Adolescent sleep patterns in humans and laboratory animals
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This article is part of a Special Issue "Puberty and Adolescence". One of the defining characteristics of adolescence in humans is a large shift in the timing and structure of sleep. Some of these changes are easily observable at the behavioral level, such as a shift in sleep patterns from a relatively morning to a relatively evening chronotype. However, there are equally large changes in the underlying architecture of sleep, including a >60% decrease in slow brain wave activity, which may reflect cortical pruning. In this review we examine the developmental forces driving adolescent sleep patterns using a cross-species comparison. We find that behavioral and physiological sleep parameters change during adolescence in non-human mammalian species, ranging from primates to rodents, in a manner that is often hormone-dependent. However, the overt appearance of these changes is species-specific, with polyphasic sleepers, such as rodents, showing a phase-advance in sleep timing and consolidation of daily sleep/wake rhythms. Using the classic two-process model of sleep regulation, we demonstrate via a series of simulations that many of the species-specific characteristics of adolescent sleep patterns can be explained by a universal decrease in the build-up and dissipation of sleep pressure. Moreover, and counterintuitively, we find that these changes do not necessitate a large decrease in overall sleep need, fitting the adolescent sleep literature. We compare these results to our previous review detailing evidence for adolescent changes in the regulation of sleep by the circadian timekeeping system (Hagenauer and Lee, 2012), and suggest that both processes may be responsible for adolescent sleep patterns.
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At the onset of puberty, sleep-wake cycles and melatonin rhythms start to phase delay, a shift that is dependent on the presence of gonadal hormones and coincides with sexual maturity.
“At the onset of puberty, sleep–wake cycles and melatonin rhythms start to phase delay141 — a shift that is dependent on the presence of gonadal hormones, and that coincides with sexual maturity142,143.”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [143]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan
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- Authors
- Hagenauer, M. H., & Lee, T. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hagenauer, Megan Hastings
- Venue
- Hormones and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 270-279
- ISSN
- 0018-506X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4780325
- OpenAlex
- W2084610304
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Hormones and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK071212)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- adolescent sleep, sleep timing, sleep architecture, slow-wave activity, puberty, cross-species comparison, polyphasic sleep, sleep pressure, circadian timekeeping, sleep hormones, sleep need, rodents, primates
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Animals, Animals, Laboratory, Homeostasis, Humans, Puberty, Sexual Maturation, Sleep
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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