Wearable Organic Optoelectronic Sensors for Medicine
Open accessAbstract
Organic optoelectronic devices that can be used to make compact, wearable sensors for medicine and sports are shown and two examples are given: a tissue-oxygenation sensor and a muscle-contraction sensor. It is demonstrated how the muscle-contraction sensor on a volunteer's arm can successfully control the robot arm.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The emergence of IC fabrication strategies, flexible electronics, device design, and e-garments has revolutionized the development of soft electronics and biological and chemical sensor technologies toward advancing sports medicine.
“The emergence of IC fabrication strategies, flexible electronics, device design, and e-garments has revolutionized the development of soft electronics and biological and chemical sensor technologies toward advancing sports medicine.123–127”
From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [125]
Myosin protein in muscle sarcomeres has liquid crystalline properties and is responsible for anisotropic behavior of muscles.
“The myosin protein in muscle sarcomeres has liquid crystalline properties and is responsible for the anisotropic behavior of muscles [39].”
From The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
A muscle contraction sensor has been developed to measure signals from intact muscles for robotics and prosthetics.
“A muscle contraction sensor has also been developed to measure signals from intact muscles, which can then be used in robotics and prosthetics [39].”
From The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic appliances on plastic
Forrest, S. R. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02498 · Cited by 5,186 · see citing works
Kim, D.-H., Lu, N., Ma, R., Kim, Y.-S., Kim, R.-H., Wang, S., Wu, J., Won, S. M., Tao, H., Islam, A., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206157 · Cited by 4,836 · see citing works
Li, G., Zhu, R., & Yang, Y. (2012) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.11 · Cited by 4,416 · see citing works
Liang, Y., Xu, Z., Xia, J., Tsai, S.-T., Wu, Y., Li, G., Ray, C., & Yu, L. (2010) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200903528 · Cited by 3,651 · see citing works
Highly sensitive flexible pressure sensors with microstructured rubber dielectric layers
Mannsfeld, S. C. B., Tee, B. C.-K., Stoltenberg, R. M., Chen, C. V. H.-H., Barman, S., Muir, B. V. O., Sokolov, A. N., Reese, C., & Bao, Z. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2834 · Cited by 3,291 · see citing works
A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection
Yamada, T., Hayamizu, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yomogida, Y., Izadi-Najafabadi, A., Futaba, D. N., & Hata, K. (2011) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.36 · Cited by 3,247 · see citing works
A wearable and highly sensitive pressure sensor with ultrathin gold nanowires
Gong, S., Schwalb, W., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Tang, Y., Si, J., Shirinzadeh, B., & Cheng, W. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4132 · Cited by 2,064 · see citing works
A flexible and highly sensitive strain-gauge sensor using reversible interlocking of nanofibres
Pang, C., Lee, G.-Y., Kim, T.-I., Kim, S. M., Kim, H. N., Ahn, S.-H., & Suh, K.-Y. (2012) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3380 · Cited by 1,695 · see citing works
Structural Changes in Muscle During Contraction: Interference Microscopy of Living Muscle Fibres
HUXLEY, A. F., & NIEDERGERKE, R. (1954) · Nature · doi:10.1038/173971a0 · Cited by 1,608 · see citing works
Nanowire active-matrix circuitry for low-voltage macroscale artificial skin
Takei, K., Takahashi, T., Ho, J. C., Ko, H., Gillies, A. G., Leu, P. W., Fearing, R. S., & Javey, A. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2835 · Cited by 1,274 · see citing works
In vivo recordings of brain activity using organic transistors
Khodagholy, D., Doublet, T., Quilichini, P., Gurfinkel, M., Leleux, P., Ghestem, A., Ismailova, E., Hervé, T., Sanaur, S., Bernard, C., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2573 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
Materials and Optimized Designs for Human‐Machine Interfaces Via Epidermal Electronics
Jeong, J., Yeo, W., Akhtar, A., Norton, J. J. S., Kwack, Y., Li, S., Jung, S., Su, Y., Lee, W., Xia, J., et al. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201301921 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes
Holman, R. R., Paul, S. K., Bethel, M. A., Neil, H. A. W., & Matthews, D. R. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806359 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Performance Comparison of Several Published Tissue Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Algorithms
Matcher, S. J., Elwell, C. E., Cooper, C. E., Cope, M., & Delpy, D. T. (1995) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1006/abio.1995.1252 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Ferrari, M., Muthalib, M., & Quaresima, V. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2011.0230 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Advances in wearable technology and applications in physical medicine and rehabilitation
