Associations of loneliness with risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia in the Framingham Heart Study
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Introduction: The relationship between persistent loneliness and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. We examined the relationship between different types of mid‐life loneliness and the development of dementia and AD. Methods: Loneliness was assessed in cognitively normal adults using one item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We defined loneliness as no loneliness, transient loneliness, incident loneliness,or persistent loneliness, and applied Cox regression models and Kaplan‐Meier plots with dementia and AD as outcomes (n = 2880). Results: After adjusting for demographics, social network, physical health, and apolipoprotein E ε4, persistent loneliness was associated with higher (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–2.90; P < .01), and transient loneliness with lower (HR, 0.34; 95% CI 0.14–0.84; P < .05), risk of dementia onset, compared to no loneliness. Results were similar for AD risk. Discussion: Persistent loneliness in mid‐life is an independent risk factor for dementia and AD, whereas recovery from loneliness suggests resilience to dementia risk.
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A Genetically Informed Longitudinal Study of Loneliness and Dementia Risk in Older Adults
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Relationship between TyG trajectories and Alzheimer’s disease: data from the Framingham Heart Study
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Predictors of loneliness onset and maintenance in European older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Loneliness among Older People Exacerbated by the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Impacts of loneliness and social isolation on healthy longevity in older adults
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Randolph, J. J., Lacritz, L. H., Colvin, M. K., Espe‐Pfeifer, P., Carter, K. R., Arnett, P. A., Fox‐Fuller, J. T., Aduen, P. A., Cullum, C. M., & Sperling, S. A. (2023) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acad078 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Associations between mid‐life social relationships and the risk of incident dementia: The ARIC study
Groechel, R. C., Liu, A. C., Lutsey, P. L., Palta, P., Kucharska‐Newton, A., Koton, S., Sharrett, A. R., Gross, A. L., Walker, K. A., & Gottesman, R. F. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70365 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Future Directions in Addressing Loneliness Among Older Adults
Cruwys, T. (2023) · Advances in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health · doi:10.1016/j.ypsc.2023.03.008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Suboptimal Social Networks and Postoperative Delirium: The PNDABLE Study
Tang, X., Yv, H., Fei, W., Wang, J., Liu, S., Wu, X., Dong, R., Lin, X., Wang, B., & Bi, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.851368 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Loneliness, Dementia Status, and Their Association with All-Cause Mortality Among Older US Adults
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Loneliness and cognitive aging: a brain-heart axis perspective on a modifiable risk
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Investigating relationships between loneliness, social isolation and health
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Venegas, J. J., Weisz, J. M., Choi, C. Y., Herringshaw, R. E., Nabelsi, O. A., & Liang, N. (2025) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.70184 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Oxytocin Puzzle: Unlocking Alzheimer’s Disease
Sellés, M. C., & Oliveira, M. M. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-231127 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Using Art and Technology to Reduce Loneliness and Bridge the Age Divide: A Qualitative Study
Lokon, E., Mehrotra, V., Murali, S., & Oakman, R. (2024) · Journal of Intergenerational Relationships · doi:10.1080/15350770.2024.2307983 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Temporal trends in mental health terminology in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials
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Loneliness, social isolation, depression and cognitive functions in older adults
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THE MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LONELINESS AND SOCIAL ISOLATION IN OLD AGE (literature review)
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Perceptions of a ‘Pelvic-Floor Friendly’ Group Exercise Class in Women with Urinary Incontinence
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Lost in Thought or Just Lonely? Everyday Cognitive Competence in Middle Adulthood
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Cumulative loneliness and memory function among U.S. older adults: the role of depressive symptoms
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Loneliness trajectories and dementia risk: Insights from the HUNT cohort study
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Loneliness: An Existential and Public Health Issue
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Ikesu, R., Wu, Y. Y., Rojas‐Saunero, L. P., Nianogo, R. A., Torres, J. M., Kotwal, A., Ramirez, C. M., Tsugawa, Y., & Mayeda, E. R. (2026) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwag044 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The association between loneliness, cognition, and dementia among US older adults
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Loneliness Modulates Inflammation to Affect the Neurocognitive Function of Older Adults
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- Authors
- Akhter‐Khan, S. C., Tao, Q., Ang, T. F. A., Itchapurapu, I. S., Alosco, M. L., Mez, J., Piers, R. J., Steffens, D. C., Au, R., & Qiu, W. Q.
- Affiliations
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Framingham Heart Study (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- Qiu, Wei Qiao
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-03-24
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1619-1627
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC8460688
- OpenAlex
- W3137696920
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 15.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc25195-41-0-1)
- National Institute on Aging (K24AG050842, K23AG022476, R01AG049899, P30AG013846, R01AG059424, P30AG072978)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-025195)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS017950)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- loneliness
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Female, Humans, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Risk Factors, Healthy Volunteers
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