Combined oral contraceptives: the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have been associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombosis, i.e. myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. However, as these diseases are rare in young women and as many types of combined oral contraception exist, the magnitude of the risk and the effect of different hormonal contents of COC preparations remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke in users compared with non-users of different types, doses and generations of combined oral contraception. SEARCH METHODS: We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE (1966 to July 08, 2015), EMBASE (1980 to July 08, 2015), Popline (1970 to July 08, 2015) and LILACS (1985 to July 08, 2015) for eligible studies, without language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included observational studies that recruited women in the reproductive age group (18 to 50 years) and compared the risk of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke between users and non-users of COCs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected relevant studies and extracted data. We pooled relative risks ()(combined odds ratios and one incidence rate ratio) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke in users versus non-users of COCs.We combined the outcomes of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke and also analysed these outcomes separately. Analyses were stratified according to estrogen dose and progestagen type. MAIN RESULTS: In total, we identified 1298 publications through the search strategy. We included 28 publications reporting on 24 studies. COC users were at increased risk of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke compared with non-users: relative risk (RR) 1.6 (95% CI 1.3-1.9).These RRs were similar for myocardial infarction (1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.1) and ischemic stroke (1.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 1.9). The risks did not vary clearly according to the generation of progestagen or according to progestagen type. When we stratified preparations according to estrogen dose, the risk of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke seemed to increase with higher doses of estrogen. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that the risk of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke was 1.6-fold increased in women using COCs . The risk was highest for pills with > 50 microgram estrogen. When combined with the results of studies on the risk of venous thrombosis in COC users, it seems that the COC pill containing levonorgestrel and 30 μg of estrogen is the safest oral form of hormonal contraception.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Oral contraceptives and non-oral forms of combined hormonal contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of arteriothrombotic events.
“Oral contraceptives and non-oral forms of combined hormonal contraceptives were associated with an increased risk of arteriothrombotic events (table 1).55 67 79”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
Current users of combined oral contraceptives have a greater risk of developing myocardial infarction and stroke than non-current users of combined oral contraceptives.
“Current users of combined oral contraceptives had a greater risk of developing myocardial infarction and stroke than non-current users of combined oral contraceptives.55”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
The risk of myocardial infarction or stroke with combined oral contraceptives is increased in women on higher doses of oestrogen but is not related to the dose, generation, or type of progesterone.
“The same review55 showed that the risk was increased in women on higher doses of oestrogen but was not related to the dose, generation, or type of progesterone (supplementary table 3).”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [55]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
Wilson, P. W. F., D’Agostino, R. B., Levy, D., Belanger, A. M., Silbershatz, H., & Kannel, W. B. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837 · Cited by 9,581 · see citing works
The Hazards of Scoring the Quality of Clinical Trials for Meta-analysis
Jüni, P. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.11.1054 · Cited by 1,981 · see citing works
Contraceptive failure in the United States
Trussell, J. (2011) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.021 · Cited by 1,591 · see citing works
White, I. R., Barrett, J. K., Jackson, D., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2012) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1045 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
A Tale of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction
Nabel, E. G., & Braunwald, E. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1112570 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease
Berry, J. D., Dyer, A., Cai, X., Garside, D. B., Ning, H., Thomas, A., Greenland, P., Van Horn, L., Tracy, R. P., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1012848 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Vlieg, A. V. H., Helmerhorst, F. M., Vandenbroucke, J. P., Doggen, C. J. M., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2921 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Self-citationCarlo, A. D., Lamassa, M., Baldereschi, M., Pracucci, G., Basile, A. M., Wolfe, C. D. A., Giroud, M., Rudd, A., Ghetti, A., & Inzitari, D. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000068410.07397.d7 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction with hormonal contraception
Lidegaard, Ø., Løkkegaard, E., Jensen, A., Skovlund, C. W., & Keiding, N. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1111840 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Thrombophilia, Clinical Factors, and Recurrent Venous Thrombotic Events
Christiansen, S. C. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.19.2352 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
The Hemostatic System as a Modulator of Atherosclerosis
Borissoff, J. I., Spronk, H. M. H., & Cate, H. T. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1011670 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
When are observational studies as credible as randomised trials?
Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16261-2 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Case-control study of migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke in young women
Tzourio, C., Tehindrazanarivelo, A. D., Iglesias, S., Alpérovitch, A., Chédru, F., d'Anglejan-Chatillon, J., & Bousser, M. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6983.830 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Migraine and stroke in young women: case-control study
Chang, C. L., Donaghy, M., & Poulter, N. R. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7175.13 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Roe, M. T., Messenger, J. C., Weintraub, W. S., Cannon, C. P., Fonarow, G. C., Dai, D., Chen, A. Y., Klein, L. W., Masoudi, F. A., McKay, C. R., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.008 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Compared to what? Finding controls for case-control studies.
Grimes, D., & Schulz, K. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66379-9 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Urbanus, R. T., Siegerink, B., Roest, M., Rosendaal, F. R., de Groot, P. G., & Algra, A. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70239-x · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Self-citationGodsland, I. F., Crook, D., Simpson, R., Proudler, T., Felton, C., Lees, B., Anyaoku, V., Devenport, M., & Wynn, V. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199011153232003 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Combined oral contraceptives: venous thrombosis
de Bastos, M., Stegeman, B. H., Rosendaal, F. R., Vlieg, A. V. H., Helmerhorst, F. M., Stijnen, T., & Dekkers, O. M. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010813.pub2 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Self-citationVessey, M. P., & Doll, R. (1969) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5658.651 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Ischemic Stroke Risk With Oral Contraceptives
Gillum, L. A., Mamidipudi, S. K., & Johnston, S. C. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.1.72 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Drospirenone: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen
Krattenmacher, R. (2000) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00133-5 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Tanis, B. C., van den Bosch, M. A. A. J., Kemmeren, J. M., Cats, V. M., Helmerhorst, F. M., Algra, A., van der Graaf, Y., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa003216 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Self-citationMyocardial infarction in young women with special reference to oral contraceptive practice.
