Cited by 890

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Skeletal Muscle Adaptability: Significance for Metabolism and Performance

Saltin, Bengt, Gollnick, Philip D.·1983·Comprehensive Physiology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The sections in this article are: Motor Unit: Fibers per Motor Unit: Contractile Properties: Biochemical Basis for Differences in Twitch Properties: Histochemical Differentiation of Muscle Fibers: Ultrastructural Basis for Skeletal Muscle Fiber Typing: Maximal Contractile Force: Speed of Contraction: Fatigue Characteristics: Metabolic Characteristics: Ionic Composition of Skeletal Muscle: Summary: Muscle Fiber Composition in Human Skeletal Muscle: Motor‐Unit Recruitment: Adaptive Response in Skeletal Muscle: Muscle Size: Metabolic Capacity: Connective Tissue: Capillaries: Methodology: Anatomy: Capillary Density: Capillary Length and Diameter: Use and Disuse: Regulation: Significance of Adaptation: Muscular Size: Substrate Stores: Enzyme Activities: Summary:

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/cphy.cp100119

Cites

21 of 21 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CELL SIZE IN SPINAL MOTONEURONS
Henneman, E., Somjen, G., & Carpenter, D. O. (1965) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1965.28.3.560 · Cited by 2,294
Data on the distribution of fibre types in thirty-six human muscles
Johnson, M. A., Polgar, J., Weightman, D., & Appleton, D. (1973) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(73)90023-3 · Cited by 2,200
Dynamic properties of mammalian skeletal muscles.
Close, R. I. (1972) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1972.52.1.129 · Cited by 1,890
Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance.
Bergström, J., Hermansen, L., Hultman, E., & Saltin, B. (1967) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03720.x · Cited by 1,740
Self-citation
Biochemical Adaptations in Muscle
Holloszy, J. O. (1967) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)96046-1 · Cited by 1,517
Relation between size of neurons and their susceptibility to discharge
Henneman, E. (1957) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.126.3287.1345 · Cited by 1,227
Biochemical Adaptations to Endurance Exercise in Muscle
Holloszy, J. O., & Booth, F. W. (1976) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.001421 · Cited by 1,053
Selective glycogen depletion pattern in human muscle fibres after exercise of varying intensity and at varying pedalling rates
Gollnick, P. D., Piehl, K., & Saltin, B. (1974) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010639 · Cited by 643
Self-citation
The relation between force and velocity in human muscle
Wilkie, D. R. (1949) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004437 · Cited by 632
Muscle Fibre Type Populations of Human Leg Muscles
Edgerton, V. R., Smith, J. L., & Simpson, D. R. (1975) · The Histochemical Journal · doi:10.1007/bf01003594 · Cited by 494

