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Cited by 25Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentChild Abuse and TraumaResilience and Mental Health

Leveraging the developmental neuroscience of caregiving to promote resilience among youth exposed to adversity

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Gee, Dylan G., Cohodes, Emily M.·2023·Development and Psychopathology
DOI 10.1017/s0954579423001128PMC PMC10872788
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Abstract

Early adversity is a major risk factor for the emergence of psychopathology across development. Identifying mechanisms that support resilience, or favorable mental health outcomes despite exposure to adversity, is critical for informing clinical intervention and guiding policy to promote youth mental health. Here we propose that caregivers play a central role in fostering resilience among children exposed to adversity via caregiving influences on children’s corticolimbic circuitry and emotional functioning. We first delineate the numerous ways that caregivers support youth emotional learning and regulation and describe how early attachment lays the foundation for optimal caregiver support of youth emotional functioning in a developmental stage-specific manner. Second, we outline neural mechanisms by which caregivers foster resilience—namely, by modulating offspring corticolimbic circuitry to support emotion regulation and buffer stress reactivity. Next, we highlight the importance of developmental timing and sensitive periods in understanding caregiving-related mechanisms of resilience. Finally, we discuss clinical implications of this line of research and how findings can be translated to guide policy that promotes the well-being of youth and families.

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  • The most consistently corroborated protective factors following early adversity include stable, high-quality caregiving, supportive and close social relationships, and community support and safety.

    “The most consistently corroborated factors include stable, high-quality caregiving, supportive and close social relationships (e.g., peers, mentors), as well as community support and safety (Abate et al., 2024;Crouch et al., 2019;Gee & Cohodes, 2023;Keane & Evans, 2022;Masten, 2014).”

    From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Gee & Cohodes, 2023

    The sections on child–caregiver attachment and caregiver buffering following adversity support the protective role of high-quality, predictable caregiving. The paper also mentions peers as sources of social buffering and, in Implications for policy, says community-level interventions can promote favorable outcomes. It does not establish that this full list—including mentors and community safety—comprises the most consistently corroborated protective factors. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Child-level factors including executive functioning and emotion regulation skills have been linked to resilient outcomes following adversity.

    “Child-level factors including executive functioning and emotion regulation skills have also been linked to resilient outcomes following adversity, and these factors may also reflect indicators or components of resilience (Abate et al., 2024;Gee & Cohodes, 2023;Keane & Evans, 2022;Masten, 2014).”

    From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Gee & Cohodes, 2023

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gee, D. G., & Cohodes, E. M.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Gee, Dylan G.
ORCID
Venue
Development and Psychopathology
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2023-11-06
Volume
35
Issue
5
Pages
2168-2185
ISSN
  • 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-2198
DOI
10.1017/s0954579423001128
PMC
PMC10872788
OpenAlex
W4388414720
Cited by
25
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1
FWCI
7.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (1752134, 2145372, CAREER, DP5OD021370)
  • American Association of University Women
  • American Psychological Association (DP5OD021370)
  • National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (DP5OD021370)
  • Philanthropic Educational Organization
  • Jacobs Foundation (DP5OD021370)
  • National Institutes of Health (DP5OD021370, DGE-1752134, UL1TR001863)
  • Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Keywords
resilience, childhood adversity, caregiving, caregiver influence, corticolimbic circuitry, emotion regulation, emotional learning, attachment, stress reactivity, sensitive period, developmental timing, youth mental health, developmental neuroscience
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Emotions, Humans, Mental Health, Neurosciences, Psychopathology, Resilience, Psychological

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