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Cortical Representation of Afferent Bodily Signals in Borderline Personality Disorder: Neural Correlates and Relationship to Emotional Dysregulation
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: The ability to perceive and regulate one's own emotions has been tightly linked to the processing of afferent bodily signals (interoception). Thus, disturbed interoception might contribute to the core feature of emotional dysregulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD), as increased levels of depersonalization, body image disturbances, and reduced sensitivity to physical pain suggest poor body awareness in BPD. OBJECTIVE: To determine neural correlates of disturbed body awareness in BPD and its associations with emotional dysregulation and to explore improvements in body awareness with BPD symptom remission. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case-control study performed at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. Heartbeat evoked potentials (HEPs), an indicator of the cortical representation of afferent signals from the cardiovascular system, were investigated in 34 medication-free patients with BPD, 31 healthy volunteers, and 17 medication-free patients with BPD in remission. The HEPs were assessed using 5-minute resting-state electroencephalograms and parallel electrocardiograms. Core BPD symptoms, history of childhood traumatization, and psychiatric disorders were assessed by means of self-reports and structured interviews. To measure neural correlates of disturbed body awareness, high-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and region-of-interest-based approaches. The study was performed between 2012 and 2014, and data analysis was performed in 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mean HEP amplitudes in resting-state electroencephalograms and their correlation with self-reported emotional dysregulation, as well as with gray matter volume. RESULTS: Patients with BPD had significantly reduced mean HEP amplitudes compared with healthy volunteers (F1,61 = 11.32, P = .001), whereas the mean HEP amplitudes of patients with BDP in remission lie somewhere in between these 2 groups of participants (P > .05). The HEP amplitudes were negatively correlated with emotional dysregulation (R = -0.30, P = .01) and positively associated with gray matter volume in the left anterior insula (R = 0.53, P < .05) and the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (R = 0.47, P < .05), 2 structures that have been identified as core regions for interoception. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results indicate state-dependent deficits in the cortical processing of bodily signals in patients with BPD, which appear to be associated with core features of BPD. The analysis of patients with BPD in remission suggests an improvement in cortical representation of bodily signals with symptom remission. Results recommend the integration of techniques to strengthen bodily awareness in psychotherapeutic interventions of BPD.
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“For instance, reduced amplitudes of heart evoked potential (HEP), an indicator of cortical processing of afferent bodily signals, were revealed in patients with bipolar personality disorder [50], while a reduced IAc was reported in anorexia nervosa patients [52].”
From Interoceptive Ability and Emotion Regulation in Mind–Body Interventions: An Integrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [50]
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Borderline personality disorder
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Self-citationTowards a comprehensive assessment of interoception in a multi-dimensional framework
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“…systole, electrocutaneous shocks produce reduced pain sensation (Wilkinson et al., 2013), loud auditory stimuli produce smaller startle responses (Müller et al., 2015; Schulz, Schilling, V ¨ ogele, & Sch ¨ achinger, 2019), and word stimuli are less well remembered relative to when presented at…”
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“Patients with a borderline personality disorder, which commonly share overlapped symptomatology with depersonalization patients (Hedrick and Berlin, 2012), showed more positive HEP amplitude over central regions in the 400 to 600 ms post Rpeak time window during the resting state condition, compared to healthy control…”
InfluentialColl, M.-P., Hobson, H., Bird, G., & Murphy, J. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.012 · Cited by 262
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Focus of attention modulates the heartbeat evoked potential
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“…(Sel et al. 2016), pain perception (Shao et al. 2011), empathy (Fukushima et al. 2011), sleep states (Lechinger et al. 2015), and psychiatric disorders including depression (Terhaar et al. 2012), depersonalization (Schulz et al. 2015), and borderline personality disorder (Muller et al. 2015).”
BackgroundGarcía-Cordero, I., Sedeño, L., de la Fuente, L., Slachevsky, A., Forno, G., Klein, F., Lillo, P., Ferrari, J., Rodriguez, C., Bustin, J., et al. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0006 · Cited by 199
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“2012), borderline personality disorder (Muller et al. 2015) and depersonalization disorder (Schulz et al.”
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“…normative or reference parameters for clinical research, given that the HEP alterations during interoceptive tasks have been reported in patients with various psychiatric and neurological conditions (Terhaar et al., 2012; Muller et al., 2015; Schulz et al., 2015; García-Cordero et al., 2016).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialOakley, B. F. M., Jones, E. J. H., Crawley, D., Charman, T., Buitelaar, J., Tillmann, J., Murphy, D. G., Loth, E., & The EU-AIMS LEAP Group (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720003244 · Cited by 126
“Adaptive emotion regulation may also be impeded by broader difficulties in interpreting internal bodily states (i.e. interoception) that indicate heightened arousal or anxiety, such as elevated heart and breathing rate (Garfinkel, Eccles, & Critchley, 2015; Müller et al., 2015).”
