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Emotion regulation and executive function: Associations with depression and anxiety in autism

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Conner, Caitlin M., Elias, Rebecca, Smith, Isaac C., White, Susan W.·2023·Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102103PMC PMC9897310
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Abstract

Background Adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prone to experience co-occurring mental health conditions such as mood or anxiety disorders, as well as impairments in emotion regulation and executive functioning. However, little research has examined inter-relationships among these constructs, despite evidence of additional stressors and increased risk of internalizing disorders at this age, relative to non-autistic individuals. If either emotion regulation or executive functioning are shown to have patterns of association with mental health, this can inform mechanism-based intervention. Method Fifty-seven autistic adolescents and adults (16-25 years) with ASD in a transition intervention completed questionnaires and clinician-administered measures at baseline. Analyses assessed whether executive functioning impairment, above and beyond emotion regulation impairment, were associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Results ASD characteristics, emotion regulation, anxiety, and depression were significantly correlated. ASD characteristics was a significant contributor to depression and emotion regulation impairments were significant contributors to anxiety and depression. Findings indicated that inhibition difficulties did not uniquely contribute to depression or anxiety above emotion regulation impairment. Difficulties in cognitive flexibility were associated with depression above and beyond ASD characteristics, IQ, and emotion regulation, but not associated with anxiety. Conclusions Although preliminary, findings suggest that inflexibility and regulatory impairment should be considered in depression remediation approaches. Improving ER, on the other hand, may have broader transdiagnostic impact across both mood and anxiety symptoms in ASD.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Conner, C. M., Elias, R., Smith, I. C., & White, S. W.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Hartford Hospital (US)
  • University of Alabama (US)
Corresponding author
Conner, Caitlin M.
ORCID
Venue
Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-03
Volume
101
Pages
102103
ISSN
  • 1878-0237 (ISSN-L)
  • 1750-9467
DOI
10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102103
PMC
PMC9897310
OpenAlex
W4313828104
Cited by
43
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4
FWCI
6.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Research in Autism (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH114906)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, emotion regulation, executive function, depression, anxiety, adolescents and young adults, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, internalizing disorders, transition interventions, transdiagnostic mechanisms

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