Bonato, P. (2005) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-2-2 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Rational Design and Enhanced Biocompatibility of a Dry Adhesive Medical Skin Patch
Kwak, M. K., Jeong, H., & Suh, K. Y. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201101694 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) and OLED-based chemical and biological sensors: an overview
Shinar, J., & Shinar, R. (2008) · Journal of Physics D Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3727/41/13/133001 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
A hybrid bioorganic interface for neuronal photoactivation
Ghezzi, D., Antognazza, M. R., Maschio, M. D., Lanzarini, E., Benfenati, F., & Lanzani, G. (2011) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1164 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Near infrared monitoring of human skeletal muscle oxygenation during forearm ischemia
Hampson, N. B., & Piantadosi, C. A. (1988) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.64.6.2449 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
A Review of Approaches to Mobility Telemonitoring of the Elderly in Their Living Environment
Scanaill, C. N., Carew, S., Barralon, P., Noury, N., Lyons, D., & Lyons, G. M. (2006) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-005-9068-2 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Easy‐to‐Fabricate Conducting Polymer Microelectrode Arrays
Sessolo, M., Khodagholy, D., Rivnay, J., Maddalena, F., Gleyzes, M., Steidl, E., Buisson, B., & Malliaras, G. G. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201204322 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Towards a standard analysis for functional near-infrared imaging
Schroeter, M. L., Bücheler, M. M., Müller, K., Uludaǧ, K., Obrig, H., Lohmann, G., Tittgemeyer, M., Villringer, A., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.054 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Attili, S. K., Lesar, A. E., McNeill, A., Camacho-Lopez, M., Moseley, H., Ibbotson, S. H., Samuel, I. D. W., & Ferguson, J. (2009) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09096.x · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationProsthetic use and functional and social outcome following major lower limb amputation
Pohjolainen, T., Alaranta, H., & Kärkäinen, M. (1990) · Prosthetics and Orthotics International · doi:10.3109/03093649009080326 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Highly sensitive fluorescence detection system for microfluidic lab-on-a-chip
Ryu, G., Huang, J., Hofmann, O., Walshe, C. A., Sze, J. Y. Y., McClean, G. D., Mosley, A., Rattle, S. J., deMello, J. C., deMello, A. J., et al. (2011) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c0lc00586j · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Hofmann, O., Wang, X., de Mello, J. C., Bradley, D. D. C., & deMello, A. J. (2005) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/b504551g · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Vardi, M., & Nini, A. (2007) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.07.015 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
An EEG-based study of discrete isometric and isotonic human lower limb muscle contractions
Gwin, J. T., & Ferris, D. P. (2012) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-9-35 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Belau, M., Ninck, M., Hering, G. O., Spinelli, L., Contini, D., Torricelli, A. M., & Gisler, T. (2010) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.3503398 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Photophysical and charge-transporting properties of the copolymer SuperYellow
Gambino, S., Bansal, A. K., & Samuel, I. D. W. (2013) · Organic Electronics · doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2013.03.038 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationElectromyographic Analysis of Laryngeal Articular Reflexes
Kirchner, J. A., & Wyke, B. (1964) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2031243a0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Optical biosensors based on integrated polymer light source and polymer photodiode
Ramuz, M. P., Leuenberger, D., & Bürgi, L. (2010) · Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics · doi:10.1002/polb.22111 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Somanetics INVOS 3100 Cerebral Oximeter
Dujovny, M., Ausman, J. I., Stoddart, H. F., Slavin, K. V., Lewis, G. D., & Widman, R. A. (1995) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/00006123-199507000-00036 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
An electrooptical muscle contraction sensor
Chianura, A., & Giardini, M. E. (2010) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/s11517-010-0626-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Localised muscle tissue oxygenation during dynamic exercise with whole body vibration.
Robbins, D., Elwell, C. E., Jiménez, A., & Goss-Sampson, M. A. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Portable microcontroller-based instrument for near-infrared spectroscopy
Giardini, M., Corti, M., Lago, P., & Gelmetti, A. (2000) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.384910 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Is needle electromyography safe in patients on anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy?
