Protective Prevention Effects on the Association of Poverty With Brain Development
Open accessAbstract
Importance: This study was designed to determine whether a preventive intervention focused on enhancing supportive parenting could ameliorate the association between exposure to poverty and brain development in low socioeconomic status African American individuals from the rural South. Objective: To determine whether participation in an efficacious prevention program designed to enhance supportive parenting for rural African American children will ameliorate the association between living in poverty and reduced hippocampal and amygdalar volumes in adulthood. Design, Setting, and Participants: In the rural southeastern United States, African American parents and their 11-year-old children were assigned randomly to the Strong African American Families randomized prevention trial or to a control condition. Parents provided data used to calculate income-to-needs ratios when children were aged 11 to 13 years and 16 to 18 years. When the participants were aged 25 years, hippocampal and amygdalar volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Exposures: Household poverty was measured by income-to-needs ratios. Main Outcomes and Measures: Young adults' whole hippocampal, dentate gyrus, and CA3 hippocampal subfields as well as amygdalar volumes were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Of the 667 participants in the Strong African American Families randomized prevention trial, 119 right-handed African American individuals aged 25 years living in rural areas were recruited. Years lived in poverty across ages 11 to 18 years forecasted diminished left dentate gyrus (simple slope, -14.20; standard error, 5.22; P = .008) and CA3 (simple slope, -6.42; standard error, 2.42; P = .009) hippocampal subfields and left amygdalar (simple slope, -34.62; standard error, 12.74; P = .008) volumes among young adults in the control condition (mean [SD] time, 2.04 [1.88] years) but not among those who participated in the Strong African American Families program (mean [SD] time, 2.61 [1.77] years). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, we described how participation in a randomized clinical trial designed to enhance supportive parenting ameliorated the association of years lived in poverty with left dentate gyrus and CA3 hippocampal subfields and left amygdalar volumes. These findings are consistent with a possible role for supportive parenting and suggest a strategy for narrowing social disparities.
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Caregiving-focused interventions improved ELA-associated chronic inflammation, telomere shortening, and gray matter volumetric changes in longitudinal research.
“Some parameters improved by caregiving-focused interventions in longitudinal research include ELA-associated chronic inflammation [98], telomere shortening (accelerated genetic aging) [99], and gray matter volumetric changes [100].”
From Biological embedding of childhood adversity: from physiological mechanisms to clinical implications (2017) · cites this paper as [100]
Citation [100] is attached to gray matter volumetric changes, not the inflammation or telomere claims, which have separate citations. The Abstract reports that a parenting-focused intervention ameliorated the association between years lived in poverty and adult hippocampal and amygdalar volumes. The Discussion’s Limitations section says pretrial volumes were not measured, so the study could not determine whether volumes changed differently over time between groups. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCaregiving-focused interventions may mitigate the physiological effects of ELA.
“Considerable evidence suggests that caregiving-focused interventions, for instance, may mitigate the physiological effects of ELA.”
From Biological embedding of childhood adversity: from physiological mechanisms to clinical implications (2017) · cites this paper as [100]
Evidence-based prevention can interrupt the adverse consequences of social determinants on addiction.
“and how evidence-based prevention can interrupt those adverse consequences [79,80].”
From Addiction as a brain disease revised: why it still matters, and the need for consilience (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
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- Authors
- Brody, G. H., Gray, J. C., Yu, T., Barton, A. W., Beach, S. R. H., Galván, A., MacKillop, J., Windle, M., Chen, E., Miller, G. E., & Sweet, L. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research (CA)
- Emory University (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brody, Gene H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2017-01-01
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-6203
- PMC
- PMC5214580
- OpenAlex
- W2558849075
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 29.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DA027827)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA027827, P30DA027827)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD030588)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- poverty, brain development, hippocampal volume, amygdala volume, dentate gyrus, CA3 subfield, supportive parenting, preventive interventions, income-to-needs ratio, African American children, rural South, social disparities, socioeconomic status, parenting support, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Black or African American, Brain, Child, Child Development, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Poverty, Rural Population, Southeastern United States, Program Evaluation
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