Soy Protein Reduces Serum Cholesterol by Both Intrinsic and Food Displacement Mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
The apparently smaller LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering effect of soy in recent studies has prompted the U.S. FDA to reexamine the heart health claim previously allowed for soy products. We therefore attempted to estimate the intrinsic and extrinsic (displacement) potential of soy in reducing LDL-C to determine whether the heart health claim for soy continues to be justified. The intrinsic effect of soy was derived from a meta-analysis using soy studies (20-133 g/d soy protein) included in the recent AHA Soy Advisory. The extrinsic effect of soy in displacing foods higher in saturated fat and cholesterol was estimated using predictive equations for LDL-C and NHANES III population survey data with the substitution of 13-58 g/d soy protein for animal protein foods. The meta-analysis of the AHA Soy Advisory data gave a mean LDL-C reduction of 0.17 mmol/L (n = 22; P < 0.0001) or 4.3% for soy, which was confirmed in 11 studies reporting balanced macronutrient profiles. The estimated displacement value of soy (13-58 g/d) using NHANES III population survey data was a 3.6-6.0% reduction in LDL-C due to displacement of saturated fats and cholesterol from animal foods. The LDL-C reduction attributable to the combined intrinsic and extrinsic effects of soy protein foods ranged from 7.9 to 10.3%. Thus, soy remains one of a few food components that reduces serum cholesterol (>4%) when added to the diet.
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Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have shown reductions in LDL-C of 4-5% for plant proteins at median doses from ~30 g/day.
“4-5% for plant proteins at median doses from ~30 g/day, [34][35][36]”
From Portfolio Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
The 'Intrinsic effect of soy' section reports a 4.3% LDL-C reduction in a meta-analysis of 22 soy studies, supporting the claimed magnitude for soy protein. The paper does not establish that result for plant proteins generally or identify ~30 g/day as the median trial dose; its 'Dietary displacement value of soy' section instead projects a 4.8% reduction when 29 g/day of soy protein replaces animal protein. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Jenkins, D. J. A., Mirrahimi, A., Srichaikul, K., Berryman, C. E., Wang, L., Carleton, A., Abdulnour, S., Sievenpiper, J. L., Kendall, C. W. C., & Kris-Etherton, P. M.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Jenkins, David J.A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2302S-2311S
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167914776
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 14.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pharmavite
- Almond Board of California
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- soy protein, LDL cholesterol, serum cholesterol, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, dietary fat intake, NHANES III
- MeSH terms
- Cholesterol, Food, Health Surveys, Humans, Soybean Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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