Patwa, H. S. (2009) · Nature Clinical Practice Neurology · doi:10.1038/ncpneuro1005 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dynamics analysis and optimization for prosthesis based on drive energy consumption
Li, J., Li, W., Hu, H., Sha, H., & Sun, L. (2013) · IEEE International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engineering (NANOMED) · doi:10.1109/nanomed.2013.6766308 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 39
- R. R. Holman , S. K. Paul , M. A. Bethel , H. A. W. Neil , D. R. Matthews , New Engl. J. Med. 2008 , 359 , 1565 .
- P. Bonato , J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 2005 , 2 , 2 .
- C. N. Scanaill , S. Carew , P. Barralon , N. Noury , D. Lyons , G. M. Lyons , Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2006 , 34 , 547 .
- T. Yamada , Y. Hayamizu , Y. Yamamoto , Y. Yomogida , A. Izadi-Najafabadi , D. N. Futaba , K. Hata , Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011 , 6 , 296 .
- C. Pang , G.-Y. Lee , T.-i. Kim , S. M. Kim , H. N. Kim , S.-H. Ahn , K.-Y. Suh , Nat. Mater. 2012 , 11 , 795 ;
- M. K. Kwak , H.-E. Jeong , K. Y. Suh , Adv. Mater. 2011 , 23 , 3949 .
- D.-H. Kim , N. Lu , R. Ma , Y.-S. Kim , R.-H. Kim , S. Wang , J. Wu , S. M. Won , H. Tao , A. Islam , K. J. Yu , T.-i. Kim , R. Chowdhury , M. Ying , L. Xu , M. Li , H.-J. Chung , H. Keum , M. McCormick , P. Liu , Y.-W. Zhang , F. G. Omenetto , Y. Huang , T. Coleman , J. A. Rogers , Science 2011 , 333 , 838 .
- S. Gong , W. Schwalb , Y. Wang , Y. Chen , Y. Tang , J. Si , B. Shirinzadeh , W. Cheng , Nat. Commun. 2014 , 5 , 3132 .
- J.-W. Jeong , W.-H. Yeo , A. Akhtar , J. J. S. Norton , Y.-J. Kwack , S. Li , S.-Y. Jung , Y. Su , W. Lee , J. Xia , H. Cheng , Y. Huang , W.-S. Choi , T. Bretl , J. A. Rogers , Adv. Mater. 2013 , 25 , 6839 .
- S. R. Forrest , Nature 2004 , 428 , 911 .
- M. Sessolo , D. Khodagholy , J. Rivnay , F. Maddalena , M. Gleyzes , E. Steidl , B. Buisson , G. G. Malliaras , Adv. Mater. 2013 , 25 , 2135 .
- G. Li , R. Zhu , Y. Yang , Nat. Photonics 2012 , 6 , 153 .
- J. Shinar , R. Shinar , J. Phys. D.: Appl. Phys. 2008 , 41 , 133001 ;
- G. Ryu , J. Huang , O. Hofmann , C. A. Walshe , J. Y. Y. Sze , G. D. McClean , A. Mosley , S. J. Rattle , J. C. deMello , A. J. deMello , D. D. C. Bradley , Lab Chip 2011 , 11 , 1664 .
- O. Hofmann , X. H. Wang , J. C. deMello , D. D. C. Bradley , A. J. deMello , Lab Chip 2005 , 5 , 863 .
- M. Ramuz , D. Leuenberger , L. Buergi , J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2011 , 49 , 80 .
- K. Takei , T. Takahashi , J. C. Ho , H. Ko , A. G. Gillies , P. W. Leu , R. S. Fearing , A. Javey , Nat. Mater. 2010 , 9 , 821 ;
- S. C. B. Mannsfeld , B. C. K. Tee , R. M. Stoltenberg , C. V. H. H. Chen , S. Barman , B. V. O. Muir , A. N. Sokolov , C. Reese , Z. Bao , Nat. Mater. 2010 , 9 , 859 .
- D. Ghezzi , M. R. Antognazza , M. Dal Maschio , E. Lanzarini , F. Benfenati , G. Lanzani , Nat. Commun. 2011 , 2 , 166 .
- D. Khodagholy , T. Doublet , P. Quilichini , M. Gurfi nkel , P. Leleux , A. Ghestem , E. Ismailova , T. Herve , S. Sanaur , C. Bernard , G. G. Malliaras , Nat. Commun. 2013 , 4 , 1575 .
- S. K. Attili , A. Lesar , A. McNeill , M. Camacho-Lopez , H. Moseley , S. Ibbotson , I. D. W. Samuel , J. Ferguson , Brit. J. Dermatol. 2009 , 161 , 170 .
