Biological embedding of perinatal social relationships in infant stress reactivity
Open accessAbstract
Whereas significant advances have been made in understanding how exposure to early adversity “gets under the skin” of children to result in long term changes in developmental outcomes, the processes by which positive social relationships become biologically embedded remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to understand the pathways by which maternal and infant social environments become biologically embedded in infant cortisol reactivity. Two hundred seventy‐two pregnant women and their infants were prospectively assessed during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. In serial mediation analyses, higher perceived social support from partners during pregnancy was associated with lower infant cortisol reactivity or larger decreases in cortisol in response to a stressor at 6 months of age via lower self‐reported prenatal maternal depression and higher mother–infant interaction quality. The findings add to our understanding of how perinatal social relationships become biologically embedded in child development.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,888 · see citing works
Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782 · Cited by 14,183 · see citing works
Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions
Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273170701341316 · Cited by 9,973 · see citing works
Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect: Distribution of the Product and Resampling Methods
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4 · Cited by 7,806 · see citing works
Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2639 · Cited by 6,256 · see citing works
Required sample size to detect the mediated effect
Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x · Cited by 4,810 · see citing works
Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00108-7 · Cited by 3,638 · see citing works
Review of Using Multivariate Statistics.
Hays, W. L. (1983) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/022267 · Cited by 3,173 · see citing works
BOYCE, W. T., & ELLIS, B. J. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050145 · Cited by 2,078 · see citing works
The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity
Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B. J., & Shirtcliff, E. A. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007 · Cited by 1,373 · see citing works
Brain on stress: how the social environment gets under the skin
McEwen, B. S. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121254109 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development
Gunnar, M. R., & Donzella, B. (2002) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00045-2 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
Feldman, R., Weller, A., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Levine, A. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02010.x · Cited by 787 · see citing works
How Experience Gets Under the Skin to Create Gradients in Developmental Health
Hertzman, C., & Boyce, T. (2010) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103538 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Stice, E., Ragan, J., & Randall, P. (2004) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.113.1.155 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
Behavioral Inhibition and Stress Reactivity: The Moderating Role of Attachment Security
Nachmias, M., Gunnar, M., Mangelsdorf, S., Parritz, R. H., & Buss, K. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131829 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Behavioral Inhibition and Stress Reactivity: The Moderating Role of Attachment Security
Nachmias, M., Gunnar, M. R., Mangelsdorf, S. C., Parritz, R. H., & Buss, K. A. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01748.x · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Effects of Stress and Social Support on Mothers and Premature and Full-Term Infants
Crnic, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., Ragozin, A. S., Robinson, N. M., & Basham, R. B. (1983) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00350.x · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Validation of the Edinburgh Depression Scale during pregnancy
Bergink, V., Kooistra, L., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P., Wijnen, H., Bunevicius, R., van Baar, A., & Pop, V. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.07.008 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Effects of Stress and Social Support on Mothers and Premature and Full-Term Infants
Crnic, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., Ragozin, A. S., Robinson, N. M., & Basham, R. B. (1983) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129878 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Prenatal stress and brain development
Charil, A., Laplante, D. P., Vaillancourt, C., & King, S. (2010) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.06.002 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Kendler, K. S., Myers, J., & Prescott, C. A. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.250 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Brennan, P. A., Hammen, C. L., Andersen, M. J., Bor, W., Najman, J. M., & Williams, G. M. (2000) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.36.6.759 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Psychosocial Stress and Pregnancy Outcome
Hobel, C. J., GOLDSTEIN, A., & Barrett, E. S. (2008) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0b013e31816f2709 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Teti, D. M., Gelfand, D. M., Messinger, D. S., & Isabella, R. (1995) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.3.364 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Swain, J. E., Lorberbaum, J. P., Kose, S., & Strathearn, L. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01731.x · Cited by 499 · see citing works
The impact of maternal depression in pregnancy on early child development
Deave, T., Heron, J., Evans, J., & Emond, A. (2008) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01752.x · Cited by 479 · see citing works
The Effects of Postpartum Depression on Maternal-Infant Interaction: A Meta-Analysis
BECK, C. T. (1995) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-199509000-00007 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
What’s in a smile? Maternal brain responses to infant facial cues
Strathearn, L., Li, J., Fonagy, P., & Montague, P. R. (2008) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1566 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
ZEANAH, C. H., NELSON, C. A., FOX, N. A., SMYKE, A. T., MARSHALL, P., PARKER, S. W., & KOGA, S. (2003) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579403000452 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Kim, P., Leckman, J. F., Mayes, L. C., Feldman, R., Wang, X., & Swain, J. E. (2010) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0020884 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Elsenbruch, S., Benson, S., Rücke, M., Rose, M., Dudenhausen, J., Pincus-Knackstedt, M. K., Klapp, B. F., & Arck, P. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del432 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Brennan, P. A., Hammen, C. L., Andersen, M. J., et al. (2000) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.6.759 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Impact of Social Environment Characteristics on Neuroendocrine Regulation
Seeman, T. E., & McEwen, B. S. (1996) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199609000-00008 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Perceived partner support in pregnancy predicts lower maternal and infant distress.
Stapleton, L. R. T., Schetter, C. D., Westling, E. H., Rini, C. K., Glynn, L. M., Hobel, C. J., & Sandman, C. A. (2012) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028332 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Ahnert, L., Gunnar, M. R., Lamb, M. E., & Barthel, M. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00698.x · Cited by 334 · see citing works
An international study exploring levels of postpartum depressive symptomatology
Affonso, D. D., De, A. K., Horowitz, J. A., & Mayberry, L. J. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00176-8 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Stress, social support, and emotional distress in a community sample of pregnant women
Glazier, R., Elgar, F., Goel, V., & Holzapfel, S. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/01674820400024406 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
GRUNAU, R. E., Haley, D. W., Whitfield, M. F., Weinberg, J., Yu, W. K., & Thiessen, P. N. (2007) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.10.053 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Swain, J. E., Kim, P., Spicer, J., Ho, S. S., Dayton, C. J., Elmadih, A., & Abel, K. M. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.007 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Familialism, social support, and stress: Positive implications for pregnant Latinas.
