postintervention analysis and were included in the modified intent-to-treat analysis. Adherence was good (median plasma genistein levels, 17.2 and 615.1 nmol/L for placebo and soy group, respectively). Cognitive function, bone mineral density, or plasma lipids did not differ significantly between the groups after a year. CONCLUSION: This double-blind randomized trial does not support the hypothesis that the use of soy protein supplement containing isoflavones improves cognitive function, bone mineral density, or plasma lipids in healthy postmenopausal women when started at the age of 60 years or later.

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Authors
Kreijkamp-Kaspers, S., Kok, L., Grobbee, D. E., de Haan, E. H. F., Aleman, A., Lampe, J. W., & van der Schouw, Y. T.
Affiliations
  • Utrecht University (NL)
  • Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
ORCID
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2004-07-07
Volume
292
Issue
1
Pages
65-74
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.292.1.65
OpenAlex
W2068342497
Cited by
438
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 25
FWCI
27.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Keywords
soy protein, isoflavones, genistein, daidzein, glycine, postmenopausal women, cognitive function, bone mineral density, plasma lipids, estrogenic compounds, memory
MeSH terms
Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Isoflavones, Lipids, Middle Aged, Milk Proteins, Bone Density, Postmenopause, Dietary Supplements, Soybean Proteins

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