Interoception primes emotional processing: multimodal evidence from neurodegeneration
Salamone, P. C., Legaz, A., Sedeño, L., Moguilner, S., Fraile-Vazquez, M., Campo, C. G., Fittipaldi, S., Yoris, A., Miranda, M., Birba, A., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2578-20.2021 · Cited by 103
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“…of HEPs has been consistently associated to the representation of the bodily aspects of emotional processing (Fukushima et al. 2011; Couto et al. 2014; Luft and Bhattacharya 2015; Müller et al. 2015) and self-processing (Pollatos and Schandry 2004; Canales-Johnson et al. 2015; Schulz et al. 2015).”
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I keep a close watch on this heart of mine: increased interoception in insomnia
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“The HEP can be detected without direct attention or perception to the heartbeat, for example, in the resting state (22, 28, 29), during sleep (30), or when people are focused on external information (20, 31, 32), making it a valuable objective quantitative assessment tool to investigate interoception.”
Childhood Trauma Affects Stress-Related Interoceptive Accuracy
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“In line with this interpretation, reduced HEPs have been observed in individuals with borderline personality disorder (57), a disorder known to be highly associated with the experiences of traumatic events (58–60).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Neurobiology of Borderline Personality Disorder
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“Thus, following previous studies (Muller et al., 2015; Schulz et al., 2015), we focused our main analysis on HEP modulations, which provide critical information about the temporal dynamics of interoception.”
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Birba, A., Santamaría-García, H., Prado, P., Cruzat, J., Ballesteros, A. S., Legaz, A., Fittipaldi, S., Duran-Aniotz, C., Slachevsky, A., Santibañez, R., et al. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.955 · Cited by 70
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“While similar deficits have been reported in psychiatric (Dunn et al., 2007; Khalsa et al., 2015; Muller et al., 2015; Yoris et al., 2015, 2017) and neurological (García-Cordero et al., 2016; Khalsa et al., 2009a; Ricciardi et al., 2016a,b; Terhaar et al., 2012) disorders (for a review, see Yoris…”
BackgroundInfluentialEnhanced cortical processing of cardio-afferent signals in anorexia nervosa
Lutz, A., Schulz, A., Voderholzer, U., Koch, S., Dyck, Z. V., & Vögele, C. (2019) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.06.009 · Cited by 69
“Mean HEP amplitudes were exported for a time window of 455 to 595 ms after the R-peak of the ECG to minimize effects of the cardiac field artifact (Gray et al., 2007; Schulz et al., 2013, 2015a, 2015b; Müller et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationInteroceptive Mechanisms and Emotional Processing
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“The samples of patients with the current BPD, remitted BPD, and healthy volunteers partly overlap with those presented in Müller et al. (2015), where differences in resting-state electroencephalographic and structural magnetic resonance tomography data are presented.”
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“A recent study gave hints on a cortical malfunction of the processing of bodily signals in BPD (97) patients that might foster the”
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“somatosensory cortex, ACC and insula in the cortical representation of cardiovascular signals [15, 18, 26, 35, 67].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe impact of traumatic childhood experiences on interoception: disregarding one’s own body
Schmitz, M., Back, S. N., Seitz, K. I., Harbrecht, N. K., Streckert, L., Schulz, A., Herpertz, S. C., & Bertsch, K. (2023) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-023-00212-5 · Cited by 68
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Does stroke volume influence heartbeat evoked responses?
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“[29] showed that more positive HEP amplitudes at”
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Interoceptive Ability and Emotion Regulation in Mind–Body Interventions: An Integrative Review
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The relationship between social anxiety and heartbeat evoked potential amplitude
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“the augmented representation of cardiac activity in the brain (Müller et al., 2015), when attending the heart (Petzschner et al.”