Show all 21 references

Exercise Metabolism and the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation
Egan, B., & Zierath, J. R. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.012 · Cited by 2,084
Skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in association with insulin resistance, obesity, and weight loss
Kelley, D. E., Goodpaster, B., Wing, R. R., & Simoneau, J.-A. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.6.e1130 · Cited by 1,096
Short‐term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance
Gibala, M. J., Little, J. P., Van Essen, M., Wilkin, G. P., Burgomaster, K. A., Safdar, A., Raha, S., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112094 · Cited by 1,082
Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexamination.
Kelley, D. E., & Mandarino, L. J. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.5.677 · Cited by 1,017
Exercise induces transient transcriptional activation of the PGC‐1α gene in human skeletal muscle
Pilegaard, H., Saltin, B., & Neufer, P. D. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.034850 · Cited by 885
Self-citation
Skeletal muscle capillary density and fiber type are possible determinants of in vivo insulin resistance in man
Lillioja, S., Young, A. A., Culter, C. L., Ivy, J. L., Abbott, W. G., Zawadzki, J. K., Yki-Järvinen, H., Christin, L., Secomb, T. W., & Bogardus, C. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113088 · Cited by 782
A mechanism for increased contractile strength of human pennate muscle in response to strength training: changes in muscle architecture
Aagaard, P., Andersen, J. L., Dyhre‐Poulsen, P., Leffers, A., Wagner, A., Magnusson, S. P., Halkjær‐Kristensen, J., & Simonsen, E. B. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00613.x · Cited by 733
Increased rates of muscle protein turnover and amino acid transport after resistance exercise in humans
Biolo, G., Maggi, S. P., Williams, B. D., Tipton, K. D., & Wolfe, R. R. (1995) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.3.e514 · Cited by 713
Exercise training in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Hemodynamic and metabolic effects.
Sullivan, M. J., Higginbotham, M. B., & Cobb, F. R. (1988) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.78.3.506 · Cited by 697
Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise
Pilegaard, H., Ordway, G. A., Saltin, B., & Neufer, P. D. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.4.e806 · Cited by 563
Lean Tissue Imaging: A New Era for Nutritional Assessment and Intervention
Prado, C. M. M., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2014) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607114550189 · Cited by 550
Skeletal Muscle Lipid Content and Oxidative Enzyme Activity in Relation to Muscle Fiber Type in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
He, J., Watkins, S., & Kelley, D. E. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.4.817 · Cited by 518
Muscle fiber type is associated with obesity and weight loss
Tanner, C. J., Barakat, H. A., Dohm, G. L., Pories, W. J., MacDonald, K. G., Cunningham, P. R. G., Swanson, M. S., & Houmard, J. A. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00416.2001 · Cited by 493
Effect of a multimodal high intensity exercise intervention in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: randomised controlled trial
Adamsen, L., Quist, M., Andersen, C., Moller, T., Herrstedt, J., Kronborg, D., Baadsgaard, M. T., Vistisen, K., Midtgaard, J., Christiansen, B., et al. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b3410 · Cited by 492
Impaired free fatty acid utilization by skeletal muscle in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Kelley, D. E., & Simoneau, J. A. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117600 · Cited by 487
Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism in Exercise and Insulin Resistance
Kiens, B. (2006) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2004 · Cited by 478
Determinants of maximal oxygen transport and utilization
Wagner, P. D. (1996) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.000321 · Cited by 421
Whole-muscle and single-fibre contractile properties and myosin heavy chain isoforms in humans
Harridge, S. D. R., Bottinelli, R., Canepari, M., Pellegrino, M. A., Reggiani, C., Esbjörnsson, M., & Saltin, B. (1996) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004240050215 · Cited by 402
Self-citation
Branched-Chain Amino Acids Activate Key Enzymes in Protein Synthesis after Physical Exercise
Blomstrand, E., Eliasson, J., Karlsson, H. K., & Köhnke, R. (2006) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.1.269s · Cited by 395
Lipid metabolism during endurance exercise
Horowitz, J. F., & Klein, S. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.2.558s · Cited by 397
Interference between concurrent resistance and endurance exercise: Molecular bases and the role of individual training variables
Fyfe, J. J., Bishop, D. J., & Stepto, N. K. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0162-1 · Cited by 347
Muscle hypertrophy and fast fiber type conversions in heavy resistance-trained women.
Staron, R. S., Malicky, E. S., Leonardi, M. J., Falkel, J. E., Hagerman, F. C., & Dudley, G. A. (1990) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00572189 · Cited by 328
Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to Prolonged, Intense Endurance Training