- A. Chianura , M. E. Giardini , Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 2010 , 48 , 731 .
- T. Pohjolainen , H. Alaranta , M. Karkkainen , Prosthetics Orthotics Int. 1990 , 14 , 75 .
- M. L. Schroeter , M. M. Bücheler , K. Müller , K. Uludag ˘ , H. Obrig , G. Lohmann , M. Tittgemeyer , A. Villringer , D. Y. von Cramon , Neu- roImage 2004 , 21 , 283 .
- D. Robbins , C. Elwell , A. Jimenez , M. Goss-Sampson , J. Sports Sci. Med. 2012 , 11 , 346 .
- M. Vardi , A. Nini , Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. 2008 , 35 , 68 .
- M. V. Wolkenstein , (General Biophysics) , Vol. 5.2
- A. F. Huxley , R. Niedergerke , Nature 1954 , 173 , 971 .
- Y. Liang , Z. Xu , J. Xia , S.-T. Tsai , Y. Wu , G. Li , C. Ray , L. Yu , Adv. Mater. 2010 , 22 , E135 .
- S. Gambino , A. K. Bansal , I. D. W. Samuel , Org. Electron. 2013 , 14 , 1980 .
- S. J. Matcher , C. E. Elwell , C. E. Cooper , M. Cope , D. T. Delpy , Anal. Biochem. 1995 , 227 , 54 .
- N. B. Hampson , C. A. Piantadosi , J. Appl. Physiol. 1988 , 64 , 2449 .
- L. Bazzotti , Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1999 , 39 , 421 .
- L. Juana , L. Weidab , H. Haiyanc , H. Sha , S. Lininge , presented at IEEE 7th International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engineering (NANOMED 2013), Phuket , Thailand November 2013 .
- M. Ferrari , M. Muthalib , V. Quaresima , Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 2011 , 369 , 4577 .
- M. E. Giardini , M. Corti , P. Lago , A. Gelmetti , Proc. SPIE Vol. 3911: Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems II , (Eds: T. Vo-Dinh , W. S. Grundfest , D. A. Benaron ), SPIE , Bellingham, USA, 2000 , 250 .
- J. A. Kirchner , B. Wyke , Nature 1964 , 203 , 1243 .
- H. S. Patwa , Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 2009 , 5 , 78 .
- M. Dujovny , J. I. Ausman , H. Stoddart , K. V. Slavin , G. D. Lewis , R. Widman , Neurosurgery 1995 , 37 , 160 .
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Monitoring of Vital Signs with Flexible and Wearable Medical Devices
Khan, Y., Ostfeld, A. E., Lochner, C. M., Pierre, A., & Arias, A. C. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201504366 · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Flexible Sensing Electronics for Wearable/Attachable Health Monitoring
Wang, X., Liu, Z., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201602790 · Cited by 1,083 · see citing works
Ultraflexible organic photonic skin
Yokota, T., Zalar, P., Kaltenbrunner, M., Jinno, H., Matsuhisa, N., Kitanosako, H., Tachibana, Y., Yukita, W., Koizumi, M., & Someya, T. (2016) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501856 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Organic Photodetectors for Next‐Generation Wearable Electronics
Chow, P. C. Y., & Someya, T. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201902045 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Haneef, H. F., Zeidell, A. M., & Jurchescu, O. D. (2019) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c9tc05695e · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Organic Bioelectronics: Bridging the Signaling Gap between Biology and Technology
Simon, D. T., Gabrielsson, E. O., Tybrandt, K., & Magnus Berggren, A. (2016) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00146 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Hong, Y. J., Jeong, H., Cho, K. W., Lu, N., & Kim, D. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201808247 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete
Seshadri, D. R., Li, R. T., Voos, J. E., Rowbottom, J. R., Alfes, C. M., Zorman, C. A., & Drummond, C. K. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0150-9 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
3D Printing of Transparent and Conductive Heterogeneous Hydrogel–Elastomer Systems
Tian, K., Bae, J., Bakarich, S. E., Yang, C., Gately, R. D., Spinks, G. M., Panhuis, M. I. H., Suo, Z., & Vlassak, J. J. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201604827 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Lin, S., Bai, X., Wang, H., Wang, H., Song, J., Huang, K., Wang, C., Wang, N., Li, B., Lei, M., et al. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201703238 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Yang, Z., & Dong, T. (2017) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s17020341 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Single Nanoparticle Detection Using Optical Microcavities
Zhi, Y., Yu, X., Gong, Q., Yang, L., & Xiao, Y. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201604920 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-Based Flexible Resistive Strain Sensors for Wearable Applications
Chen, J., Zheng, J., Gao, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Omisore, O. M., Wang, L., & Li, H. (2018) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app8030345 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Skin bioelectronics towards long-term, continuous health monitoring
Wang, Y., Haick, H., Guo, S., Wang, C., Lee, S., Yokota, T., & Someya, T. (2022) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d2cs00207h · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Xu, H., Liu, J., Zhang, J., Zhou, G., Luo, N., & Zhao, N. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201700975 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Recent Progress on Broadband Organic Photodetectors and their Applications