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Self-citationInteroception, Stress, and Physical Symptoms in Stress-Associated Diseases
Schulz, A., Schultchen, D., & Vögele, C. (2020) · European Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1027/2512-8442/a000063 · Cited by 42
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“2017), and that lower heartbeat-evoked potentials were associated with worse emotional outcomes and personality disorders (Müller et al. 2015), we predicted that higher temporal synchrony in the amplitude fluctuations of pulse and brain resting-state networks (RSNs) would be related to more positive ratings on emotion…”
BackgroundLate heartbeat-evoked potentials are associated with survival after cardiac arrest
Schulz, A., Stammet, P., Dierolf, A. M., Vögele, C., Beyenburg, S., Werer, C., & Devaux, Y. (2018) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.02.009 · Cited by 32
Dynamic neurocognitive changes in interoception after heart transplant
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Self-citationNeural Changes in Borderline Personality Disorder After Dialectical Behavior Therapy–A Review
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Self-citationTaking charge of one's feelings: Sense of power and affect regulation
Leach, S., & Weick, M. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109958 · Cited by 29
Neurobiology of Criterion A: self and interpersonal personality functioning
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Heartbeat Induces a Cortical Theta-Synchronized Network in the Resting State
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“Finally, cardiac interoceptive processing has been suggested to be closely related to an affective state of an individual (Terhaar et al., 2012; Müller et al., 2015).”
Bekrater‐Bodmann, R., Azevedo, R. T., Ainley, V., & Manos Tsakiris, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.562016 · Cited by 29
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“The convergence between objective performance in interoceptive tasks and higher-order representations of one’s own interoceptive abilities [66] could be used as more objective indicators of body connection and help to shed light on the inconsistent effects of previous studies [19, 67].”
BackgroundSelf-citationInduced illusory body ownership in borderline personality disorder
Neustadter, E. S., Fineberg, S. K., Leavitt, J., Carr, M. M., & Corlett, P. R. (2019) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niz017 · Cited by 25
“Importantly, the ACC and the insular cortex have been identified as central structures for interoception (Müller et al. 2015).”
BackgroundSchneider, I., Bertsch, K., Hidalgo, N. A. I., Müller, L. E., Schmahl, C. G., & Herpertz, S. C. (2017) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-017-0841-7 · Cited by 23
“[11], who analyzed the cortical processing of afferent signals using heartbeat evoked potentials (HEPs) and its association with emotional dysregulation.”
Self-citationSchmitz, M., Müller, L. E., Seitz, K. I., Schulz, A., Steinmann, S., Herpertz, S. C., & Bertsch, K. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1987686 · Cited by 25
“Whereas statistical power was adequate for detecting medium group differences and medium-sized correlations in the two samples, the obtained group difference between PTSD and HC for mean HEP amplitudes was smaller than expected on the basis of previously reported medium effect sizes in similar studies with clinical an…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationModulation of heartbeat-evoked potential and cardiac cycle effect by auditory stimuli
Tanaka, Y., Ito, Y., Terasawa, Y., & Umeda, S. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108637 · Cited by 25
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“evoked potentials at the neurophysiological level in BPD patients, indicating an alteration of interoceptive processing (Müller et al., 2015).”
BackgroundWhole‐brain microstructural white matter alterations in borderline personality disorder patients
Quattrini, G., Marizzoni, M., Magni, L. R., Magnaldi, S., Lanfredi, M., Rossi, G., Frisoni, G. B., Pievani, M., & Rossi, R. (2019) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1441 · Cited by 21
Psychological stress, the central nervous system and arrhythmias
Lambiase, P. D., Garfinkel, S. N., & Taggart, P. I. (2023) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcad144 · Cited by 24
“8 High-resolution functional neuroimaging combined with physiological recordings during emotional processing reveals the central representation of cardiac signal in the posterior insula.”
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Self-citationInteroception Dysfunction Contributes to the Negative Emotional Bias in Major Depressive Disorder
Zhou, H., Zou, H.-W., Dai, Z.-P., Zhao, S., Hua, L., Xia, Y., Han, Y., Yan, R., Tang, H., Huang, Y.-H., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.874859 · Cited by 25
Schulz, A., Dierolf, A. M., Lutz, A., Voderholzer, U., Koch, S., Bach, M., Asenstorfer, C., Michaux, G., Mertens, V., & Vögele, C. (2022) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2022.100052 · Cited by 20
Self-citationFlasbeck, V., Jungilligens, J., Lemke, I., Beckers, J., Öztürk, H., Wellmer, J., Seliger, C., Juckel, G., & Popkirov, S. (2024) · BMJ Neurology Open · doi:10.1136/bmjno-2024-000665 · Cited by 20
“26 Specifically, in a region- of-interest analysis, positive correlations were found between the HEP amplitude and the left anterior insula and bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.”
