The emotion dysregulation inventory: Psychometric properties and item response theory calibration in an autism spectrum disorder sample

Mazefsky, Carla A.; Yu, Lan; White, Susan W.; Siegel, Matthew; Pilkonis, Paul A.

doi:10.1002/aur.1947

Cited by 169Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchPsychometric Methodologies and TestingChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The emotion dysregulation inventory: Psychometric properties and item response theory calibration in an autism spectrum disorder sample

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Mazefsky, Carla A., Yu, Lan, White, Susan W., Siegel, Matthew, Pilkonis, Paul A.·2018·Autism Research

DOI 10.1002/aur.1947PMC PMC6026073

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Abstract

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with prominent emotion dysregulation that requires treatment but can be difficult to measure. The Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) was created using methods developed by the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS ® ) to capture observable indicators of poor emotion regulation. Caregivers of 1,755 youth with ASD completed 66 candidate EDI items, and the final 30 items were selected based on classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) analyses. The analyses identified two factors: (a) Reactivity, characterized by intense, rapidly escalating, sustained, and poorly regulated negative emotional reactions, and (b) Dysphoria, characterized by anhedonia, sadness, and nervousness. The final items did not show differential item functioning (DIF) based on gender, age, intellectual ability, or verbal ability. Because the final items were calibrated using IRT, even a small number of items offers high precision, minimizing respondent burden. IRT co‐calibration of the EDI with related measures demonstrated its superiority in assessing the severity of emotion dysregulation with as few as seven items. Validity of the EDI was supported by expert review, its association with related constructs (e.g., anxiety and depression symptoms, aggression), higher scores in psychiatric inpatients with ASD compared to a community ASD sample, and demonstration of test‐retest stability and sensitivity to change. In sum, the EDI provides an efficient and sensitive method to measure emotion dysregulation for clinical assessment, monitoring, and research in youth with ASD of any level of cognitive or verbal ability. Autism Res 2018, 11: 928–941 . © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary: This paper describes a new measure of poor emotional control called the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI). Caregivers of 1,755 youth with ASD completed candidate items, and advanced statistical techniques were applied to identify the best final items. The EDI is unique because it captures common emotional problems in ASD and is appropriate for both nonverbal and verbal youth. It is an efficient and sensitive measure for use in clinical assessments, monitoring, and research with youth with ASD.