Zhao, Z., Xu, C., Niu, L., Zhang, X., & Zhang, F. (2020) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202000262 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Ling, H., Liu, S., Zheng, Z., & Yan, F. (2018) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.201800070 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
A flexible organic reflectance oximeter array
Khan, Y., Han, D., Pierre, A., Ting, J., Wang, X., Lochner, C. M., Bovo, G., Yaacobi-Gross, N., Newsome, C., Wilson, R., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1813053115 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Emerging Design and Characterization Guidelines for Polymer-Based Infrared Photodetectors
Wu, Z., Zhai, Y., Kim, H., Azoulay, J. D., & Ng, T. N. (2018) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00446 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
The design, fabrication, and applications of flexible biosensing devices
Xu, M., Obodo, D., & Yadavalli, V. K. (2018) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.019 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The 2023 wearable photoplethysmography roadmap
Charlton, P. H., Allen, J., Bailón, R., Baker, S., Behar, J. A., Chen, F., Clifford, G. D., Clifton, D. A., Davies, H. J., Ding, C., et al. (2023) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/acead2 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Khoshmanesh, F., Thurgood, P., Pirogova, E., Nahavandi, S., & Baratchi, S. (2021) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2020.112946 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Novel Graphene Foam Composite with Adjustable Sensitivity for Sensor Applications
Samad, Y. A., Li, Y., Alhassan, S. M., & Liao, K. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b01608 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Jie, J., Deng, W., Shang, Q., Wang, H., Wang, H., Chen, X., & Zhang, X. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201504206 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Emerging Biomedical Applications of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Murawski, C., & Gather, M. C. (2021) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.202100269 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Long‐Lived Flexible Displays Employing Efficient and Stable Inverted Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Fukagawa, H., Sasaki, T., Tsuzuki, T., Nakajima, Y., Takei, T., Motomura, G., Hasegawa, M., Morii, K., & Shimizu, T. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201706768 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Recent advances in organic sensors for health self-monitoring systems
Lee, Y. H., Kweon, O. Y., Kim, H., Yoo, J. H., Han, S. G., & Oh, J. H. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c8tc02230e · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Wearable Electronics Based on Stretchable Organic Semiconductors
Xu, X., Zhao, Y. J., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202206309 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Stretchable Organometal‐Halide‐Perovskite Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Li, Y., Chou, S., Huang, P., Xiao, C., Liu, X., Xie, Y., Zhao, F., Huang, Y., Feng, J., Zhong, H., et al. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201807516 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
A Piezoresistive Sensor to Measure Muscle Contraction and Mechanomyography
Esposito, D., Andreozzi, E., Fratini, A., Gargiulo, G. D., Savino, S., Niola, V., & Bifulco, P. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18082553 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Stretchable organic optoelectronic devices: Design of materials, structures, and applications
Lee, H., Jiang, Z., Yokota, T., Fukuda, K., Park, S., & Someya, T. (2021) · Materials Science and Engineering R Reports · doi:10.1016/j.mser.2021.100631 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Biointegrated Optoelectronic Devices
Xu, H., Yin, L., Liu, C., Sheng, X., & Zhao, N. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201800156 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Sun, L., Wang, J., Matsui, H., Lee, S., Wang, W., Guo, S., Chen, H., Fang, K., Ito, Y., Inoue, D., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adk9460 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables
Vavrinsky, E., Esfahani, N. E., Hausner, M., Kuzma, A., Rezo, V., Donoval, M., & Kosnacova, H. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12040217 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“The myosin protein in muscle sarcomeres has liquid crystalline properties and is responsible for the anisotropic behavior of muscles [39].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNear-Field Communication Sensors
Cao, Z., Chen, P., Ma, Z., Li, S., Gao, X., Wu, R., Pan, L., & Shi, Y. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19183947 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Choi, D. K., Kim, D. H., Lee, C. M., Hafeez, H., Sarker, S., Yang, J. S., Chae, H. J., Jeong, G., Choi, D. H., Kim, T. W., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23203-y · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Flexible Pressure Sensors for Biomedical Applications: From Ex Vivo to In Vivo
