Emotion Dysregulation is Substantially Elevated in Autism Compared to the General Population: Impact on Psychiatric Services
Open accessAbstract
Emerging evidence suggests that emotion regulation (ER) impairment in those with ASD is associated with poor mental health. This study used the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory, a new norm‐referenced ER measure with clinical cut‐offs, developed and validated in ASD and non‐ASD samples, to establish rates of ER impairment and understand its association with psychiatric service use in ASD. Parents of 6–17 year olds in three well‐characterized samples (nationally representative US n = 1,000; community ASD n = 1,169; inpatient ASD n = 567) completed a battery of questionnaires about their child. The prevalence of ER impairment was significantly higher in the ASD groups compared to the nationally representative sample and highest in the psychiatric Inpatient ASD group. The community ASD and inpatient ASD samples were four and seven times more likely, respectively, to exceed clinical cutoffs for emotional reactivity than the general US sample. Similarly, history of psychiatric hospitalization, recent emergency services use (police contact, emergency room visits, or in‐home crisis evaluations for emotional or behavioral concerns in the past 2 months), and psychotropic medication prescriptions were significantly higher in the ASD groups. ER impairment was significantly associated with all forms of psychiatric service use, after controlling for demographics (age, sex, race), co‐occurring intellectual disability, and ADHD symptoms. This is the first large‐scale study to document substantially higher rates of ER impairment in youth with ASD compared to the general population. The importance of ER impairment is underscored by its association with higher utilization of inpatient, emergency, and medication services in ASD, after accounting for demographics and ADHD‐related symptoms. Lay Summary: This study compared problems with emotion regulation in large samples of youth with and without ASD. An ASD community sample had two to four times more youth with clinically elevated regulation impairments compared to youth without ASD. Emotion regulation impairment was also related to using psychiatric hospitalizations, emergency services, and medications in the ASD group. This study suggests that screening for emotion regulation difficulties in ASD is important and treatment may have a wide ranging impact.
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Difficulties with emotion regulation are up to four times more likely in autistic adolescents than non-autistic adolescents.
“Difficulties with ER are up to four times more likely in autistic adolescents than non-autistic adolescents (Conner et al., 2021)”
From The relationship between distress tolerance and behavioral activation on anxiety and depression symptomatology in autistic youth: Leveraging self and caregiver perspectives (2024) · cites this paper as Conner et al., 2021
The Results (Aim 2) report that clinically elevated ER Reactivity was nearly four times as common in community autistic youth as in the general US youth sample (53.2% versus 13.6%). The fourfold figure is not reported specifically for adolescents or for ER difficulties overall: the sample included children, and clinically elevated Dysphoria was about twice as common. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredClinically impairing ED was two to four times more common in autistic young people compared to non-autistic youth aged 6-17 years, after controlling for demographic differences and ADHD-related symptoms.
“A previous large-scale study using the EDI found that clinically impairing ED was two to four times more common in autistic young people compared to non-autistic youth aged 6–17 years, after controlling for demographic differences and ADHD-related symptoms (Conner et al., 2021).”
From Investigating the Effects of Transdiagnostic Processes on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Autistic Young People: the Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation. (2025) · cites this paper as Conner et al., 2021
Results, Aim 2 (page not provided), reports nearly four times as many community autistic youth in the clinically elevated EDI Reactivity range and twice as many in the clinical Dysphoria range as in the general US sample. Methods, Analyses, Aim 2 (page not provided), says those clinical-range percentages were depicted descriptively; the group comparison of EDI scores controlled for sex and race, not ADHD symptoms. ADHD symptoms were controlled for in separate analyses of psychiatric service use, so the claim incorrectly applies that adjustment to the two-to-four-times prevalence finding. (LLM, conf=0.91)
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“21 More severe emotion dysregulation is associated with psychotropic medication use, psychiatric hospitalization, and emergency service use, even after accounting for many other variables, such as age, gender, and co-occurring intellectual disability, psychiatric symptoms, and behaviors, including…”
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“Challenges in ER are prominent in autism, 48–51 are more prevalent in autism relative to neurotypical populations, 51 and endure throughout the lifespan for some autistic individuals.”
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“These theories could help explain, at least partially, why EE-dominance was associated with autism and autistic traits, where over-arousal is common (Conner et al., 2021).”
