Adrenarche and the evolution of human life history

Campbell, Benjamin

doi:10.1002/ajhb.20528

Cited by 150Evolutionary Psychology and Human BehaviorHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesPrimate Behavior and Ecology

Adrenarche and the evolution of human life history

Campbell, Benjamin·2006·American Journal of Human Biology

DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20528

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Abstract

Adrenarche, the prepubertal onset of adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), is a distinctive aspect of the human life course. Yet its evolutionary origins remain unexplained. Production of DHEAS is associated with the development of the zona reticularis, a novel histological layer within the adrenal gland, derived from the fetal adrenal gland, and associated with primates more generally. Evidence that DHEAS is a neurosteroid, together with the fact that increases in DHEAS parallel patterns of cortical maturation from approximately age 6 years to the mid‐20s, suggests that DHEAS may play an important role in extended brain maturation among humans. DHEAS has demonstrated effects on mood in humans, and acts at neuron receptor sites. I suggest three ways in which DHEAS may play a role in human brain maturation: 1) increasing activity of the amgydala; 2) increasing activity of the hippocampus; and 3) promoting synaptogenesis within the cortex. I propose that associated changes in fearfulness and anxiety, and memory, could act to increase social interaction with nonfamiliar individuals and shape cognitive development. Comparison with the African apes suggests that the timing of adrenarche in chimpanzees may be similar to that in humans, though the full course of age‐related changes in DHEAS and their relationship to reproductive and brain maturation are not clear. The role of DHEAS as a physiological mechanism supporting increased brain development, extended life span, and decreased sexual dimorphism is most compatible with Kaplan et al.'s(2000)theory of the evolution of human life history and intergenerational transfers. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:569–589, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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DHEAS may increase neural plasticity through its role as a synaptic modulator.
“DHEAS may also increase neural plasticity thanks to its role as a synaptic modulator”
From The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity (2011) · cites this paper as Campbell, 2006
Adrenal androgens can affect brain function and maturation more strongly than they affect bodily development.
“Adrenal androgens, however, can have stronger effects on brain functioning and maturation.”
From The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity (2011) · cites this paper as Campbell, 2006
DHEAS acting at sex-steroid receptors may reduce fear and anxiety in social interactions.
“the action of DHEAS at sex-steroid receptors may reduce fear and anxiety in social interactions”
From The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity (2011) · cites this paper as Campbell, 2006
DHEAS acting at sex-steroid receptors may improve memory by modulating neural activity in the amygdala and hippocampus.
“improve memory by modulating neural activity in the amygdala and the hippocampus”
From The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity (2011) · cites this paper as Campbell, 2006
Despite the fact that the human juvenile and adult periods are longer than that of the chimpanzee and that human infants are larger than chimpanzee infants at birth, hunter-gatherer women characteristically have higher fertility than chimpanzee females.
“Despite the fact that the human juvenile (including emerging adulthood) and adult periods are longer than that of the chimpanzee and that human infants are larger than chimpanzee infants at birth, hunter-gatherer women characteristically have higher fertility than chimpanzee females (69).”
From Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage (2020) · cites this paper as [69]

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Authors: Campbell, B.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Corresponding author: Campbell, Benjamin
ORCID: Campbell, Benjamin
Venue: American Journal of Human Biology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-08-17
Volume: 18
Issue: 5
Pages: 569-589
ISSN: 1042-0533 (ISSN-L)
1520-6300
DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20528
OpenAlex: W2169287605
Cited by: 150
References: 173
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 5.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Human Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords: adrenarche, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, zona reticularis, brain maturation, neurosteroids, amygdala, hippocampus, synaptogenesis, fear and anxiety, memory, social interaction, chimpanzees, sexual dimorphism, intergenerational transfers
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Biological Evolution, Humans, Longevity, Memory, Sex Characteristics, Hominidae, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, Adrenarche

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Adrenarche and the evolution of human life history

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