Mann, J. I., Vessey, M. P., Thorogood, M., & Doll, S. R. (1975) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5965.241 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Poulter, N. R., Cl, C., Farley, T., Meirik, O., & Marmot, M. G. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)12393-8 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Probable Migraine With Visual Aura and Risk of Ischemic Stroke
MacClellan, L. R., Giles, W. H., Cole, J. W., Wozniak, M. A., Stern, B. J., Mitchell, B. D., & Kittner, S. J. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.488395 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Stroke in Users of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives
Petitti, D. B., Sidney, S. S., BERNSTEIN, A. L., Wolf, S. M., Quesenberry, C. P., & Ziel, H. K. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199607043350102 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Poulter, N. R., Chang, C., Farley, T., Kelaghan, J., Meirlk, O., Marmot, M. G., Debert-Ribeiro, M., Medina, E., Artigas, J., He, S., et al. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)02358-1 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Venous thrombosis in users of non-oral hormonal contraception: follow-up study, Denmark 2001-10
Lidegaard, O., Nielsen, L. H., Skovlund, C. W., & Lokkegaard, E. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e2990 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Psaty, B. M. (1994) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.154.12.1333 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and death from myocardial infarction.
Mann, J. I., & Inman, W. H. W. (1975) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5965.245 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Baillargeon, J., McClish, D. K., Essah, P. A., & Nestler, J. E. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1958 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Golder, S., Loke, Y. K., & Bland, M. (2011) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001026 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception∗Appendix e (1998) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00041-9 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Case-control studies: basic concepts
Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Pearce, N. (2012) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys147 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in Relation to Oral Contraceptives (RATIO) Study
Kemmeren, J. M., Tanis, B. C., van den Bosch, M. A. A. J., Bollen, E. L. E. M., Helmerhorst, F. M., van der Graaf, Y., Rosendaal, F. R., & Algra, A. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000015345.61324.3f · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms of estrogen-induced venous thromboembolism
Tchaikovski, S. N., & Rosing, J. (2010) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2010.01.045 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Oral Contraception and Increased Risk of Cerebral Ischemia or Thrombosis
Collaborative Group for the Study of Stroke in Young Women (1973) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197304262881703 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN RELATION TO MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Shapiro, S., Rosenberg, L. A., Slone, D., Kaufman, D. W., Stolley, P., & Miettinen, O. S. (1979) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91205-4 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PARENTAL HISTORY OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN WOMEN
Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., ROSNER, B. A., Speizer, F. E., & Hennekens, C. H. (1986) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114223 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Stroke and Use of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives in Young Women
Schwartz, S. M., Petitti, D. B., Siscovick, D. S., Longstreth, W. T., Sidney, S. S., Raghunathan, T. E., Quesenberry, C. P., & Kelaghan, J. W. (1998) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.29.11.2277 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Psaty, B. M. (1994) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1994.00420120047005 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Poulter, N. R., Chang, C. L., Farley, T., Meirik, O., Marmot, M. G., & Debert-Ribeiro, M. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)12394-6 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Contraceptivos orales y riesgo de infarto de miocardio
Tanis, B. C. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Knol, M. J., Vandenbroucke, J. P., Scott, P., & Egger, M. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn217 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
A Clinical Guide for Contraception
Speroff, L., & Darney, P. D. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Relation to Current and Discontinued Use of Oral Contraceptives
Slone, D., Shapiro, S., Kaufman, D. W., Rosenberg, L. A., Miettinen, O. S., & Stolley, P. D. (1981) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198108203050802 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
A clinical guide for contraception
Eskes, T. K. A. B. (2001) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(01)00293-7 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Dunn, N., Thorogood, M., Faragher, B. E., de Caestecker, L., MacDonald, T. M., McCollum, C. N., Thomas, S., Mann, R., & Lidegaard, Ø. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7198.1579 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Myocardial Infarction and Estrogen Therapy in Post-Menopausal Women
Rosenberg, L. A., Armstrong, B. K., & Jick, H. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197606032942302 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Risk factors for myocardial infarction in young women.
Mann, J. I., Doll, R., Thorogood, M., Vessey, M. P., & Waters, W. E. (1976) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.30.2.94 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The use of oral contraceptives and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in young women
Lewis, M. A., Heinemann, L. A. J., Spitzer, W. O., MacRae, K. D., & Bruppacher, R. (1997) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00118-2 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Poulter, N. R., Cl, C., Farley, T., Meirik, O., & Marmot, M. G. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Caplan's Stroke : A Clinical Approach
Caplan, L. R. (2000) · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Lewis, M. A., Spitzer, W. O., Heinemann, L. A. J., MacRae, K. D., Bruppacher, R., & Thorogood, M. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.88 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Andersson, H. M., Siegerink, B., Luken, B. M., Crawley, J. T. B., Algra, A., Lane, D. A., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-09-380618 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationOral contraceptives use and the risk of myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis
Khader, Y. S., Rice, J. C., Lefante, J., & Abueita, O. (2003) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(03)00073-8 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Risk of Acute Thromboembolic Events With Oral Contraceptive Use
Urrutia, R. P., Coeytaux, R. R., McBroom, A. J., Gierisch, J. M., Havrilesky, L. J., Moorman, P. G., Lowery, W. J., Dinan, M. A., Hasselblad, V., Sanders, G. D., et al. (2013) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3182994c43 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Poulter, N. R., Cl, C., Farley, T., Marmot, M. G., & Meirik, O. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Gronich, N., Lavi, I., & Rennert, G. (2011) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.110463 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Ischemic Stroke in Young Women
Nightingale, A. L., & Farmer, R. D. T. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000129789.58837.e4 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Heinemann, L. A. J., Assmann, A., DoMinh, T., & Garbe, E. (1999) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.3109/13625189909064007 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and nonfatal vascular disease.