BackgroundSáez‐Suanes, G. P., García-Villamisar, D. A., & Armentia, A. D. P. (2022) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2839 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“According to the literature, people with ASD and ID with greater anxiety symptoms use more maladaptive ER strategies, leading to the presentation of more internalized symptoms (Conner et al., 2021; Joyce et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSuicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in People on the Autism Spectrum
Reid, M., Delgado, D., Heinly, J. M., Kiernan, B., Shapiro, S. L., Morgan, L., Maddox, B. B., & Jager‐Hyman, S. (2024) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-024-01533-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Beck, K. B., Northrup, J. B., Breitenfeldt, K. E., Porton, S., Day, T. N., MacKenzie, K. T., Conner, C. M., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211061936 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“…mechanism that underlies co-occurring psychiatric conditions (e.g. depression and anxiety), externalizing problems (e.g. aggression and explosive behavior), and suicidality (Conner et al., 2020; Herrington & Schultz, 2010; Mazefsky & White, 2014; Richey et al., 2015; Weiss et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationManagement of Emotion Dysregulation and Outbursts in Children and Adolescents
Sorter, M. T., Chua, J. D., Lamy, M., Barzman, D. H., Ryes, L. A., & Shekhtman, J. A. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01325-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Adolescents with ASD are more 2–4 times more likely to have clinically relevant elevations on measures of emotion dysregulation than a comparison group; and degree of emotion regulation impairment was associated with increased use of psychotropic medication as well as increased rates of psychiatric hospitalizations, a…”
BackgroundEarly-Onset Trajectories of Emotional Dysregulation in Autistic Children
Bennett, T. A., Jambon, M. M., Zaidman‐Zait, A., Duku, E., Georgiades, S., Elsabbagh, M., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Zwaigenbaum, L., Kerns, C. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2024.11.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“18 Measures include the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) 20 and the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Pro fi le (CBCL-DP).”
Cleary, M. L., West, S., Hunt, G. E., McLean, L., Hungerford, C. L., & Kornhaber, R. A. (2022) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2022.2108529 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Day, T. N., Mazefsky, C. A., Yu, L., Zeglen, K. N., Neece, C. L., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.04.021 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Inpatient Adolescent Psychiatric Population
Kriegel, G., Paul, S., Leonard, K. H., & Sandor, P. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-05923-w · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents Presenting to a Multidisciplinary Autism Clinic
Vasa, R. A., Singh, V., McDonald, R. G., Mazefsky, C. A., Hong, J. S., & Keefer, A. J. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05056-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Importantly, this was four times the prevalence in a general sample of youth matched to the US census on demographics and the sample was not treatment seeking (Conner et al., 2021).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationKaur, I., Kamel, R., Sultanik, E. A., Tan, J., Mazefsky, C. A., Brookman-Frazee, L. I., McPartland, J. C., Goodwin, M. S., Pennington, J. W., Beidas, R. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsae078 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationBarnes, G. L., Ozsivadjian, A., Baird, G., Absoud, M., & Hollocks, M. J. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06246-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sivathasan, S., Eldeeb, S. M., Northrup, J. B., Antezana, L., Ionadi, A., Wakschlag, L. S., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2023) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.12.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationCarlson, G. A., Althoff, R. R., & Singh, M. K. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2024.2332999 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Mazefsky et al. (2018) also followed PROMIS guidelines to develop the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI), initially to describe emotion dysregulation in children on the autism spectrum but also normed it in typically developing children (Conner et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMethodEl‐Bouhali‐Abdellaoui, F., Voltas, N., Morales‐Hidalgo, P., & Canals, J. (2024) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3295 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Autism
Weiner, L., Bemmouna, D., Costache, M. E., & Martz, É. (2025) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-025-01596-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Given the high rates of ED, suicidality and psychopathology, especially in autistic adolescents and adults [23], the findings highlighted here are of particular importance, as from a conceptual and empirical perspective, DBT seems to the needs of autistic people experiencing ED.”
InfluentialHrycko, A. J., & Sinderbrand, M. (2025) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2025.2497989 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Adolescents with ASD may be hospitalized for a variety of reasons, including aberrant/tantrum behaviors, self-injurious behaviors, and anxiety and depression, among others (Conner et al. 2020).”
Irritability in Youth: A Critical Integrative ReviewPreprint
Leibenluft, E., Allen, L., Althoff, R. R., Brotman, M. A., Burke, J. D., Carlson, G. A., Dickstein, D. P., Dougherty, L. R., Evans, S. C., Kircanski, K., et al. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qxen6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationSpecial considerations for assessing and caring for autism in girls and women
Rynkiewicz, A., Zheng, S., & Lacroix, A. (2023) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000913 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Correlates of quality of life in autistic individuals
MacKenzie, K. T., Theodat, A., Beck, K. B., Conner, C. M., Mazefsky, C. A., & Eack, S. M. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102401 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite, S. W., Conner, C. M., Beck, K. B., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2025.07.1058 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationMcDonnell, C. G., Andrzejewski, T., & Dike, J. (2022) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2669 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…autistic youth with parent-reported abuse histories may need significantly more emergency mental health services than those without abuse, extending prior research, which has identified emotion regulation as another important predictor of service utilization in this sample (Conner et al., 2021).”