Li, L., Zheng, J., Chen, J., Luo, Z., Su, Y., Tang, W., Gao, X., Li, Y., Cao, C., Liu, Q., et al. (2020) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.202000743 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Flexible organic light-emitting diodes for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Lian, C., Piksa, M., Yoshida, K., Persheyev, S., Pawlik, K., Matczyszyn, K., & Samuel, I. D. W. (2019) · npj Flexible Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41528-019-0058-0 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citation245 MHz bandwidth organic light-emitting diodes used in a gigabit optical wireless data link
Yoshida, K., Manousiadis, P. P., Bian, R., Chen, Z., Murawski, C., Gather, M. C., Haas, H., Turnbull, G. A., & Samuel, I. D. W. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14880-2 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationToward biomaterial‐based implantable photonic devices
Humar, M., Kwok, S. J. J., Choi, M., Yetisen, A. K., Cho, S., & Yun, S. H. (2016) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2016-0003 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) Toward Flexible and Wearable Bioelectronics
Marquez, A. V., McEvoy, N., & Pakdel, A. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25225288 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes for optogenetic nerve stimulation
Kim, D., Yokota, T., Suzuki, T., Lee, S., Woo, T., Yukita, W., Koizumi, M., Tachibana, Y., Yawo, H., Onodera, H., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2007395117 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Fresta, E., Fernández‐Luna, V., Coto, P. B., & Costa, R. D. (2018) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201707011 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery: Past, present and future
Picard, F., Deakin, A. H., Riches, P. E., Deep, K., & Baines, J. (2019) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.08.005 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Pulse Oximetry Using Organic Optoelectronics under Ambient Light
Han, D., Khan, Y., Ting, J., Zhu, J. H., Combe, C. M. S., Wadsworth, A., McCulloch, I. A., & Arias, A. C. (2020) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.201901122 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Photodetectors based on two dimensional materials for biomedical application
Liu, S., Zhang, X., Gu, X., & Ming, D. (2019) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2019.111617 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Effect of thermal annealing Super Yellow emissive layer on efficiency of OLEDs
Burns, S., Macleod, J. M., Do, T. T., Sonar, P. M., & Yambem, S. D. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep40805 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Xu, X., Zuo, Y., Cai, S., Tao, X., Zhang, Z., Zhou, X., He, S., Fang, X., & Peng, H. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c8tc01183d · Cited by 74 · see citing works
High-Performance All-Polymer Photodetectors via a Thick Photoactive Layer Strategy
Zhong, Z., Li, K. C., Zhang, J., Ying, L., Xie, R., Yu, G., Huang, F., & Cao, Y. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b02092 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Reconfigurable Carbon Nanotube Multiplexed Sensing Devices
Xu, X., Clément, P., Eklӧf, J., Kelley‐Loughnane, N., Moth‐Poulsen, K., Chávez, J. L., & Palma, M. (2018) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00856 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
A Review on Solution-Processed Organic Phototransistors and Their Recent Developments
Tavasli, A., Gürünlü, B., Güntürkün, D., İşci, R., & Faraji, S. (2022) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics11030316 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Organic photodiodes: printing, coating, benchmarks, and applications
Strobel, N., Seiberlich, M., Eckstein, R., Lemmer, U., & Hernandez‐Sosa, G. (2019) · Flexible and Printed Electronics · doi:10.1088/2058-8585/ab56dd · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Functional Fibers, Composites and Textiles Utilizing Photothermal and Joule Heating
Park, J. (2020) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym12010189 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Combining Bioimpedance and EMG Measurements for Reliable Muscle Contraction Detection
Kusche, R., & Ryschka, M. (2019) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2936171 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Organic semiconductors for visible light communications
Manousiadis, P. P., Yoshida, K., Turnbull, G. A., & Samuel, I. D. W. (2020) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2019.0186 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationSchiff Bases and Their Complexes in Organic Light Emitting Diode Application
Kagatikar, S., & Sunil, D. (2021) · Journal of Electronic Materials · doi:10.1007/s11664-021-09197-9 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Organic optoelectronic interfaces with anomalous transient photocurrent
Hu, L., Liu, X., Dalgleish, S., Matsushita, M. M., Yoshikawa, H., & Awaga, K. (2015) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c5tc00414d · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Liu, H., Zhao, H., Li, S., Hu, J., Zheng, X., Li, R., Chen, Y., & Su, Y. (2018) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.201800327 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Intelligent fibers and textiles for wearable biosensors