Porter, J., Hunter, Jick, H., & Stergachis, A. S. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Intrinsic Coagulation Activation and the Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in Young Women
Siegerink, B., Govers‐Riemslag, J. W. P., Rosendaal, F. R., Cate, H. T., & Algra, A. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.943738 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationHolmes, I. R., & Bishop, R. (1975) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)91651-7 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Relation of Cigarette Smoking to Myocardial Infarction in Young Women
Slone, D., Shapiro, S., Rosenberg, L. A., Kaufman, D. W., Hartz, S. C., Rossi, A. C., Stolley, P. D., & Miettinen, O. S. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197806082982302 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Combined oral contraceptives: the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke
Roach, R. E. J., Helmerhorst, F. M., Lijfering, W. M., Algra, A., & Dekkers, O. M. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011054 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationProthrombotic conditions, oral contraceptives, and the risk of ischemic stroke
Slooter, A. J. C., Rosendaal, F. R., Tanis, B. C., Kemmeren, J. M., van der Graaf, Y., & Algra, A. (2005) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01442.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationMyocardial Infarction and Use of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives
Sidney, S., Siscovick, D. S., Petitti, D. B., Schwartz, S. M., Quesenberry, C. P., Psaty, B. M., Raghunathan, T. E., Kelaghan, J. W., & Koepsell, T. D. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.11.1058 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Lifestyle-Associated Risk Factors for Acute Brain Infarction Among Persons of Working Age
Haapaniemi, H., Hillbom, M., & Juvela, S. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.1.26 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Use of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives and Stroke in Young Women
Schwartz, S. M., Siscovick, D. S., Longstreth, W. T., Jr., Psaty, B. M., Beverly, R. K., Raghunathan, T. E., Lin, D., & Koepsell, T. D. (1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_part_1-199710150-00003 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Oral contraceptive use in older women and fatal myocardial infarction.
Mann, J. I., Inman, W. H. W., & Thorogood, M. (1976) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6033.445 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Caplan’s Stroke: A Clinical Approach
Napoli, M. D. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1776 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Sex difference in risk of recurrent venous thrombosis and the risk profile for a second event
Christiansen, S. C., Lijfering, W. M., Helmerhorst, F. M., Rosendaal, F. R., & Cannegieter, S. C. (2010) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03994.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationPoulter, N. R., Cl, C., Farley, T., Meirik, O., & Marmot, M. G. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Low-Dose Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Rosenberg, L. A., Palmer, J. R., Rao, S. R., & Shapiro, S. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.8.1065 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
RISK FACTORS FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG WOMEN
Vecchia, C. L., Franceschi, S., Decarli, A., Pampallona, S., & Tognoni, G. (1987) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114599 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Combined oral contraceptives, smoking, and cardiovascular risk.
Farley, T., Meirik, O., Chang, C. L., & Poulter, N. R. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.12.775 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction
Jick, H. (1978) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1978.03280410045016 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Heinemann, L. A. J., Lewis, M. A., Thorogood, M., Spitzer, W. O., Guggenmoos-Holzmann, I., & Bruppacher, R. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7121.1502 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN RELATION TO NONFATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Rosenberg, L. A., Hennekens, C. H., ROSNER, B. A., Belanger, C., Rothman, K. J., & Speizer, F. E. (1980) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112874 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Jick, H. (1978) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.240.23.2548 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
A prospective study of oral contraceptive use and risk of myocardial infarction among Swedish women
Margolis, K. L., Adami, H., Luo, J., Ye, W., & Weiderpass, E. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.206 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Hormonal contraceptives and arterial disease: An epidemiological update
Plu‐Bureau, G., Hugon‐Rodin, J., Maitrot‐Mantelet, L., & Canonico, M. (2012) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2012.11.003 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Risk of acute myocardial infarction and low-dose combined oral contraceptives
Jick, H., Jick, S. S., Myers, M. W., & Vasilakis‐Scaramozza, C. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91334-3 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Myocardial infarction in users of low-dose oral contraceptives
Sidney, S., Bpetitti, D., PQUESENBERRYJR, C., LKlatsky, A., KZIEL, H., & WOLF, S. (1996) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(96)00351-1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND THE RISK OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Rosenberg, L. A., Palmer, J. R., Lesko, S. M., & Shapiro, S. (1990) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115592 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Thromboembolic Stroke in Young Women
Heinemann, L. A. J., Lewis, M. A., Spitzer, W. O., Thorogood, M., Guggenmoos-Holzmann, I., & Bruppacher, R. (1998) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00204-7 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Brieger, D. B., Fox, K. A. A., FitzGerald, G., Eagle, K. A., Budaj, A., Avezum, Á., Granger, C. B., Costa, B., Anderson, F. A., & Steg, P. G. (2009) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.153387 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Risk of Ischemic Stroke Among Users of the Oral Contraceptive Pill
Siritho, S., Thrift, A. G., McNeil, J. J., You, R. X., Davis, S. M., & Donnan, G. A. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000077925.16041.6b · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Comparison of Recalled and Validated Oral Contraceptive Histories
NISCHAN, P., EBELING, K., Thomas, D. B., & Hirsch, U. (1993) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116907 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Thrombotic diseases in young women and the influence of oral contraceptives
Lidegaard, Ø. (1998) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1053/ob.1998.v179.a91674 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Thorogood, M., Mann, J. I., Murphy, M. F. G., & Vessey, M. P. (1991) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb15397.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Types of progestogens in combined oral contraception: effectiveness and side-effects
Lawrie, T. A., Helmerhorst, F. M., Maitra, N., Kulier, R., Bloemenkamp, K. W. M., & Gülmezoglu, A. M. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004861.pub2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationMant, J., Painter, R., & Vessey, M. P. (1998) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10235.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and nonfatal vascular disease--recent experience.
Porter, J., Hunter, Danielson, D. A., Jick, H., & Stergachis, A. S. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Jensen, G. B., Nyboe, J., Appleyard, M., & Schnohr, P. (1991) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059894 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Smoking and use of oral contraceptives: Impact on thrombotic diseases
Lidegaard, Ø. (1999) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70696-4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations in young adults with cryptogenic ischemic stroke
Mira, Y., Vayá, A., Corella, D., Ferrando, F., Villa, P., Estellés, A., & Aznar, J. (2004) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th03-11-0690 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Coagulation factor XIII gene variation, oral contraceptives, and risk of ischemic stroke
Pruissen, D. M. O., Slooter, A. J. C., Rosendaal, F. R., van der Graaf, Y., & Algra, A. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-08-110254 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationCigarette smoking, use of oral contraceptives, and myocardial infarction
Jain, A. K. (1976) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(76)90539-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Oral contraceptive use: interview data versus pharmacy records
Norell, S. E. (1998) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/27.6.1033 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A multinational case-control study of cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraceptives
Debert-Ribeiro, M., Medina, E., Artigas, J., He, S., Hui, Z. Y., Zhang, D. W., Rojas, O., Vessey, M., Heinemann, L., Donnan, S. P. B., et al. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00516-1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cerebral thromboembolism among young women and men in Denmark 1977-1982.
Lidegaard, Ø., Søe, M., & Andersen, M. V. (1986) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.17.4.670 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Yang, L., Kuper, H., Sandin, S., Margolis, K. L., Chen, Z., Adami, H., & Weiderpass, E. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.531913 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and nonfatal vascular disease: Recent experience
Conrad, L. C. A. (1983) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(83)80583-6 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Oral contraceptive use, thrombophilia and their interaction in young women with ischemic stroke.
Martinelli, I., Battaglioli, T., Burgo, I., Domenico, S. L. D., & Mannucci, P. M. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Adam, S. A., Thorogood, M., & Mann, J. I. (1981) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1981.tb01311.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
INCREASED RISK OF THROMBOSIS DUE TO ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES: A FURTHER REPORT1
Maguire, M. G., Tonascia, J. A., Sartwell, P. E., Stolley, P. D., & Tockman, M. S. (1979) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112803 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Cerebral thrombosis and oral contraceptives
Lidegaard, Ø., & Kreiner, S. (1998) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00032-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease
Dalen, J. E., & Hickler, R. B. (1981) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(81)90231-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Matthews, K. A. (1989) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.8.4.373 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effect on stroke of different progestagens in low oestrogen dose oral contraceptives
Poulter, N. R., Chang, C., Farley, T., Marmot, M. G., & Meirik, O. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01013-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in women.
Croft, P., & Hannaford, P. C. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6674.674 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Pezzini, A., Grassi, M., Iacoviello, L., Zotto, E. D., Archetti, S., Giossi, A., & Padovani, A. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.101675 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Strokes in women of childbearing age
Schoenberg, B. S., Whisnant, J. P., Taylor, W. F., & Kempers, R. D. (1970) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.20.2.181 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Myocardial infarction and angina pectoris in young women.
Mant, D., VILLARD‐MACKINTOSH, L., Vessey, M. P., & Yeates, D. (1987) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.41.3.215 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
FATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND THE ROLE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Krueger, D. E., Ellenberg, S. S., Bloom, S., Calkins, B. M., Maliza, C., Nolan, D. C., Phillips, R. L., Rios, J. D., ROSIN, I., Shekelle, R. B., et al. (1980) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112944 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Tanis, B. C., Bloemenkamp, D. G. M., van den Bosch, M. A. A. J., Kemmeren, J. M., Algra, A., van der Graaf, Y., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2003) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04454.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationOral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction
Tanis, B. C., van den Bosch, M. A., & Kemmeren, J. M. (2002) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/s1062-1458(02)00660-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Thompson, S. G., Greenberg, G. M., & Meade, T. W. (1989) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.61.5.403 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction in young women: a further report.
Mann, J. I., Thorogood, M., Waters, W. E., & Powell, C. M. (1975) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5984.631 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Owen-Smith, V., Hannaford, P. C., Warskyj, M., Ferry, S., & Kay, C. R. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.7.420 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives, Smoking and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Young Women
Salonen, J. T. (1982) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb03186.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hannaford, P. C., & Owen-Smith, V. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7136.984 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Contraceptive Patch in Relation to Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction
Jick, S. S., & Jick, H. (2007) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.27.2.218 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jugdutt, B. I., Stevens, G. F., Zacks, D. J., Lee, S. J. K., & Taylor, R. F. (1983) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(83)90100-x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Zakharova, M. Y., Meyer, R. M., Brandy, K. R., Datta, Y. H., Joseph, M. S., Schreiner, P. J., Rao, G. H. R., & Divani, A. A. (2010) · Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis · doi:10.1177/1076029610368670 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Oral contraceptive use and risk of myocardial infarction: an Italian case-control study.
D’Avanzo, B., Vecchia, C. L., Negri, E., Parazzini, F., & Franceschi, S. (1994) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.48.3.324 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Incidence of Arterial Disease among Oral Contraceptive Users
Layde, P. M., Ory, H. W., Beral, V., & Kay, C. R. (1984) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-198402000-00015 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction
Tanis, B. C. (2003) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0195-668x(02)00752-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Norgestimate: A clinical overview of a new progestin
Bringer, J. (1992) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(92)91397-s · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Li, Y., Zhou, L., Coulter, D. M., Gao, E., Sun, Z., Liu, Y., & Wang, X. (2006) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.1266 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The role of oral contraceptive agents in cerebral arterial occlusion
Heyman, A., Arons, M., Quinn, M., & Camplong, L. (1969) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.19.6.519 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ischemic stroke in young adults. II. Analysis of risk factors in the etiological subgroups
Matías‐Guiu, J., Álvarez, J. L. A., Insa, R., Jordà, J. M. M., Martín, R., Codina, A., & Martinez-Vazquez, J. M. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1990.tb01561.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Siegerink, B., Meltzer, M. E., de Groot, P. G., Algra, A., Lisman, T., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2011) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08935.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationHormonal contraceptive regimens in the perimenopause
Hardman, S. M., & Gebbie, A. E. (2009) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.05.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Poulter, N. R., Chang, C. L., Farley, T., & Marmot, M. G. (1996) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.50.6.674 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Tanis, B. C., Blom, H. J., Bloemenkamp, D. G. M., van den Bosch, M. A. A. J., Algra, A., van der Graaf, Y., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2004) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00508.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationLewis, M. A., Spitzer, W. O., Heinemann, L. A. J., MacRae, K. D., & Bruppacher, R. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.679b · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and blood coagulation.
