Cited by 60Adrenal Hormones and DisordersEstrogen and related hormone effectsSteroid Chemistry and Biochemistry

Expression and roles of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in 'non-classical', extra-adrenal and extra-gonadal cells and tissues

Anuka, Eli, Gal, Michael, Stocco, Douglas M., Orly, Joseph·2013·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Abstract

The activity of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein is indispensable and rate limiting for high output synthesis of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex and the gonads, known as the 'classical' steroidogenic organs (StAR is not expressed in the human placenta). In addition, studies of recent years have shown that StAR is also expressed in many tissues that produce steroid hormones for local use, potentially conferring some functional advantage by acting via intracrine, autocrine or paracrine fashion. Others hypothesized that StAR might also function in non-steroidogenic roles in specific tissues. This review highlights the evidence for the presence of StAR in 17 extra-adrenal and extra-gonadal organs, cell types and malignancies. Provided is the physiological context and the rationale for searching for the presence of StAR in such cells. Since in many of the tissues the overall level of StAR is relatively low, we also reviewed the methods used for StAR detection. The gathered information suggests that a comprehensive understanding of StAR activity in 'non-classical' tissues will require the use of experimental approaches that are able to analyze StAR presence at single-cell resolution.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.003

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  • Several cellular components of the interfollicular epidermis and pilosebaceous unit have the capability of de-novo steroid biosynthesis supported by StAR activity.

    “Several cellular components of the interfollicular epidermis and pilosebaceous unit have the capability of de-novo steroid biosynthesis supported by StAR activity (Anuka et al., 2013).”

    From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Anuka et al., 2013

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Authors
Anuka, E., Gal, M., Stocco, D. M., & Orly, J.
Affiliations
  • Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
  • Texas Tech University (US)
Corresponding author
Orly, Joseph
Venue
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-05
Volume
371
Issue
1-2
Pages
47-61
ISSN
0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2095296616
Cited by
60
References
194
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2
FWCI
0.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD17481)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Keywords
steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, stars, steroidogenesis, adrenal cortex, gonads
MeSH terms
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, Adrenal Cortex, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Endothelium, Vascular, Gonads, Humans, Liver, Macrophages, Neoplasms, Phosphoproteins, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Steroids

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