BackgroundInteroception and pain: body–mind integration, rupture, and repair
Garfinkel, S. N., & Eccleston, C. (2025) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003515 · Cited by 21
“37 Thus, markers of body-brain integration, such as the heartbeat-evoked potential, can offer dispositional insights into the nature (and efficiency) of how the brain processes interoceptive signals, with implications for the regulation of internal states.”
Heartbeat evoked potentials (HEP) capture brain activity affecting subsequent heartbeat
Baranauskas, M., Grabauskaitė, A., Griškova-Bulanova, I., Lataitytė-Šimkevičienė, B., & Stanikūnas, R. (2021) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102731 · Cited by 17
Vicario, C. M., Kuran, K. A., & Urgesi, C. (2019) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0934-y · Cited by 17
“This is true for Parkinson’s disease (Ricciardi et al., 2016), Schizophrenia (Ardizzi et al., 2016), Borderline Personality Disorders (Müller et al., 2015), and Depression (Simmons et al., 2016).”
BackgroundAllostatic-interoceptive anticipation of social rejection
Migeot, J., Hesse, E., Fittipaldi, S., Mejía, J., Fraile, M., García, A. M., García, M. D. C., Ortega, R., Lawlor, B., Lopez, V., et al. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120200 · Cited by 15
“Because HEP is a negative deflection mainly reflected in central and frontal electrodes around 200-600 ms post R waveform onset (peak) (Garcia-Cordero et al., 2016; Muller et al., 2015; Pollatos et al., 2016; Pollatos and Schandry, 2004), we assessed modulations in frontocentral electrodes (26 electrodes: Fp1, AF7, AF…”
MethodBilleci, L., Faraguna, U., Santarcangelo, E. L., D’Ascanio, P., Varanini, M., & Sebastiani, L. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11081089 · Cited by 15
“This is the first report of association between HEP amplitude during sleep and interoceptive sensitivity, which had been already observed during wakefulness in resting [11] and task conditions [27,85–87].”
BackgroundThe Heart, the Brain, and the Regulation of Emotion
Garfinkel, S. N., Eccles, J., & Critchley, H. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1493 · Cited by 16
Sleep-Dependent Directional Interactions of the Central Nervous System-Cardiorespiratory Network
Yang, J., Pan, Y., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Wen, J., & Luo, Y. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.3009950 · Cited by 15
Aberrant heartbeat-evoked potential in schizophrenia
Koreki, A., Ogyu, K., Miyazaki, T., Takenouchi, K., Matsushita, K., Honda, S., Koizumi, T., Onaya, M., Uchida, H., Mimura, M., et al. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110969 · Cited by 16
The Self–Other Distinction in Psychopathology: Recent Developments from a Mentalizing Perspective
Luyten, P., Meulemeester, C. D., & Fonagy, P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51890-5_34 · Cited by 16
Computational Psychiatry in Borderline Personality Disorder
Fineberg, S. K., Stahl, D. S., & Corlett, P. R. (2017) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-017-0104-y · Cited by 14
“Reference 68 (Muller et al. 2015): The researchers examined the neural signal (in EEG) that reports on individuals’ heartbeats.”
Exploring the role of interoception in autobiographical memory recollection
Messina, A., Basilico, S., Bottini, G., & Salvato, G. (2022) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2022.103358 · Cited by 15
Mapping human brain topography to heart rhythms: an SEEG study
Wang, X., Yang, H., Cheng, Y., Liu, S., Jin, G., Qiao, Z., Qi, L., Wang, S., Ge, J., Hu, D., et al. (2025) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaf099 · Cited by 13
Timing of Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability by Heartbeat Differs with Interoceptive Accuracy
Otsuru, N., Miyaguchi, S., Kojima, S., Yamashiro, K., Sato, D., Yokota, H., Saito, K., Inukai, Y., & Onishi, H. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.014 · Cited by 11
Dissociative Symptoms and Interoceptive Integration
Woelk, S. P., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2024) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2024_480 · Cited by 11
Heartbeat evoked potentials reflect interoceptive awareness during an emotional situation
Tanaka, Y., Ito, Y., Shibata, M., Terasawa, Y., & Umeda, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-92854-4 · Cited by 12
Baptista, A., Cohen, D., Jacquet, P. O., & Chambon, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.707091 · Cited by 14
“…of interoception in BPD: one study found that interoceptive performance was not altered in BPD (47), while another provided neurophysiological evidence of a deficit in cortical representation of interoceptive afferences (i.e., heartbeat-evoked potentials) in BPD (48) [see (46) for a review].”