Fu, W., Yu, B., Ji, D., Zhou, Z., Li, X., Wang, R., Lu, W., Sun, Y., & Dai, Y. (2024) · Responsive materials · doi:10.1002/rpm.20240018 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Eckstein, R., Rödlmeier, T., Glaser, T., Valouch, S., Mauer, R., Lemmer, U., & Hernandez‐Sosa, G. (2015) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.201500101 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Nanostructured Organic/Hybrid Materials and Components in Miniaturized Optical and Chemical Sensors
Prosa, M., Bolognesi, M., Fornasari, L., Grasso, G., Lopez‐Sanchez, L., Marabelli, F., & Toffanin, S. (2020) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano10030480 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Recent innovations in artificial skin
Low, Z. W. K., Li, Z., Owh, C., Chee, P. L., Ye, E., Kai, D., Chan, S. Y., Young, D. J., & Loh, X. J. (2019) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c9bm01445d · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Wearable, Luminescent Oxygen Sensor for Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitoring
Lim, C.-J., Lee, S., Kim, J., Kil, H.-J., Kim, Y.-C., & Park, J. (2018) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.8b13276 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Kim, J., Park, J., Jeong, U., & Park, J. (2016) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.43830 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Fast Organic Near-Infrared Photodetectors Based on Charge-Transfer Absorption
Ullbrich, S., Siegmund, B., Mischok, A., Hofacker, A., Benduhn, J., Spoltore, D., & Vandewal, K. (2017) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02571 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Saotome, S., Suenaga, K., Tanaka, K., & Chujo, Y. (2020) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/c9qm00719a · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Organic photodetectors: materials, device, and challenges
Zhang, X., Jiang, J., Feng, B., Song, H., & Shen, L. (2023) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/d3tc02028b · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Smart Organic Materials with Acidochromic Properties
Sachdeva, T., Gupta, S., & Milton, M. D. (2020) · Current Organic Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1385272824999200729132853 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Georgiadou, D. G., Lin, Y., Lim, J., Ratnasingham, S. R., McLachlan, M. A., Snaith, H. J., & Anthopoulos, T. D. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201901371 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Stretchable Inorganic LED Displays with Double-Layer Modular Design for High Fill Factor
Kim, N., Kim, J., Seo, J., Hong, C., & Lee, J. (2022) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c23160 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Liao, X., Wang, W., Lin, M., Li, M., Wu, H., & Zheng, Y. (2018) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/c8mh00680f · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Shukla, A., McGregor, S. K. M., Wawrzinek, R., Saggar, S., Moore, E. G., Lo, S., & Namdas, E. B. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202009817 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Perovskite photodetectors for flexible electronics: Recent advances and perspectives
Wang, Y., Li, D., Chao, L., Niu, T., Chen, Y., & Huang, W. (2022) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101509 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Wearable technology for baby monitoring: a review
Hasan, M. N. U., & Negulescu, I. I. (2020) · Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology · doi:10.15406/jteft.2020.06.00239 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ahmed, S. R., Mogus, J., Chand, R., Nagy, É., & Neethirajan, S. R. (2017) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.028 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Oh, J., Heo, J., & Kim, T. H. (2018) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2018.04.048 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Research and Application Progress of Intelligent Wearable Devices
Liu, F., Han, J., Qi, J., Zhang, Y., Yu, J., Li, W., Dong, L. R., Chen, L., & Li, B. (2021) · Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60076-7 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Recent advances in organic optoelectronic devices for biomedical applications
Chen, Z., Obaid, S. N., & Lu, L. (2019) · Optical Materials Express · doi:10.1364/ome.9.003843 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Accurate Efficiency Measurements of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes via Angle‐Resolved Spectroscopy
Archer, E., Hillebrandt, S. G. H., Keum, C., Murawski, C., Murawski, J., Tenopala‐Carmona, F., & Gather, M. C. (2020) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.202000838 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Light extraction from organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)
Shinar, R., & Shinar, J. (2022) · Journal of Physics Photonics · doi:10.1088/2515-7647/ac6ea4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Zhang, C., & Zhao, Y. S. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202415856 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Kim, H.-J., Kang, T., Ahn, J., Han, H., Park, S., Kim, S. J., Park, M., Paik, S.-H., Hwang, D. K., Yi, H., et al. (2020) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c07143 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Huang, F., Li, Y., Xia, H., Zhang, J., Xu, K., Peng, Y., & Liu, G. (2017) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.03.091 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Stimuli-responsive luminochromic polymers consisting of multi-state emissive fused boron ketoiminate