Bonnar, J., & Am, S. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wang, C., Li, Y., Li, H., Sun, T., Jin, G., Sun, Z., Zhou, J., Ba, L., Huang, Z., & Bai, J. (2012) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1161-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Stroke in Users of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives
Petitti, D. B., Sidney, S., BERNSTEIN, A. L., Wolf, S. M., Quesenberry, C. P., & Ziel, H. K. (1997) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-199701000-00022 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Burnhill, M. S. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Myocardial infarction and oral contraceptives.
Kubik, M. M., & Bhowmick, B. K. (1973) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.35.12.1271 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kisjanto, J., Bonneux, L. G. A., Prihartono, J., Ranakusuma, T. A. S., & Grobbee, D. E. (2004) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000081907 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Layde, P. M., Ory, H. W., Beral, & Kay, C. R. (1983) · PubMed Central · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mortality Risk Associated with the Use of Oral Contraceptives
Jain, A. K. (1977) · Studies in Family Planning · doi:10.2307/1965526 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Myocardial Infarction in Young Women with Reference to Oral Contraceptive Use
Ananijević-Pandey, J., & Vlajinac, H. (1989) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/18.3.585 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cerebral Infarction in Young Women: Analysis of 130 Cases
Barinagarrementería, F., González‐Duarte, A., Miranda, L., & Cantú, C. (1998) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000007985 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Effects of progestogens on thrombosis and atherosclerosis
Badimón, L. (1999) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.191 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Thromboembolism during Hormone Therapy in Japanese Women
Adachi, T., & Sakamoto, S. (2005) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-2005-872431 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Oral contraceptives and stroke: A preliminary report on an epidemiologic study in Taiwan, China
Chang, K. K., Chow, L. P., & Rider, R. V. (1986) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(86)90032-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Myocardial Infarction in Women
Meade, T. W. (1987) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.63.745.1012 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and Life Expectancy
Fortney, J. A., Harper, J. M., & Potts, M. (1986) · Studies in Family Planning · doi:10.2307/1967029 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Huang, X., Li, Y., Huang, Z., Wang, C., & Xu, Z. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-014-0418-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lewis, B. (2003) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0195-668x(03)95044-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Stolley, P. D. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02642.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and Myocardial Infarction — The Search for the Smoking Gun
Chasan‐Taber, L., & Stampfer, M. J. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200112203452510 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and Blood Coagulation
Nour‐Eldin, F. (1965) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5459.476-a · Cited by 11 · see citing works
COC use, ACE/AGT gene polymorphisms, and risk of stroke
Li, Y., Chen, F., Zhou, L., Coulter, D. M., Chen, C., Sun, Z., Chen, J., Pan, H., Wu, Y., Zhou, J., et al. (2010) · Pharmacogenetics and Genomics · doi:10.1097/fpc.0b013e328338f54f · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Azarpazhooh, M. R., Rafi, S., Etemadi, M. M., Khadem, N., & Fazlinejad, A. (2008) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/1658-3175.4399 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Myocardial Infarction and Estrogen Therapy in Premenopausal Women
Rosenberg, L. A., Armstrong, B. K., & Jick, H. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197606032942314 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Col, N. F., Wong, J. B., Pauker, S. G., & Karas, R. H. (1997) · PubMed Central · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lui, K. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1529 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
[Oral contraceptives and risk of myocardial infarction].
Sørensen, M. B., & Ottesen, B. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Possible predisposing factors for thrombotic cerebrovascular accidents in Sudanese patients
Elagib, A. H., Ahmed, A. E., Hussein, A., Musa, A. M., Khalil, E. A. G., & El-Hassan, A. M. (2008) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/1658-3175.4242 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Salobir, B., Šabović, M., Peternel, P., & Stegnar, M. (2003) · Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis · doi:10.1159/000073853 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Stroke in users of low-dose oral contraceptives.
Zamorski, M. A. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
[Oral contraceptives and thrombosis].
Lidegaard, Ø., Schiødt, A. V., & Poulsen, E. F. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Meinel, H., Göretzlehner, G., & Heinemann, L. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
[Association between low-dose oral contraceptive use and stroke in Chinese women].
Li, Y., Gao, E., Liu, Y., Luo, L., Wang, X., Wang, H., Wu, Y., Zhou, L., Sun, Z., Zhang, L., et al. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works
[Prevention, diagnosis and therapy of stroke: time is brain!].
Stiefelhagen, P. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Coordinated studies of the effects of oral contraceptives
Corfman, P. A. (1974) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(74)90024-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
[Oral contraception and cerebral embolisms].
Riedel, M., & Lichtlen, P. R. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
[A study of relationship between oral contraceptives and gene polymorphism and types of stroke].
Chen, J., Yichong, L., & Zhou, J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
[Myocardial infarct in young women and steroid contraception].
Presl (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
[Risks and benefits of the contraceptive pill. A review of the results of an Italian study].
Parazzini, F., Vecchia, C. L., & Negri, E. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Myocardial infarction and oral contraceptives.
Arscott, A., & Nettelfield, P. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Al, B. (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
[Migraine patients and oral contraceptives].
Salvesen, R. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
[Incidence of cerebrovascular lesions in users of oral contraceptives].
Borovská, D., & Volejník, V. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 186 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Lidegaard 2001 {published data only} Lidegaard O. Oral contraceptive pills and thrombosis [P-piller og trombose]. Ugeskrift for Laeger 2001;163: 4549-53.
- Meinel 1988 {published data only} Meinel VH, Goretzlehner G, Heinemann L. Hormonal contraception and cardiovascular risk. Results from a multicenter case-control study [Hormonale Kontraceptiva und Kardiovaskulares Risiko. Ergebnisse einer multi zentrischen DDR-Fall-Kontrol-Studie]. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie 1988;110:1507-14. References to other published versions of this review Roach 2014
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591 · see citing works
Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the american heart association
Benjamin, E. J., Virani, S. S., Callaway, C. W., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Delling, F. N., Deo, R., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000558 · Cited by 7,146 · see citing works
Okoth, K., Chandan, J. S., Marshall, T., Thangaratinam, S., Thomas, G. N., Nirantharakumar, K., & Adderley, N. J. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m3502 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Bushnell, C., Kernan, W. N., Sharrief, A. Z., Chaturvedi, S., Cole, J. W., Cornwell, W. K., Cosby-Gaither, C., Doyle, S., Goldstein, L. B., Lennon, O. C., et al. (2024) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000475 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Pregnancy and Reproductive Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Women
O’Kelly, A. C., Michos, E. D., SHUFELT, C. L., Vermunt, J. V., Minissian, M., Quesada, O., Smith, G. N., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Garovic, V. D., Khoudary, S. R. E., et al. (2022) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.121.319895 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Estrogen and thrombosis: a bench to bedside review
Abou-Ismail, M. Y., Citla Sridhar, D., & Nayak, L. (2020) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.008 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Medical treatment of endometriosis-related pain
Vercellini, P., Buggio, L., Frattaruolo, M. P., Borghi, A., Dridi, D., & Somigliana, E. (2018) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.015 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
on behalf of the European Headache Federation (EHF) and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health (ESC), Sacco, S., Merki‐Feld, G. S., Ægidius, K. L., Bitzer, J., Canonico, M., Kurth, T., Lampl, C., Lidegaard, Ø., MacGregor, E. A., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-017-0815-1 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults.
Putaala, J. (2020) · Continuum · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000833 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and HRT Risk of Thrombosis
Gialeraki, A. E., Valsami, S. I., Pittaras, T., Panayiotakopoulos, G. D., & Politou, M. (2017) · Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis · doi:10.1177/1076029616683802 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Management of the Perimenopause
DELAMATER, L., & Santoro, N. F. (2018) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000389 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Iron, ferroptosis, and ischemic stroke
Guo, J., Tuo, Q., & Lei, P. (2023) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15807 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Stroke in women — from evidence to inequalities
the Women Initiative for Stroke in Europe (WISE) group, Cordonnier, C., Sprigg, N., Sandset, E. C., Pavlovic, A. M., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Caso, V., & Christensen, H. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.95 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Sex differences in risk factors for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment & dementia
Gannon, O. J., Robison, L. S., Custozzo, A. J., & Zuloaga, K. L. (2018) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.014 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors – 2022
Bays, H. E., Agarwala, A., German, C. A., Satish, P., Iluyomade, A., Dudum, R., Thakkar, A., Rifai, M. A., Mehta, A., Thobani, A., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100342 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Jukka Putaala, A. (2016) · European Stroke Journal · doi:10.1177/2396987316629860 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Stroke Risk Factors Unique to Women
Demel, S. L., Kittner, S. J., Ley, S. H., McDermott, M., & Rexrode, K. M. (2018) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.117.018415 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Tang, X., Fang, M., Cheng, R., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Shen, C., Han, Y., Lu, Q., Du, Y., Liu, Y., et al. (2020) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.119.316453 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Emerging Evidence of Pathological Roles of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
Huang, J.-K., & Lee, H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23084300 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Sheikh, H. U., Pavlovic, J. M., Loder, E., & Burch, R. C. (2017) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13229 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Elder, P., Sharma, G. V., Gulati, M., & Michos, E. D. (2020) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100028 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Perrino, C., Ferdinandy, P., Bøtker, H. E., Brundel, B. J. J. M., Collins, P. D., Davidson, S. M., den Ruijter, H. M., Engel, F. B., Gerdts, E., Girão, H., et al. (2020) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa155 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
An Update on Contraception in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Oguz, S. H., & Yildiz, B. O. (2021) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2021.958 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The role of miR-214 in cardiovascular diseases
Zhao, Y., Ponnusamy, M., Zhang, L. J., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Yu, W., Wang, K., & Li, P. (2017) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.009 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Polívka, J., Polívka, J., Pešta, M., Rohan, V., Čeledová, L., Mahajani, S., Topolčan, O., & Golubnitschaja, O. (2019) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-019-00162-5 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hormesis in Health and Chronic Diseases
Li, X., Yang, T., & Sun, Z. (2019) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.007 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Migraine and Ischemic Stroke in Women. A Narrative Review
Tietjen, G. E., & Maly, E. F. (2020) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13796 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
A stepped-care approach to symptomatic endometriosis management: A participatory research initiative
Vercellini, P., Donati, A., Ottolini, F., Frassineti, A., Fiorini, J., Nebuloni, V., Frattaruolo, M. P., Roberto, A., Mosconi, P., & Somigliana, E. (2018) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.037 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Azarchi, S., Bienenfeld, A., Sicco, K. L., Marchbein, S., Shapiro, J., & Nagler, A. R. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.061 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cauci, S., Xodo, S., Buligan, C., Colannino, C., Barbina, M., Barbina, G., & Francescato, M. P. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26041070 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk of gabapentin and pregabalin in patients with diabetic neuropathy
Pan, Y., Davis, P. B., Kaebler, D. C., Blankfield, R. P., & Xu, R. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01610-9 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Li, F., Zhu, L., Zhang, J., He, H., Qin, Y., Cheng, Y. Z., & Xie, Z. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00993 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Kimble, T., Burke, A. E., Barnhart, K. T., Archer, D. F., Colli, E., & Westhoff, C. L. (2020) · Contraception X · doi:10.1016/j.conx.2020.100020 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
No. 329-Canadian Contraception Consensus Part 4 of 4 Chapter 9: Combined Hormonal Contraception
Black, A., Guilbert, É., Costescu, D., Dunn, S., Fisher, W. A., Kives, S. L., Mirosh, M., Norman, W. V., Pymar, H. C., Reid, R. L., et al. (2017) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2016.10.005 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mulvagh, S. L., Mullen, K., Nerenberg, K. A., Kirkham, A. A., Green, C. R., Dhukai, A. R., Grewal, J., Hardy, M., Harvey, P., Ahmed, S. B., et al. (2021) · CJC Open · doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2021.09.013 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
de Melo, A. S., dos Reis, R. M., Ferriani, R. A., & Vieira, C. (2017) · Open Access Journal of Contraception · doi:10.2147/oajc.s85543 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Arisegi, S. A., Awosan, K. J., Oche, M. O., Sabir, A. A., & Ibrahim, M. T. (2018) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2018.29.63.13252 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Norethisterone and its acetate – what’s so special about them?
Huvinen, E., Holopainen, E., & Heikinheimo, O. (2020) · BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health · doi:10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200619 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Combined hormonal contraception use in reproductive-age women with contraindications to estrogen use
Lauring, J. R., Lehman, E. B., Deimling, T. A., Legro, R. S., & Chuang, C. H. (2016) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.047 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Stroke in women: When gender matters
Thomas, Q., Crespy, V., Duloquin, G., Ndiaye, M., Sauvant, M., Béjot, Y., & Giroud, M. (2021) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2021.01.012 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
CGRP and Brain Functioning: Cautions for Migraine Treatment
Borkum, J. (2019) · Headache · doi:10.1111/head.13591 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dou, W., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Huang, C., Huang, J., Xu, B., Yang, L., Liu, Y., Lei, X., Xu, L., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.123.030105 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Bencker, C., Gschwandtner, L. P., Nayman, S., Grikšienė, R., Nguyen, B., Nater, U. M., Guennoun, R., Poromaa, I. S., Pletzer, B. A., Bixo, M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101160 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Contraceptive care for Canadian youth
Meglio, G. D., Crowther, C., & Simms, J. (2018) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/pxx192 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Drug-drug interactions between psychotropic medications and oral contraceptives
Schoretsanitis, G., Deligiannidis, K., Paulzen, M., Spina, E., & de Leon, J. (2022) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1080/17425255.2022.2106214 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hormonal Contraceptives and Migraine With Aura—Is There Still a Risk?
Calhoun, A. H. (2016) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.12960 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Yonis, H. G. H., Løkkegaard, E., Kragholm, K. H., Granger, C. B., Møller, A. L., Mørch, L. S., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., & Meaidi, A. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-082801 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Thrombophilia Testing After Ischemic Stroke
Omran, S. S., Hartman, A., Zakai, N. A., & Navi, B. B. (2021) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.032360 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Influence of hormonal contraceptives and the occurrence of stroke: integrative review
Lima, A. C. S., Martins, L. C. G., Lopes, M. V. D. O., de Araújo, T. L., Lima, F. E. T., Aquino, P. D. S., & Moura, E. R. F. (2017) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0056 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sanders, B. D., Davis, M. G., Holley, S. L., & Phillippi, J. C. (2018) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12720 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Over-the-Counter Access to Hormonal Contraception
(2019) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000003473 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Increasing Burden of Stroke: The Dijon Stroke Registry (1987–2012)
Guéniat, J., Brenière, C., Graber, M., Garnier, L., Mohr, S., Giroud, M., Delpont, B., Blanc-Labarre, C., Durier, J., Giroud, M., et al. (2018) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000486397 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
How I treat unexplained arterial thrombosis
May, J. E., & Moll, S. (2020) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019000820 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Management of Non-criteria Manifestations in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Xourgia, E., & Tektonidou, M. G. (2020) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-020-00935-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk in patients with severe mental illness in Italy
Salvi, V., Aguglia, A., Barone‐Adesi, F., Bianchi, D., Donfrancesco, C., Dragogna, F., Palmieri, L., Serafini, G., Amore, M., & Mencacci, C. (2020) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.94 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Safety of contraceptive use among women with congenital heart disease: A systematic review
Abarbanell, G. L., Tepper, N. K., & Farr, S. L. (2019) · Congenital Heart Disease · doi:10.1111/chd.12752 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gynecologic Considerations for Adolescents and Young Women With Cardiac Conditions
(2020) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000004133 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Pistols, pills, pork and ploughs: the structure of technomoral revolutions
Hopster, J. K. G., Arora, C., Blunden, C., Eriksen, C. L., Frank, L. E., Hermann, J., Klenk, M., O’Neill, E., & Steinert, S. (2022) · Inquiry · doi:10.1080/0020174x.2022.2090434 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Forslund, M., Melin, J., Alesi, S., Piltonen, T., Romualdi, D., Tay, C. T., Witchel, S., Pena, A., Mousa, A., & Teede, H. (2023) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14913 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ge, S., Tao, X., Cai, L.-S., Deng, X., Hwang, M.-F., & Wang, C.-L. (2018) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1136/jim-2018-000750 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kim, C., Catov, J. M., Schreiner, P. J., Appiah, D., Wellons, M., Siscovick, D. S., Calderon‐Margalit, R., Huddleston, H. G., Ebong, I., & Lewis, C. E. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.028132 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Female Hormone Therapy and Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage From Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
Zuurbier, S. M., Santos, A. N., Flemming, K. D., Schmidt, B., Jabbarli, R., Lanzino, G. S., Sure, U., & Dammann, P. R. (2023) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000206888 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Between mind and heart: Sex-based cognitive bias in cardiovascular disease treatment
Kentner, A. C., & Grace, S. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.02.002 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Vaca, G. B., Marathe, J. G., Politch, J. A., Mausser, E., Pudney, J. A., Doud, J., Nador, E., Zeitlin, L., Pauly, M. H., Moench, T. R., et al. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103478 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kiconco, S., Teede, H. J., Earnest, A., Loxton, D. J., & Joham, A. E. (2021) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14640 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Chabbert‐Buffet, N., Marret, H., Agostini, A., Cardinale, C., Hamdaoui, N., Hassoun, D., Jonville‐Béra, A. ‐., Lambert, M., Linet, T., Pienkowski, C., et al. (2019) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.04.009 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Someeh, N., Mirfeizi, M., Jafarabadi, M. A., Alinia, S., Farzipoor, F., & Shamshirgaran, S. M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-45877-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
ERICA: cardiovascular risks associated with oral contraceptive use among Brazilian adolescents
Barros, B. D. S., Kuschnir, M. C. C., Kuschnir, F. C., & Jordão, É. A. D. O. C. (2021) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.03.006 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Progestin-only contraception and thrombosis: An updated systematic review
Tepper, N. K., Nguyen, A. T., Whiteman, M. K., & Curtis, K. M. (2025) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110978 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Contraception During Perimenopause: Practical Guidance
Grandi, G., Vinci, P. D., Sgandurra, A., Feliciello, L., Monari, F., & Facchinetti, F. (2022) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s288070 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Christensen, H., & Bushnell, C. (2020) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000836 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Use of Combined Oral Contraceptives in Perimenopausal Women
Cho, M. K. (2018) · Chonnam Medical Journal · doi:10.4068/cmj.2018.54.3.153 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Stroke Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in Transgender Adults
LaHue, S. C., Torres, D., Rosendale, N., & Singh, V. (2019) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/nrl.0000000000000226 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Løkkegaard, E. (2016) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/ebmed-2016-110500 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Jeong, S., Jeon, K. H., Jung, W., Yoo, J. E., Yoo, J., Han, K., Kim, J. Y., Lee, D., Lee, Y., & Shin, D. W. (2022) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwac265 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ortiz, A., Sanches, M., Abdelhack, M., Schwaiger, T. R., Wainberg, M., Tripathy, S. J., Felsky, D., Mulsant, B. H., & Fiedorowicz, J. G. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.048 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Contraception hormonale et risque vasculaire. RPC Contraception CNGOF
Plu‐Bureau, G., Sabbagh, E., & Hugon‐Rodin, J. (2018) · Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie · doi:10.1016/j.gofs.2018.10.007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
He, W., Dam, T. V., Thøgersen, R., Hansen, M., & Bertram, H. C. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac112 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ischemic stroke on hormonal contraceptives: Characteristics, mechanisms and outcome
Correia, P. N., Machado, S. B., Meyer, I. A., Amiguet, M., Eskandari, A., & Michel, P. (2021) · European Stroke Journal · doi:10.1177/23969873211019586 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Clinical Approach to Stroke in Young Adults
Stack, C. A., & Cole, J. W. (2021) · Exon Publications eBooks · doi:10.36255/exonpublications.stroke.adultstroke.2021 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The impact of female sex hormones on cardiovascular disease: from mechanisms to hormone therapy
Kan, Y., Peng, Y., Zhao, Z.-H., Dong, S., Xu, Y.-X., Ma, X., Liu, X., Liu, Y., & Yu-Jie, Z. H. O. U. (2024) · 老年心脏病学杂志：英文版 · doi:10.26599/1671-5411.2024.06.003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Risk Factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Young Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Siagian, S. N., Christianto, C., Angellia, P., & Holiyono, H. I. (2022) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573403x19666221116113208 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tian, R. L., Yuan, L., Huang, Y., Zhang, R., Lyu, H., Xiao, S., Guo, D. S., Ali, D. W., Michalak, M., Chen, X., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1053602 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Use of Hormone Replacement in Females with Endocrine Disorders
Christin‐Maître, S. (2017) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000457125 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Divišová, P., Šaňák, D., Kral, M., Bártková, A., Hutyra, M., Zapletalová, J., Dorňák, T., Špaček, M., Franc, D., Polidar, P., et al. (2020) · Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105046 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Analysis of Media Outlets on Women's Health: Thematic and Quantitative Analyses Using Twitter
Álvarez-Mon, M. Á., Donat‐Vargas, C., Llavero-Valero, M., Gea, A., Álvarez‐Mon, M., Martínez‐González, M. Á., & del Burgo, C. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.644284 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Andreenko, Е. Y., Yavelov, I. S., Loukianov, М. М., Vernohaeva, A. N., Drapkina, O. M., & Boytsov, S. A. (2018) · Kardiologiia · doi:10.18087/cardio.2018.11.10195 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lee, J., Jeong, H., Yoon, J. H., & Yim, H. W. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12410-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health – 2024
de Oliveira, G. M. M., de Almeida, M. C. C., Artucio, C., Espíndola, L. N., Rivera, M. A. M., Filho, A. L. D. S., Marques-Santos, C., Fernandes, C. E., Albuquerque, C. J. D. M., Freire, C. M. V., et al. (2024) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20240478i · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Biomarkers of vascular injury in relation to myocardial infarction risk: A population-based study
Pletsch‐Borba, L., Grafetstätter, M., Hüsing, A., Maldonado, S. G., Kloß, M., Groß, M.-L., Johnson, T., Sookthai, D., Bugert, P., Kaaks, R., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38259-y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gumbie, M., Parkinson, B., Cutler, H., Gauld, N. J., & Mumford, V. (2019) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-019-00804-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Risk Factors of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults: A Chinese Single-Center Study
Tang, M., Han, G., Yao, M., Peng, B., Zhu, Y., Zhou, L., & Ni, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.874770 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Do women aged over 40 need different counseling on combined hormonal contraception?
Mendoza, N., Soto, E., & Sánchez‐Borrego, R. (2016) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.02.008 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chang, B., Wira, C., Miller, J. B., Akhter, M., Barth, B., Willey, J., Nentwich, L., & Madsen, T. E. (2017) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13243 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Systemic hormonal contraception initiation after abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kim, C. R., Nguyen, A. T., Berry‐Bibee, E., Ermias, Y., Gaffield, M. E., & Kapp, N. (2021) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2021.01.017 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hormonal Contraception: Systemic Estrogen and Progestin Preparations.
Verma, N., Cwiak, C. A., & Kaunitz, A. M. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000634 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rahhal, A. A. A., Khir, F., Adam, M., Aljundi, A. H., Mohsen, M. K., & Al-Suwaidi, J. (2020) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-020-01462-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Turner, C. G., Stanhewicz, A. E., Nielsen, K. E., & Wong, B. J. (2022) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep090861 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lan, N. S. R., Bell, D. A., Watts, G. F., & Fegan, P. G. (2022) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000790 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A review of contraceptive methods for women with cardiac disease
Jakes, A. D., Coad, F., & Nelson‐Piercy, C. (2018) · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist · doi:10.1111/tog.12446 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Roach, R. E. J., Helmerhorst, F. M., Lijfering, W. M., Stijnen, T., Algra, A., & Dekkers, O. M.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-08-27
- Volume
- 2018
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- CD011054-CD011054
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- PMC
- PMC6494192
- OpenAlex
- W2160662478
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 186
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- combined oral contraceptives, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, arterial thrombosis, estrogen dose, progestogens, hormonal contraception, cardiovascular risk, young women, relative risk, estrogen-progestin combination, thrombosis risk stratification
- MeSH terms
- Contraceptives, Oral, Combined, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Myocardial Infarction, Progestins, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies, Risk Assessment, Stroke, Observational Studies as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