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Caregiver-report and self-report measures were used to assess target mechanisms and clinical outcomes and may be subject to bias.
“Fourth, caregiver-report and self-report measures were used to assess target mechanisms and clinical outcomes and may be subject to bias (Mazefsky et al., 2018).”
From Community-guided, autism-adapted group cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in autistic youth (CBT-DAY): Preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy (2024) · cites this paper as Mazefsky et al., 2018
The Introduction (Development of the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory) identifies the EDI as a caregiver-report measure, and the Methods (Procedures) say caregivers completed it during the study. The paper discusses limits on self-report for people with significant intellectual disability, but these passages do not establish that caregiver- and self-report measures were both used to assess target mechanisms and clinical outcomes or that those measures were subject to bias. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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A Data-Driven Approach in an Unbiased Sample Reveals Equivalent Sex Ratio of Autism Spectrum Disorder–Associated Impairment in Early Childhood
Burrows, C. A., Grzadzinski, R., Donovan, K., Stallworthy, I. C., Rutsohn, J., John, T. S., Marrus, N. M., Parish‐Morris, J., MacIntyre, L., Hampton, J., et al. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.027 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Emotional dysregulation as a part of the autism spectrum continuum: a literature review from late childhood to adulthood
Dell’Osso, L., Massoni, L., Battaglini, S., De Felice, C., Nardi, B., Amatori, G., Cremone, I. M., & Carpita, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1234518 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Those include the Emotion Dysegulation Inventory (EDI), that consists of 66 items, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), that takes into account irritability, lethargy/social withdrawal, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity and inappropriate speech, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), that includes four domains:…”
Background
Evidence Base Update for Questionnaires of Emotion Regulation and Reactivity for Children and Adolescents
Mazefsky, C. A., Conner, C. M., Breitenfeldt, K. E., Leezenbaum, N. B., Chen, Q., Bylsma, L. M., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1955372 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
Understanding, Assessing, and Intervening with Emotion Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Keluskar, J. L., Reicher, D., Gorecki, A., Mazefsky, C. A., & Crowell, J. A. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.013 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
Emotion Regulation Intensive Outpatient Programming: Development, Feasibility, and Acceptability
Shaffer, R. C., Wink, L. K., Ruberg, J. R., Pittenger, A., Adams, R. E., Sorter, M. T., Manning, P., & Erickson, C. A. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3727-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Feasibility and Estimated Effects
Beck, K. B., Greco, C. M., Terhorst, L. A., Skidmore, E. R., Kulzer, J. L., & McCue, M. P. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01345-2 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Regulating Together: Emotion Dysregulation Group Treatment for ASD Youth and Their Caregivers
Shaffer, R. C., Schmitt, L., Reisinger, D. L., Coffman, M. C., Horn, P. S., Goodwin, M. S., Mazefsky, C. A., Randall, S., & Erickson, C. A. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05461-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gender Differences in Emotion Dysregulation in an Autism Inpatient Psychiatric Sample
Wieckowski, A. T., Luallin, S., Pan, Z., Righi, G., Gabriels, R. L., & Mazefsky, C. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2295 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric symptoms in minimally verbal children and adolescents with ASD
Plesa Skwerer, D., Joseph, R. M., Eggleston, B., Meyer, S. R., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00043 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A preliminary psychometric analysis of the difficulties with emotion regulation scale (DERS) among autistic adolescents and adults: factor structure, reliability, and validity
McVey, A. J., Schiltz, H. K., Coffman, M., Antezana, L., & Magnus, B. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05018-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Systematic Review: Questionnaire-Based Measurement of Emotion Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents
Freitag, G. F., Grassie, H. L., Jeong, A., Mallidi, A., Comer, J. S., Ehrenreich, J. T., & Brotman, M. A. (2022) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.866 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Resting heart rate variability and emotion dysregulation in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Chiu, H. T., Ip, I. N., Ching, F. N. Y., Wong, B. P.-H., Lui, W.-H., Tse, C.-S., & Wong, S. W. H. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05847-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Investigating the factor structure of the child behavior checklist dysregulation profile in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Keefer, A. J., Singh, V., Kalb, L. G., Mazefsky, C. A., & Vasa, R. A. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2233 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citation
A lack of efficacy of continuous theta burst stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism: A double blind randomized sham‐controlled trial
Ni, H., Chen, Y., Chao, Y., Wu, C., Chen, R., Chou, T., Gau, S. S., & Lin, H. (2023) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2954 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Predictors of Satisfaction with Autism Treatment Services During COVID-19
Ferguson, E. F., Jimenez-Muñoz, M., Feerst, H., & Vernon, T. W. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05232-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Measurement matters: A commentary on the state of the science on patient reported outcome measures ( PROMs ) in autism research
Schiltz, H. K., Williams, Z. J., Zheng, S., Kaplan‐Kahn, E. A., Morton, H. E., Rosenau, K. A., Nicolaidis, C., Sturm, A., Lord, C., & PROMnet, A. (2024) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3114 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Severe End of the Spectrum: Insights and Opportunities from the Autism Inpatient Collection (AIC)
Siegel, M. S. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3731-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
Wearable Technology for Signal Acquisition and Interactive Feedback in Autism Spectrum Disorder Intervention: A Review
Gao, X., Yin, L., Tian, S., Huang, Y., & Ji, Q. (2024) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2024.3374762 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“The World’s Really Not Set Up for the Neurodivergent Person”: Understanding Emotion Dysregulation from the Perspective of Autistic Adults
Beck, K. B., MacKenzie, K. T., Kumar, T., Breitenfeldt, K. E., Chang, J. C., Conner, C. M., Mandell, D. L., White, S. W., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2024) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2023.0214 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measurement of Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents
Althoff, R. R., & Ametti, M. R. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Parenting Strategies Used by Parents of Children with ASD: Differential Links with Child Problem Behaviour
O’Nions, E., Ceulemans, E., Happe, F. G. E., Benson, P. R., Evers, K., & Noens, I. L. J. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04219-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Internal Structure of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Irritability Subscale: Implications for Studies of Irritability in Treatment-Seeking Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Stoddard, J., Zik, J. B., Mazefsky, C. A., Dechant, B., & Gabriels, R. L. (2019) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.09.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Predictors of Severity and Change in Emotion Dysregulation among Children and Adolescents with ASD
Northrup, J. B., Patterson, M. T., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1955369 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Transdiagnostic Relevance of Self-Other Distinction to Psychiatry Spans Emotional, Cognitive and Motor Domains
Eddy, C. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.797952 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Stepped Transition to Employment and Postsecondary Education Success (STEPS) for Adolescents and Adults with Autism: Community Implementation Pilot Trial
White, S. W., Brewe, A. M., & Powell, N. P. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/70137 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mapping the time course of overt emotion dysregulation, self‐injurious behavior, and aggression in psychiatrically hospitalized autistic youth: A naturalistic study
Northrup, J. B., Goodwin, M. S., Peura, C. B., Chen, Q., Taylor, B. J., Siegel, M. S., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2022) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2773 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Elopement Patterns and Caregiver Strategies
Andersen, A. M., Law, K., Marvin, A. R., & Lipkin, P. H. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-03961-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Upsetting experiences in the lives of neurodivergent young people: A qualitative analysis of accounts of adolescents diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or autism
Pavlopoulou, G., Chandler, S., Lukito, S., Kakoulidou, M., Jackson, I., Ly, E., Matejko, M., Balwani, B., Boyens, T., Poulton, D., et al. (2025) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.70038 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Community-guided, autism-adapted group cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in autistic youth (CBT-DAY): Preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy
Schwartzman, J. M., Roth, M. C., Paterson, A. V., Jacobs, A. X., & Williams, Z. J. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231213543 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Two measures were administered at all timepoints to assess changes in the intervention mechanisms of emotional reactivity and self-esteem: the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory-Reactivity Short Form (EDI Reactivity; Mazefsky et al., 2018) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965).”
Method
The role of emotion dysregulation and intolerance of uncertainty in autism: Transdiagnostic factors influencing co-occurring conditions
Conner, C. M., Kim, P. S., White, S. W., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2022) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104332 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
A PROMIS®ing New Measure for Quantifying Emotion Dysregulation in Toddlers and Preschoolers: Development of the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory-Young Child
Day, T. N., Northrup, J. B., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05536-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
“There is No Help:” Caregiver Perspectives on Service Needs for Adolescents and Adults with Profound Autism
Ferguson, E. F., Barnett, M. L., Goodwin, J. W., & Vernon, T. W. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06451-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Clinical Update: The Implementation of Evidence-Based Emotion Regulation Treatment for Clients with Autism
White, S. W., Conner, C. M., Beck, K. B., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2021) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2020.1796551 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
Stakeholder informed development of the Emotion Awareness and Skills Enhancement team–based program (EASE-Teams)
Beck, K. B., Northrup, J. B., Breitenfeldt, K. E., Porton, S., Day, T. N., MacKenzie, K. T., Conner, C. M., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211061936 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Examining the feasibility and utility of heart rate variability on intervention outcomes targeting emotion regulation in autism: a brief report
Reisinger, D. L., Goodwin, M. S., Horn, P. S., Schmitt, L., Coffman, M. C., & Shaffer, R. C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66084-z · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Management of Emotion Dysregulation and Outbursts in Children and Adolescents
Sorter, M. T., Chua, J. D., Lamy, M., Barzman, D. H., Ryes, L. A., & Shekhtman, J. A. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01325-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Characterizing difficulties with emotion regulation in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder
Day, T. N., Mazefsky, C. A., & Wetherby, A. M. (2022) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101992 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Early-Onset Trajectories of Emotional Dysregulation in Autistic Children
Bennett, T. A., Jambon, M. M., Zaidman‐Zait, A., Duku, E., Georgiades, S., Elsabbagh, M., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Zwaigenbaum, L., Kerns, C. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2024.11.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Emotion Dysregulation Inventory−Young Child: Psychometric Properties and Item Response Theory Calibration in 2- to 5-Year-Olds
Day, T. N., Mazefsky, C. A., Yu, L., Zeglen, K. N., Neece, C. L., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.04.021 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of self-regulation with white matter correlates in boys with and without autism spectrum disorder
Ni, H.-C., Lin, H.-Y., Tseng, W.-Y. I., & Gau, S. S.-F. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70836-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Often Undiagnosed but Treatable: Case Vignettes and Clinical Considerations for Assessing Anxiety Disorders in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
Winder‐Patel, B., Tudor, M. E., Kerns, C. M., Davis, K., Nordahl, C. W., Amaral, D. G., & Solomon, M. (2021) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2021.1923090 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Assessment and Treatment of Emotion Regulation Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Life Span
Beck, K. B., Conner, C. M., Breitenfeldt, K. E., Northrup, J. B., White, S. W., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2021) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2020.11.008 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents Presenting to a Multidisciplinary Autism Clinic
Vasa, R. A., Singh, V., McDonald, R. G., Mazefsky, C. A., Hong, J. S., & Keefer, A. J. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05056-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Open-Source Challenging Behavior Scale (OS-CBS)
Frazier, T. W., Khaliq, I. N., Scullin, K. M., Uljarević, M., Shih, A. J., & Karpur, A. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05750-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Boys with autism spectrum disorder have distinct cortical folding patterns underpinning impaired self-regulation: a surface-based morphometry study
Ni, H., Lin, H., Chen, Y., Tseng, W. I., & Gau, S. S. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00199-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Digital Mental Health App Incorporating Wearable Biosensing for Teachers of Children on the Autism Spectrum to Support Emotion Regulation: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Palermo, E. H., Young, A. V., Deswert, S., Brown, A., Goldberg, M., Sultanik, E. A., Tan, J., Mazefsky, C. A., Brookman-Frazee, L. I., McPartland, J. C., et al. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/45852 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Executive functions and emotion regulation in children with autism spectrum disorders
Costescu, C. A., Roșan, A., & David, C. (2023) · European Journal of Special Needs Education · doi:10.1080/08856257.2023.2215010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Early Childhood Aggression in Autistic and Non-Autistic Preschoolers: Prevalence, Topography, and Relationship to Emotional Reactivity
Sivathasan, S., Eldeeb, S. M., Northrup, J. B., Antezana, L., Ionadi, A., Wakschlag, L. S., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2023) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.12.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
Methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in patients with Smith–Magenis syndrome: protocol for a series of N-of-1 trials
Müller, A. R., Zinkstok, J., Rommelse, N. N. J., van de Ven, P. M., Roes, K. C. B., Wijburg, F. A., Rooij‐Askes, E. S. P. D., Linders, C. C., Boot, E., & van Eeghen, A. M. (2021) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-021-02003-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Emotional Dysregulation in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Sample of Romanian Children
Costescu, C. A., Șogor, M., Thill, S., & Roșan, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182010683 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Extreme Demand Avoidance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Refinement of a Caregiver-Report Measure
O’Nions, E., Happe, F. G. E., Viding, E. M., & Noens, I. L. J. (2021) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-021-00203-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Establishing the transdiagnostic contextual pathways of emotional outbursts
Chung, J. C. Y., Mevorach, C., & Woodcock, K. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11474-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pilot Effectiveness and Acceptability of Partial Hospitalization Treatment Incorporating Transdiagnostic, Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention
Kennedy, S. M., Henderson-Davis, V., Henry, L., Hawks, J. L., Diaz, K. I., Crabbs, T., Khindria, N., Moe-Hartman, J., Nook, L., President, K. F., et al. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2023.11.002 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Improving social cognition following theta burst stimulation over the right inferior frontal gyrus in autism spectrum: an 8-week double-blind sham-controlled trial
Ni, H., Chen, Y., Hsieh, M., Wu, C., Chen, R.-S., Juan, C.-H., Li, C., Gau, S. S., & Lin, H. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724001387 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Insomnia subtypes and clinical impairment in hospitalized children with autism spectrum disorder
Taylor, B. J., Reynolds, C. F., & Siegel, M. S. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320967524 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Feasibility and Tolerability of Daily Theta Burst Stimulation in Autistic Youth with Intellectual Disabilities and Minimally Speaking Status: A Pilot Double-Blind Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial
Ni, H., Chen, Y., & Lin, H. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06477-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Contexts Associated with Emotional Outbursts
Chung, J. C. Y., Lowenthal, R., Mevorach, C., Paula, C. S., Teixeira, M. C. T. V., & Woodcock, K. A. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05708-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Integrating Measurement-Based Care into Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from a Community Clinic
McFayden, T. C., Gatto, A. J., Dahiya, A. V., Antezana, L., Miyazaki, Y., & Cooper, L. D. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04824-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Correlates of quality of life in autistic individuals
MacKenzie, K. T., Theodat, A., Beck, K. B., Conner, C. M., Mazefsky, C. A., & Eack, S. M. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102401 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Parent Outcomes Following Participation in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Autistic Children in a Community Setting: Parent Mental Health, Mindful Parenting, and Parenting Practices
Ibrahim, A. T., Lee, V., Vashi, N., Roudbarani, F., Modica, P. T., Pouyandeh, A., Sellitto, T., Ameis, S. H., Elkader, A. K., Gray, K. M., et al. (2025) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.70001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Efficacy of the Emotion Awareness and Skills Enhancement (EASE) Program in Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial
White, S. W., Conner, C. M., Beck, K. B., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2025.07.1058 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Early Reflections on the Therapeutic Effects of Mindfulness-Based Therapies in Adults with Autism and Suggestions for Future Research
(2021) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs20210013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Enhancing pre-employment transition services: A type 1 hybrid randomized controlled trial protocol for evaluating WorkChat: A Virtual Workday among autistic transition-age youth
Smith, M. J., Sherwood, K. L., Sung, C. Y. Y., Williams, E. G., Ross, B., sharma, S., Sharma, A., Harrington, M. M., Brown, C., Telfer, D., et al. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101153 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A cluster randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of two school-based interventions for autistic youth with anxiety
Pickard, K. E., Maddox, B. B., Boles, R. E., & Reaven, J. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05441-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Clinical considerations for the inclusion of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in clinical trials
Urbano, M. R., Raffaele, C. T., Kreiser, N. L., Flaherty, J. M., & Hartmann, K. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.09.013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A coping subscale for autistic children: Revisiting the dimensionality of the emotion regulation and social skills questionnaire
Black, K. R., Lai, M., Desrocher, M. E., Lee, V., Sellitto, T., Vashi, N., & Weiss, J. A. (2023) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102167 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Usability Testing of Developed Virtual Reality Environment to Enhance Communication Skills for Children with Low Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Junaidi, A. R., Irvan, M., Yuwono, J., Dewantoro, D. A., Alamsyah, Y., & Mulyawati, N. W. (2022) · International Conference on Information Technology and Education (ICITE) · doi:10.1109/icite54466.2022.9759890 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for children with autism and anxiety
Johnson, A. R., Wolpe, S., Tien, I. S., Muscatello, V. S., & Wood, J. J. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85757-4.00007-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Advancing Research on Suicide and Mental Health in Autistic Adults Through a Research Domain Criteria-Inspired Framework
Mazefsky, C. A., Conner, C. M., Siegle, G. J., Scott, L. N., Bylsma, L. M., Beck, K. B., Antezana, L., Hu, X., Cohen, A. D., Borue, X., et al. (2025) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1177/25739581251393807 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Emotional Cognition, Theory of Mind, and Face Recognition in Individuals with Autism and PDDs
May, K. E., Martino, M. A., & Kana, R. K. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Negative Mood Dysregulation Loads Strongly Onto Common Factors With Many Forms of Psychopathology: Considerations for Assessing Nonspecific Symptoms
Stanton, K. J., Balzen, K. M., DeFluri, C. M., Brock, P., Levin-Aspenson, H. F., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2023) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911231174471 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Autistic Symptoms, Irritability, and Executive Dysfunctions: Symptom Dynamics from Multi-Network Models
Lee, K. S., Gau, S. S., & Tseng, W. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-05981-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The impact of measurement on clinical trials: Comparison of preliminary outcomes of a brief mobile intervention for autistic adults using multiple measurement approaches
Mournet, A. M., Gunin, G. B., Shinall, J. A., Brennan, E., Jadav, N., Istvan, E. M., Kleiman, E. M., & Bal, V. H. (2024) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3095 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Occupational Therapy Using Zones of Regulation™ Concepts: A Feasibility Study
Peters, B., Gabriels, R., Schmid, A. A., Lassell, R. K. F., Pan, Z., Hoffman, A., & Hepburn, S. (2024) · OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health · doi:10.1177/15394492241246549 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Utility of a virtual small group cognitive behaviour program for autistic children during the pandemic: evidence from a community-based implementation study
Lee, V., Vashi, N., Roudbarani, F., Modica, P. T., Pouyandeh, A., Sellitto, T., Ibrahim, A., Ameis, S. H., Elkader, A. K., Gray, K. M., et al. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-11033-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Online social interaction skill group for adolescents on the autism spectrum: Preliminary outcomes of the START Connections program
Russell, K. M., Bhatt, A., Rackham, K., & Vernon, T. W. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102397 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Telehealth regulating together pilot trial: emotion regulation intervention for autistic children and adolescents
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Emotion Dysregulation Inventory
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The emotion dysregulation inventory – self-report: development and psychometric evaluation
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Development of the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory: A PROMIS®ing Method for Creating Sensitive and Unbiased Questionnaires for Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Self-citation

Authors: Mazefsky, C. A., Yu, L., White, S. W., Siegel, M., & Pilkonis, P. A.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Virginia Tech (US)
Maine Medical Center Research Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Mazefsky, Carla A.
ORCID: Mazefsky, Carla A.
Yu, Lan
White, Susan W.
Siegel, Matthew
Pilkonis, Paul A.
Venue: Autism Research
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-04-06
Volume: 11
Issue: 6
Pages: 928-941
ISSN: 1939-3792 (ISSN-L)
1939-3806
DOI: 10.1002/aur.1947
PMC: PMC6026073
OpenAlex: W2796255538
Cited by: 169
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6
FWCI: 6.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Autism Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Simons Foundation (R01 HD079512, Ritvo‐Slifka Award for Innovation in Autism Resear, SFARI #296318)
Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: emotional dysregulation, autism spectrum disorder, adolescents, psychometric properties, differential item functioning, reactivity, dysphoria, anhedonia, anxiety, depression, aggression, test-retest reliability, scale development
MeSH terms: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Adult, Affective Symptoms, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult

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The emotion dysregulation inventory: Psychometric properties and item response theory calibration in an autism spectrum disorder sample

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