Cited by 541Cancer survivorship and careAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChildhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life

Screening for emotional distress in cancer patients: a systematic review of assessment instruments

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Vodermaier, A., Linden, W., Siu, C.·2009·JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Abstract

Screening for emotional distress is becoming increasingly common in cancer care. This systematic review examines the psychometric properties of the existing tools used to screen patients for emotional distress, with the goal of encouraging screening programs to use standardized tools that have strong psychometrics. Systematic searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases for English-language studies in cancer patients were performed using a uniform set of key words (eg, depression, anxiety, screening, validation, and scale), and the retrieved studies were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Evaluation criteria included the number of validation studies, the number of participants, generalizability, reliability, the quality of the criterion measure, sensitivity, and specificity. The literature search yielded 106 validation studies that described a total of 33 screening measures. Many generic and cancer-specific scales satisfied a fairly high threshold of quality in terms of their psychometric properties and generalizability. Among the ultrashort measures (ie, those containing one to four items), the Combined Depression Questions performed best in patients receiving palliative care. Among the short measures (ie, those containing five to 20 items), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Among the long measures (ie, those containing 21-50 items), the Beck Depression Inventory and the General Health Questionaire-28 met all evaluation criteria. The PsychoSocial Screen for Cancer, the Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients-Revised, and the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist are long measures that can also be recommended for routine screening. In addition, other measures may be considered for specific indications or disease types. Some measures, particularly newly developed cancer-specific scales, require further validation against structured clinical interviews (the criterion standard for validation measures) before they can be recommended.

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  1. [53]Recklitis CJ Rodriguez P Screening adult survivors of childhood cancer with the distress thermometer: a comparison with the SCL-90-R Psychooncology 2007 16 11 1046 1049 17506074
  2. [134]Spielberger DC Gorsuch RL Lushene RE Manual of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1970 Palo Alto, CA Consulting Psychologists Press

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Authors
Vodermaier, A., Linden, W., & Siu, C.
Affiliations
BC Cancer Agency (CA)
Corresponding author
Vodermaier, A.
Venue
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Published
2009-10-13
Volume
101
Issue
21
Pages
1464-1488
ISSN
  • 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2105
OpenAlex
W1996766132
Cited by
541
References
160
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 48
FWCI
2.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#AQC83559)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Keywords
emotional distress screening, cancer patients, psychometric properties, depression screening, anxiety screening, screening tool, scale validation, CES-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, palliative care, sensitivity and specificity
MeSH terms
Adjustment Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Mass Screening, Neoplasms, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Dysthymic Disorder

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