Hawley, J. A. (2002) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03623.x · Cited by 328
Single-cell transcriptional profiles in human skeletal muscle
Rubenstein, A. B., Smith, G. R., Raue, U., Begue, G., Minchev, K., Ruf-Zamojski, F., Nair, V. D., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Zaslavsky, E., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-57110-6 · Cited by 323
Muscular characteristics of detraining in humans.
MUJIKA, I., & PADILLA, S. (2001) · Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200108000-00009 · Cited by 302
Genetic determinism of fiber type proportion in human skeletal muscle
Simoneau, J., & Bouchard, C. (1995) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.9.11.7649409 · Cited by 297
Muscle composition in relation to age and sex
Forsberg, A. M., Nilsson, E., Werneman, J., Bergström, J., & Hultman, E. (1991) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0810249 · Cited by 282
Molecular Responses to Acute Exercise and Their Relevance for Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle to Exercise Training
Egan, B., & Sharples, A. P. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00054.2021 · Cited by 278
Long-term adaptation to electrically induced cycle training in severe spinal cord injured individuals
Mohr, T., Andersen, J. L., Biering-Sørensen, F., Galbo, H., Bangsbo, J., Wagner, A., & Kjaer, M. (1997) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3100343 · Cited by 263
Neuromuscular adaptations to concurrent strength and endurance training
McCARTHY, J. P., POZNIAK, M. A., & AGRE, J. C. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200203000-00019 · Cited by 261
Relationship between fatty acid delivery and fatty acid oxidation during strenuous exercise
Romijn, J. A., Coyle, E. F., Sidossis, L. S., Zhang, X. J., & Wolfe, R. R. (1995) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.79.6.1939 · Cited by 248
Endurance training and detraining in mitochondrial myopathies due to single large-scale mtDNA deletions
Taivassalo, T., Gardner, J. L., Taylor, R. W., Schaefer, A. M., Newman, J., Barron, M. J., Haller, R. G., & Turnbull, D. M. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl282 · Cited by 220
Influence of concurrent exercise or nutrition countermeasures on thigh and calf muscle size and function during 60 days of bed rest in women
Trappe, T. A., Burd, N. A., Louis, E. S., Lee, G. A., & Trappe, S. W. (2007) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01728.x · Cited by 212
Exercise, Vascular Wall and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update (Part 1)
Leung, F. P., Yung, L. M., Laher, I., Yao, X., Chen, Z. Y., & Huang, Y. (2008) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200838120-00005 · Cited by 219
Adaptation of mitochondrial ATP production in human skeletal muscle to endurance training and detraining.
Wibom, R., Hultman, E., Johansson, M., Matherei, K., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., & Schantz, P. G. (1992) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1992.73.5.2004 · Cited by 208
Obesity and insulin resistance: Lessons learned from the Pima indians
Lillioja, S., & Bogardus, C. (1988) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmr.5610040508 · Cited by 203
Mitochondria, Muscle Health, and Exercise with Advancing Age
Carter, H. N., Chen, C. C. W., & Hood, D. A. (2015) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00039.2014 · Cited by 191
Effects of weight loss and physical activity on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in obesity
Menshikova, E. V., Ritov, V. B., Toledo, F. G. S., Ferrell, R. E., Goodpaster, B. H., & Kelley, D. E. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00322.2004 · Cited by 189
Skeletal muscle triglyceride: marker or mediator of obesity-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Goodpaster, B. H., & Kelley, D. E. (2002) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-002-0086-2 · Cited by 155
Skeletal Muscle Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 and Exercise
Lindholm, M. E., & Rundqvist, H. (2016) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep085318 · Cited by 156
Training affects muscle phospholipid fatty acid composition in humans
Helge, J. W., Wu, B. J., Willer, M., Daugaard, J. R., Storlien, L. H., & Kiens, B. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.670 · Cited by 150
Exercise Induces Tissue-Specific Adaptations to Enhance Cardiometabolic Health
Ashcroft, S. P., Stocks, B., Egan, B., & Zierath, J. R. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.008 · Cited by 149
Modulation of extracellular matrix genes reflects the magnitude of physiological adaptation to aerobic exercise training in humans
Timmons, J. A., Jansson, E., Fischer, H., Gustafsson, T., Greenhaff, P. L., Ridden, J., Rachman, J., & Sundberg, C. J. (2005) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-3-19 · Cited by 135
Muscle histone deacetylase 4 upregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: potential role in reinnervation ability and disease progression
Bruneteau, G., Simonet, T., Bauché, S., Mandjee, N., Malfatti, E., Girard, E., Tanguy, M.-L., Behin, A., Khiami, F., Sariali, E., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt164 · Cited by 131
Maximal fat oxidation rates in endurance trained and untrained women