The Neurophysiology of Interoceptive Disruptions in Trauma-Exposed Populations
Fani, N., Fulton, T. M., & Botzanowski, B. (2024) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2024_469 · Cited by 13
Alterations of Heartbeat Evoked Magnetic Fields Induced by Sounds of Disgust
Kato, Y., Takei, Y., Umeda, S., Mimura, M., & Fukuda, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00683 · Cited by 11
“org 2 including depression (41), depersonalization (42), and borderline personality disorder (43).”
BackgroundColl, M., Hobson, H., & Murphy, J. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/g2zhc · Cited by 13
Elevated EEG heartbeat-evoked potentials in adolescents with more ADHD symptoms
Rapp, L., Mai‐Lippold, S. A., Georgiou, E., & Pollatos, O. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108698 · Cited by 10
Interoception and Mental Health
Khalsa, S. S., & Verdonk, C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68521-7_9 · Cited by 9
Zhou, H., Xiong, T., Dai, Z., Zou, H., Wang, X., Tang, H., Huang, Y., Sun, H., You, W., Yao, Z., et al. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01628-4 · Cited by 10
“…heart is involved in higher-order cognitive processes, and disturbances in brain–heart interactions are related to cognitive and affective dysfunction found in many mental disorders, such as anxiety disorder [37], nightmare disorder [58], borderline personality disorder [39] and depression [59].”
Mai‐Lippold, S. A., Dettlinger, C. M., Khalsa, S. S., & Pollatos, O. (2020) · European Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1027/2512-8442/a000061 · Cited by 10
Bertsch, K., & Herpertz, S. C. (2021) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-021-01133-w · Cited by 8
Self-citationCoates, D., Lewis, S. P., & Burge-Ferrow, G. (2025) · Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia · doi:10.59158/001c.146359 · Cited by 8
Steinfath, T. P., Azanova, M., Kapralov, N., Loesche, T., Enk, L., Nikulin, V. V., & Villringer, A. (2026) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70297 · Cited by 8
“Another common strategy is to choose a time window of approximately 455-595 ms post-R-peak (Gray et al., 2007; Lutz et al., 2019; Müller et al., 2015; Rapp et al., 2023; Schmitz et al., 2020, 2021; Schulz et al., 2013), following Dirlich et al. (1997), who demonstrated the minimal influence of the…”
My body, your emotions: Viscerosomatic modulation of facial expression discrimination
Chick, C. F., Rounds, J. D., Hill, A. B., & Anderson, A. K. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107779 · Cited by 6
Impaired interoception in Colombian victims of armed conflict with PTSD: a preliminary HEP study
Herrera, E., Gutiérrez-Sterling, D., Barrera-Ocampo, A. A., Jaramillo, J. O., Santamaría‐García, H. A., & Birba, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1567574 · Cited by 5
Changes in heartbeat-evoked potentials reflect changes in blood pressure
Plantard, A., Séry, R., Pichot, V., & Chouchou, F. (2025) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00118.2025 · Cited by 6
Cognitive Processes Supporting Interoception and the Influence of Activation States
Schulz, A., & Vögele, C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68521-7_7 · Cited by 6
Self-citationBrain State Relays Self-Processing and Heartbeat-Evoked Cortical Responses
Huang, Y., Xie, M., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Jiang, L., Bao, H., Qin, P., & Han, J. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13050832 · Cited by 5
“For patients with BPD, mean HEP amplitude between 455 and 595 ms was found to be negatively correlated with emotional dysregulation (Pearsons r = − 0.30) [56].”
BackgroundInfluentialUnderstanding Anxiety in Borderline Personality Disorder
Bulbena‐Cabré, A., Pérez-Rodríguez, M. M., Porges, S. W., Bulbena, A., & Goodman, M. S. (2017) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-017-0122-0 · Cited by 5
Interoceptive Approaches to Embodiment Research
Schulz, A., & Vögele, C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78471-3_4 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Müller, L. E., Schulz, A., Andermann, M., Gäbel, A., Gescher, D. M., Spohn, A., Herpertz, S. C., & Bertsch, K.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
- Corresponding author
- Bertsch, Katja
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2015-11-01
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1077
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2096930850
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 14.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, interoception, body awareness, emotional dysregulation, heartbeat-evoked potentials, heart rate variability, anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, gray matter volume, symptom remission, childhood trauma, resting-state EEG, body image disturbance, depersonalization, pain sensitivity, emotion regulation, neuroplasticity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Afferent Pathways, Borderline Personality Disorder, Cerebral Cortex, Electrocardiography, Electroencephalography, Emotions, Evoked Potentials, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult, Interoception
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