BackgroundEdmunds, S. R., Fogler, J., Braverman, Y., Gilbert, R. K., & Faja, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1065598 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Both ADHD and ASD are associated with increased emotion regulation challenges (Shaw et al., 2014; Conner et al., 2021; Day et al., 2022), but the mechanisms by which this is the case are unclear.”
BackgroundBennett, J., Parsons, S., & Kovshoff, H. (2024) · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs · doi:10.1111/1471-3802.12646 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…criteria for autism, research has indicated that this is an area of difficulty for many autistic people (Cai et al., 2018; Cibralic et al., 2019; Conner et al., 2021; Mazefsky et al., 2012) and that, for some individuals, these difficulties can result in increased social and behavioural…”
Charlton, R. A., McQuaid, G. A., Bishop, L., & Wallace, G. L. (2022) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102089 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Of note, autistic people may demonstrate increased difficulties with the cognitive aspects of emotion regulation (Conner et al., 2021; Mazefsky et al., 2013); therefore exploring this association in later-life may be important.”
BackgroundAutism and emotion recognition technologies in the workplace
Katirai, A. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241279704 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…where emotion dysregula-tion—a “mental health risk factor” experienced by autistic individuals as well as others, and linked to negative affectivity or irritability (Cai et al., 2018)—is present, emotion identification can be challenging for autistic individuals themselves (Conner et al., 2021).”
Situating emotion regulation in autism and ADHD through neurodivergent adolescents’ perspectives
Pavlopoulou, G., Chandler, S., Lukito, S., Kakoulidou, M., Matejko, M., Jackson, I., Balwani, B., Boyens, T., Poulton, D., Harvey‐Nguyen, L., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-21208-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Costache, M. E., Gioia, F., Vanello, N., Greco, A., Lefebvre, F., Capobianco, A., Weibel, S., & Weiner, L. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06551-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Although the DSM-5 does not classify ED as a primary feature of ASC (20), recent research indicates that it is a prevalent issue, affecting between 50% and 80% of autistic youth (18, 21–23 ).”
Sturrock, A., & Freed, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.982676 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Northrup, J. B., Cortez, K. B., Mazefsky, C. A., & Iverson, J. M. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241233664 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“In addition, intense emotional reactions and challenges with emotion regulation are increasingly recognized as common in autism (Cibralic et al., 2019; Conner et al., 2021; Mazefsky et al., 2013).”
Self-citationKulzer, J. L., Beck, K. B., Trabert, C., Meyer, E. C., Colacci, J., Pramuka, M., & McCue, M. P. (2023) · Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/jvr-230005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Rucklidge, J. J., Sherwin, A., Mulder, R. T., Manna, L., & Boden, J. M. (2026) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2026.01.013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Daniel, S. W., Berkovits, L. D., Eisenhower, A., & Blacher, J. (2023) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12671 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Costache, M. E., Gioia, F., Vanello, N., Greco, A., Capobianco, A., Weibel, S., & Weiner, L. (2025) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-025-00288-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Review and Developmental Model: Early Childhood Emotion Regulation and Co-Regulation in Autism
Northrup, J. B., Nuske, H. J., Hipwell, A. E., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2025.07.1063 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring the Symptom Profiles of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Autistic Children
Keefer, A. J., Singh, V., Jang, Y. S., Alon, L., Surmacz, M., Holingue, C., Mostofsky, S. H., & Vasa, R. A. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05744-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lee, V., Vashi, N., Roudbarani, F., Modica, P. T., Pouyandeh, A., Sellitto, T., Ibrahim, A., Ameis, S. H., Elkader, A. K., Gray, K. M., et al. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-11033-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Beneytez, C. (2023) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102116 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Developing Therapeutically Attuned Relationships with Autistic Children and Their Caregivers
Bernhard, F. B., Howell, D., & Bray, L. M. P. (2024) · Occupational Therapy In Health Care · doi:10.1080/07380577.2024.2437554 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Moreover, autistic individuals are four times more likely to have emotional regulation difficulties in comparison to neurotypical peers (Conner et al., 2021; White et al., 2021).”
Lichtlé, J., Devouche, É., Dialahy, I. Z., de Gaulmyn, A., Amestoy, A., Coutelle, R., Isnard, P., Monestès, J., Mottron, L., & Cappe, É. (2023) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.2002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Emotion dysregulation is thought to negatively impact the mental health of autistic individuals (Conner et al., 2021) and their behaviors, regardless of their intelligence (Berkovits et al., 2017).”
BackgroundYang, S.-C., & Lin, L. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106872 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chan, K. K. S., & Tsui, J. K. C. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02677-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Studies have shown that autistic children and adolescents with emotion regulation difficulties face elevated risks of both internalizing and externalizing problems (Conner et al., 2021).”
Riek, N. T., Susam, B. T., Hudac, C. M., Conner, C. M., Akçakaya, M., Yun, J., White, S. W., Mazefsky, C. A., & Gable, P. A. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06038-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Conceptually, this relationship makes sense because EDI reactivity measures more short-term sustained emotional reactions and dysphoria measures general unease, low motivation, and low positive affect, which often go hand-in-hand (Conner et al., 2021; Mazefsky et al., 2018).”
Self-citationKuo, C.-Y., Liu, C.-H., Huang, Y., Liang, S. H., Lin, H., & Ni, H. (2024) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2024.11.015 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kushner, E. H., Holbrook, C. B., Hendrix, N. M., Douglas-Brown, J. D., & Pickard, K. E. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15070975 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Within a large study of children and adolescents (6–17 years of age), autistic individuals demonstrated significantly higher levels of emotional dysregulation compared to non-autistic individuals (Conner et al., 2021).”
Traumatic Experiences, Psychological Distress and Suicide‐Related Behaviors in Autistic Adults
Chikaura, T., Weir, E. M., Griffiths, S., Procyshyn, T. L., Pelton, M., Allison, C. L., Hodges, H., White, S. R., Ford, T. J., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (2025) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.70137 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Conner, C. M., Wieckowski, A. T., Day, T. N., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198855903.013.11 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationFactor Structure of ASD Symptoms in Russian 3-4-Year-Olds
Nasledov, A., Александрович, М. С., Tkacheva, L. O., & Fedorov, S. (2023) · OBM Neurobiology · doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304190 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Valence and Intensity of Emotional Expression in Autistic and Non-Autistic Toddlers
Northrup, J. B., Mazefsky, C. A., & Day, T. N. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06268-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelates of Impairment and Growth in Families of Young Autistic Children
MacKenzie, K. T., Crown, M. J., Northrup, J. B., Rutenberg, E. L., Hartman, A. G., & Mazefsky, C. A. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06339-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMcQuaid, G. A., Strang, J. F., & Jack, A. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/t37vj · Cited by 3 · see citing works
McQuaid, G. A., Sadowski, L. Y., Lee, N., & Wallace, G. L. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/q375t · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cramer, A. M., & Filderman, M. J. (2023) · Beyond Behavior · doi:10.1177/10742956231202042 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“If an adult fails to stop the behavior in the rumbling stage, the student will often escalate to the dysregulation stage (Conner et al., 2021; Faupel et al., 2017).”
BackgroundEvaluating the Link between Visual Attention Bias and Emotion Dysregulation of Young Children
Brice, F., Lam‐Cassettari, C., Gerstl, B., Eapen, V., & Lin, P. (2024) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-024-10089-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Studies have demonstrated that ED is more likely to be present in children with a diagnosis of ADHD and ASD, compared with neurotypical children [14, 15].”
Kang, S., Stepanek, M., Reisinger, D. L., Schmitt, L., Kennedy, M., Loar, J., & Shaffer, R. C. (2025) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2025.2537133 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationVries, A. S.-D., van Ee, E., Verschuur, R., & Mevissen, L. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2555792 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Moreover, individuals with both ASD and ED are more likely to have a history of psychiatric hospitalisation, use of emergency services and prescription of psychotropic medications (Conner et al., 2021).”
Emotion regulation in autistic adolescents: a mixed methods systematic review
Micheel, J., Zapf, H., Hohmann, S., Bindt, C., & Boettcher, J. (2025) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-025-09664-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Research consistently shows that autistic individuals typically experience greater ED than the general population [16, 17].”
Strang, M., & Sakdalan, J. A. (2025) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330251400335 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…cant predictor of co-occurring mental health conditions, contributing to heightened anxiety, increased suicidality, diminished social connections, and a lower overall quality of life in autistic children and adults (Beck et al., 2020; Conner et al., 2020a; Conner et al., 2020b; Vasa et al., 2018).”
Schwartzman, J. M., Antezana, L., & Conner, C. M. (2024) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3208 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Difficulties with ER are up to four times more likely in autistic adolescents than non-autistic adolescents (Conner et al., 2021), and poor ER is associated with psychiatric conditions in autistic people (Cai et al., 2018; Charlton et al., 2020; Conner et al., 2023; Mazefsky, 2015).”
Self-citationAnsiedad y trastornos del espectro del autismo: notas para la intervención psicoeducativa
Sánchez-Cueva, M. S., Alcantud Marín, F., & Alonso-Esteban, Y. (2022) · Siglo Cero: Revista Española sobre Discapacidad Intelectual · doi:10.14201/scero2022534930 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“La DRE se ha relacionado con el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de problemas afectivos y conductuales (Cai et al., 2018; Conner et al., 2020) y, particularmente, con el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la ansiedad (Cisler y Olatunji, 2012; White et al., 2014) y la depresión (Schäfer et al., 2017).”
BackgroundAnalysis of a Four-Factor Model of Autism Symptoms in Children Aged 3–6 Years Old
Nasledov, A., Tkacheva, L. O., Zashchirinskaia, O. V., & Александрович, М. С. (2024) · Clinical Psychology and Special Education · doi:10.17759/cpse.2023120403 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Factor Structure of Autism Symptoms in 5-6-Year-Old Children: Age Perspective
Nasledov, A., Tkacheva, L. O., & Александрович, М. С. (2024) · OBM Neurobiology · doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2404259 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Baker, J. K., Fenning, R. M., & McElvain, P. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06720-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
McQuaid, G. A., Lee, N., & Wallace, G. L. (2025) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2025.10006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“ER challenges, like depression, are a risk factor for suicidality in autistic people (Brown et al., 2024; Conner et al., 2020; Cook et al., 2024).”
Assessing executive attention in autistic children: strengths, weaknesses and individual differences
Anderle, F., Pasqualotto, A., Bentenuto, A., Venuti, P., & Benso, F. (2025) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2025.2600608 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Novel and high-demand tasks can trigger anxiety and psychomotor agitation, particularly in autistic individuals, who often experience emotional dysregulation (Conner et al., 2021; Samson et al., 2015).”
Paediatric occupational therapists' views on applying interoception in practice contexts
Clark, E., Brown, T., Yu, M., Pépin, G., & MacKinnon, C. (2026) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/1440-1630.70082 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Current literature highlights it is common for autistic individuals to experience differences with sensory processing and emotional regulation (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Conner et al., 2021; Mazefsky et al., 2013; Patil & Kaple, 2023).”
Theobald, P. B., Harding, A., Taylor, M., Donovan, K. A., Moltchanova, E., Stevens, A., Tikao, K., Tainui, M., Hāpuku, A., Whitehead, K., et al. (2026) · Nutritional Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.nupsyc.2026.100014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The emotion dysregulation inventory – self-report: development and psychometric evaluation
Conner, C. M., Yu, L., Zeglen, K. N., Pilkonis, P. A., & Mazefsky, C. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726103857 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationKang, S., Burkett, K., Sarawgi, S., Ruberg, J., Paustian, J., Reisinger, D. L., Schmitt, L. M., & Shaffer, R. C. (2026) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2026.105317 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Weiner, L., & Bemmouna, D. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251348271 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Recent studies show that ED is prevalent in Autistic people (Cai et al., 2018; Conner et al., 2021; Samson et al., 2012), including adults (Swain et al., 2015).”
Assessing emotional characteristics in Asian autistic adults without intellectual disability
Chien, Y., Liu, C., Chiu, Y., & Lin, C.-C. (2023) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103472
Evaluating the role of visual attention bias in emotion dysregulation of young childrenPreprint
Brice, F., Lam-Cassetarri, C., Gerstl, B., Eapen, V., & Lin, P. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/p97jb
Peters, B., & Grandin, T. (2023) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800622616.0008
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD): Exploring Future Directions and Strategies
Carlson, G. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57398-9_21
杨, 子. (2024) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2024.1411776
- Authors
- Conner, C. M., Golt, J., Shaffer, R., Righi, G., Siegel, M., & Mazefsky, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Alabama (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mazefsky, Carla A.
- Venue
- Autism Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-12-08
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 169-181
- ISSN
- 1939-3792 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-3806
- PMC
- PMC8018538
- OpenAlex
- W3111428827
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 6.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Autism Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
- Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation
- Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI #296318, NICHD R01 HD079512)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, emotional dysregulation, mental health service utilization, psychiatric hospitalization, psychotropic drugs, emotional reactivity, autistic youth, intellectual disability, ADHD symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Emotional Regulation, Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Child, Emotions, Humans, Mental Health Services
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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