Stisen, A. B., Stougaard, O., Langfort, J., Helge, J. W., Sahlin, K., & Madsen, K. (2006) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0290-x · Cited by 126
Sprint interval and moderate‐intensity continuous training have equal benefits on aerobic capacity, insulin sensitivity, muscle capillarisation and endothelial eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio in obese men
Cocks, M., Shaw, C. S., Shepherd, S. O., Fisher, J. P., Ranasinghe, A., Barker, T. A., & Wagenmakers, A. J. M. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285254 · Cited by 117
The elite cross‐country skier provides unique insights into human exercise physiology
Holmberg, H. ‐. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12601 · Cited by 113
Resistance training, insulin sensitivity and muscle function in the elderly
Dela, F., & Kjaer, M. (2006) · Essays in Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/bse0420075 · Cited by 108
Enzyme activities in the tibialis anterior muscle of young moderately active men and women: relationship with body composition, muscle cross‐sectional area and fibre type composition
Jaworowski, Å., Porter, M. M., Holmbäck, A. M., Downham, D., & Lexell, J. (2002) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.2002.t01-2-01004.x · Cited by 104
The Muscle Fiber Profiles, Mitochondrial Content, and Enzyme Activities of the Exceptionally Well-Trained Arm and Leg Muscles of Elite Cross-Country Skiers
Ørtenblad, N., Nielsen, J., Boushel, R., Söderlund, K., Saltin, B., & Holmberg, H.-C. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01031 · Cited by 102
Self-citation
Increased muscle blood supply and transendothelial nutrient and insulin transport induced by food intake and exercise: effect of obesity and ageing
Wagenmakers, A. J. M., Strauss, J. A., Shepherd, S. O., Keske, M. A., & Cocks, M. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284513 · Cited by 78
Endurance Exercise Enhances the Effect of Strength Training on Muscle Fiber Size and Protein Expression of Akt and mTOR
Kazior, Z., Willis, S. J., Moberg, M., Apró, W., Calbet, J. A. L., Holmberg, H.-C., & Blomstrand, E. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149082 · Cited by 82
Gene Polymorphisms and Fiber-Type Composition of Human Skeletal Muscle
Ahmetov, I. I., Vinogradova, O. L., & Williams, A. G. (2012) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.22.4.292 · Cited by 81
Skeletal muscle and insulin sensitivity: pathophysiological alterations
Ryder, J. (2001) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/ryder · Cited by 73
Manipulation of dietary carbohydrates after prolonged effort modifies muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum responses in exercising males
Duhamel, T. A., Perco, J. G., & Green, H. J. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00858.2005 · Cited by 67
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition speeds oxygen uptake kinetics in horses during moderate domain running
Kindig, C. A., McDonough, P., Erickson, H. H., & Poole, D. C. (2002) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s1569-9048(02)00068-x · Cited by 62
Human vastus lateralis and soleus muscles display divergent cellular contractile properties
Luden, N., Minchev, K., Hayes, E., Louis, E., Trappe, T., & Trappe, S. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90564.2008 · Cited by 55
Effects of different strength training regimes on moment and power generation during dynamic knee extensions
Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Trolle, M., Bangsbo, J., & Klausen, K. (1994) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00865399 · Cited by 55
Skeletal muscle as a treatment target for older adults with diabetes mellitus: The importance of a multimodal intervention based on functional category
Omura, T., & Araki, A. (2022) · Geriatrics & Gerontology International · doi:10.1111/ggi.14339 · Cited by 47
Effects of endurance training on skeletal muscle oxidative capacities with and without selenium supplementation
Margaritis, I., Tessier, F., Prou, E., Marconnet, P., & Marini, J.-F. (1997) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/s0946-672x(97)80008-9 · Cited by 40
Mitochondria changes in human muscle after prolonged exercise, endurance training and selenium supplementation
Zamora, A. J., Tessier, F., Marconnet, P., Margaritis, I., & Marini, J.-F. (1995) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00238552 · Cited by 29
Skeletal muscle mitochondria: the aerobic gate?
Lindstedt, S. L., & Wells, D. J. (1988) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5481-9_17 · Cited by 9
Effect of creatine malate supplementation on physical performance, body composition and selected hormone levels in spinters and long-distance runners
Tyka, A. K., Chwastowski, M., Cison, T., Palka, T., Tyka, A., Szygula, Z., Pilch, W., Strzala, M., & Cepero, M. (2015) · Acta Physiologica Hungarica · doi:10.1556/aphysiol.102.2015.1.12 · Cited by 9

Authors: Saltin, B., & Gollnick, P. D.
Venue: Comprehensive Physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1983-12
Pages: 555-631
ISSN: 2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp100119
OpenAlex: W1863103714
Cited by: 890
References: 21
Type: other
Language: en
Open access: closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Skeletal Muscle Adaptability: Significance for Metabolism and Performance

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources