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Cited by 592Psychiatric care and mental health servicesSchizophrenia research and treatmentHomelessness and Social Issues

Assertive community treatment for people with severe mental disorders

Marshall, Max, Lockwood, Austin·1998·Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd001089
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Abstract

Background Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) was developed in the early 1970s as a response to the closing down of psychiatric hospitals. ACT is a team-based approach aiming at keeping ill people in contact with services, reducing hospital admissions and improving outcome, especially social functioning and quality of life. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) as an alternative to i. standard community care, ii. traditional hospital-based rehabilitation, and iii. case management. For each of the three comparisons the main outcome indices were i. remaining in contact with the psychiatric services, ii. extent of psychiatric hospital admissions, iii. clinical and social outcome and iv. costs. Search strategy Electronic searches of CINAHL (1982-1997), the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register of trials (1997), EMBASE (1980-1997), MEDLINE (1966-1997), PsycLIT (1974-1997) and SCISEARCH (1997) were undertaken. References of all identified studies were searched for further trial citations. Selection criteria The inclusion criteria were that studies should i. be randomised controlled trials, ii. have compared ACT to standard community care, hospital-based rehabilitation, or case management and iii. have been carried out on people with severe mental disorder the majority of whom were aged from 18 to 65. Studies of ACT were defined as those in which the investigators described the intervention as "Assertive Community Treatment" or one of it…

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/14651858.cd001089This paper is marked retracted.

Cites

132 of 132 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • ACT has consistently been found across the US, UK and Europe to reduce clients' symptomology, adequately meet their needs and improve psychosocial functioning.

    “Over the years, this model of care has consistently been found across the US, UK and Europe to not only reduce clients' symptomology, but also adequately meet their needs and improve psychosocial functioning (Marshall and Lockwood 1998;Bond et al. 2001;Scho ¨ttle et al. 2018).”

    From Effect of community mental health care programs in Australia: A systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as Marshall and Lockwood 1998

  • ACT successfully combines both the therapeutic and case management support that this population requires through its provision of assertive outreach and intensive support from a multidisciplinary team.

    “Indeed, ACT successfully combines both the therapeutic and case management support that this population requires through its provision of assertive outreach and intensive support from a multidisciplinary team (Marshall and Lockwood 1998).”

    From Effect of community mental health care programs in Australia: A systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as Marshall and Lockwood 1998

  • Internationally, the gold standard community-based intervention for individuals with severe mental illness is ACT.

    “Internationally, the gold standard community-based intervention for individuals with severe mental illness is ACT.”

    From Effect of community mental health care programs in Australia: A systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as Marshall and Lockwood 1998

Cites

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Related

Authors
Marshall, M., & Lockwood, A.
Affiliations
University of Manchester (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Published
1998-04-27
Issue
2
Pages
CD001089-CD001089
ISSN
1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/14651858.cd001089
OpenAlex
W1698588946
Cited by
589
References
133
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 33
Type
reference entry
Language
en
Status
Retracted
Update notices
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
Keywords
assertive community treatment, severe mental illness, schizophrenia, community-based care, hospital-based rehabilitation, case management, psychiatric hospital admissions, social functioning, quality of life, treatment costs, treatment effectiveness, community mental health
MeSH terms
Mental Disorders, Community Mental Health Centers, Community Mental Health Services, Humans

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