Suenaga, K., Uemura, K., Tanaka, K., & Chujo, Y. (2020) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9py01733j · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Yang, M., Yin, B., Wu, B., Liu, G., Jeong, S., Zhang, Y., Yang, C., He, Z., Huang, F., et al. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c15365 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mondal, A., Yadav, P. V. K., & Reddy, Y. A. K. (2022) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.105094 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Charge carrier trapping in organic semiconductors: Origins, impact and strategies for mitigation
Nasir, F. H. A., & Woon, K. L. (2024) · Synthetic Metals · doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117661 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effect of high thermal stress on the organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) performances
Azrain, M. M., Mansor, M. R., Omar, G., Fadzullah, S. H. S. M., Esa, S. R., Lim, L. M., Malingam, S. D., & Nordin, M. N. A. (2018) · Synthetic Metals · doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.12.008 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Smart Sensing Systems Using Wearable Optoelectronics
Ku, M., Hwang, J. C., Oh, B., & Park, J. (2020) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.201900144 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Zeidell, A. M., Ren, T., Filston, D. S., Iqbal, H. F., Holland, E. K., Bourland, J. D., Anthony, J. E., & Jurchescu, O. D. (2020) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202001522 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Flexible optoelectronic sensors: status and prospects
Wang, Z., & Shen, G. (2023) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/d2qm01319c · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wearable Label‐Free Optical Biodetectors: Progress and Perspectives
Dhanabalan, S. S., Sriram, S., Walia, S., Avaninathan, S. R., Carrasco, M. F., & Bhaskaran, M. C. (2020) · Advanced Photonics Research · doi:10.1002/adpr.202000076 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors in a Smart‐Integrated System for Plasmonic‐Based Sensing
Prosa, M., Benvenuti, E., Kallweit, D., Pellacani, P., Toerker, M., Bolognesi, M., Lopez‐Sanchez, L., Ragona, V., Marabelli, F., & Toffanin, S. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202104927 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Trung, T. Q., Kim, C., Lee, H., Cho, S., & Lee, N. (2020) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.201900995 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Narrowband Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes for Fluorescence Microscopy and Calcium Imaging
Murawski, C., Mischok, A., Booth, J. H. H., Kumar, J. D., Archer, E., Tropf, L., Keum, C., Deng, Y., Yoshida, K., Samuel, I. D. W., et al. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201903599 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationInnovations in phosphate phosphors: Bridging structure-property gaps for enhanced luminescence
Pan, X., Jian, Y., An, N., Xie, R., Ke, S., Li, Z., Wang, H., Lin, C., Zhuang, Y., Zhou, J., et al. (2025) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216407 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Advanced flexible organic near-infrared photodetectors for sensing applications
Wang, Z., Tang, Y., Gao, M., Han, J., & Zhu, F. (2025) · Wearable electronics. · doi:10.1016/j.wees.2025.04.002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Organic Optoelectronic Diodes as Tactile Sensors for Soft-Touch Applications
Kielar, M., Hamid, T., Wu, L., Windels, F., Sah, P., & Pandey, A. K. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b04671 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Integrated Soft Optoelectronics for Wearable Health Monitoring
Biswas, S., Shao, Y., Hachisu, T., Nguyen-Dang, T., & Visell, Y. (2020) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202000347 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dual-color emissive OLED with orthogonal polarization modes
Chen, R., Liang, N., & Zhai, T. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45311-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bansal, A. K., Hou, S., Kulyk, O., Bowman, E. M., & Samuel, I. D. W.
- Affiliations
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Samuel, Ifor D. W.
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-12-09
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 7638-7644
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W2059454166
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 6.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/J01771X/1, EP/J01771X/)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
- Keywords
- wearable sensors, organic optoelectronic devices, bioelectronics, robotic arm control, sports monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Electronics, Humans, Luminescent Measurements, Male, Monte Carlo Method, Muscle Contraction, Oxyhemoglobins, Fullerenes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review