Campos, B., Schetter, C. D., Abdou, C. M., Hobel, C. J., Glynn, L. M., & Sandman, C. A. (2008) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.14.2.155 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Stress, social support and pregnancy outcome: a reassessment based on recent research
Hoffman, S., & Hatch, M. C. (1996) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1996.tb00063.x · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Effective social support: Antecedents and consequences of partner support during pregnancy
Rini, C. K., Schetter, C. D., Hobel, C. J., Glynn, L. M., & Sandman, C. A. (2006) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00114.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Gunnar, M. R., & Quevedo, K. M. (2007) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(07)67010-1 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Health of Children Adopted From China
Miller, L. C., & Hendrie, N. W. (2000) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.105.6.e76 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Maternal behavior predicts infant cortisol recovery from a mild everyday stressor
Albers, E. M., Riksen‐Walraven, J. M., Sweep, F. C. G. J., & de Weerth, C. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01818.x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Juffer, F. (2007) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e31811320aa · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Chronic stressors, social support, and depression during pregnancy
Séguin, L., Potvin, L., St‐Denis, M., & Loiselle, J. (1995) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(94)00449-n · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Luby, J. L., Heffelfinger, A., Mrakotsky, C., Brown, K., Hessler, M., & Spitznagel, E. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.12.1248 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Variations in stress levels over the course of pregnancy
Costa, D. D., Larouche, J., Dritsa, M., & Brender, W. (1999) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00064-1 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Predictors of Maternal Sensitivity to Infant Distress
Leerkes, E. M. (2010) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295190903290840 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Blair, C., Family Life Project Investigators, Granger, D. A., Kivlighan, K. T., Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M., Greenberg, M. T., Hibel, L. C., & Fortunato, C. K. (2008) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.1095 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Stark, R., Wolf, O. T., Tabbert, K., Kagerer, S., Zimmermann, M., Kirsch, P., Schienle, A., & Vaitl, D. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.046 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Social Support and Social Conflict as Predictors of Prenatal Depression
Westdahl, C., Milan, S., Magriples, U., Kershaw, T., Rising, S. S., & Ickovics, J. R. (2007) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000265352.61822.1b · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Granger, D. A., Weisz, J. R., & Kauneckis, D. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.2.267 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Natsuaki, M. N., Klimes-Dougan, B., Ge, X., Shirtcliff, E. A., Hastings, P. D., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410902976320 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Johnson, D. E., Guthrie, D., Smyke, A. T., Koga, S. F., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2010) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.56 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Pearson, R. M., Lightman, S. L., & Evans, J. (2009) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.09.013 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
In Search of Neural Endophenotypes of Postpartum Psychopathology and Disrupted Maternal Caregiving
Moses‐Kolko, E. L., Horner, M. S., Phillips, M. L., Hipwell, A. E., & Swain, J. E. (2014) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12183 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Pearson, R. M., Melotti, R., Heron, J., Joinson, C., Stein, A., Ramchandani, P. G., & Evans, J. (2012) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.07.020 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms in early pregnancy disrupt attentional processing of infant emotion
Pearson, R. M., Cooper, R. M., Penton‐Voak, I. S., Lightman, S. L., & Evans, J. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709990961 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Predictors of maternal sensitivity during the early postpartum period
Shin, H., Park, Y.-J., & Kim, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03943.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Giesbrecht, G. F., Poole, J. C., Letourneau, N. L., Campbell, T. S., & Kaplan, B. J. (2013) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000004 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationSusman, E. J., Dorn, L. D., Inoff‐Germain, G., Nottelmann, E. D., & Chrousos, G. P. (1997) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0701_5 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Adrenocortical activity and behavioral distress in human newborns
Gunnar, M. R., Connors, J., Isensee, J., & Wall, L. (1988) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.420210402 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid effects on memory function over the human life span
Heffelfinger, A. K., & Newcomer, J. W. (2001) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579401003054 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Laurent, H. K., Ablow, J. C., & Measelle, J. R. (2011) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025518 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Relation of preterm birth with quality of infant—mother attachment at one year
Wille, D. E. (1991) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/0163-6383(91)90007-f · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Pearson, R. M., Lightman, S. L., & Evans, J. (2010) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-010-0180-4 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Stice, E., Rohde, P., Gau, J., & Ochner, C. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.02.009 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
BLAIR, C., GRANGER, D., WILLOUGHBY, M., KIVLIGHAN, K., & THE FAMILY LIFE PROJECT INVESTIGATORS (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1376.031 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Prenatal Origins of Neurological Development
Glynn, L. M., & Sandman, C. A. (2011) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721411422056 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Noise and Stress - Salivary Cortisol as a Non-Invasive Measure of Allostatic Load.
Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Jomeen, J., & Martin, C. R. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01084.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Babies, ‘bonding’ and ideas about parental ‘attachment’
Redshaw, M., & Martin, C. R. (2013) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2013.830383 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Poon, J. A., Turpyn, C. C., Hansen, A., Jacangelo, J., & Chaplin, T. M. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9729-x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Selective attention to fearful faces during pregnancy
Roos, A., Löchner, C., Kidd, M., van Honk, J., Vythilingum, B., & Stein, D. J. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.11.012 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Leung, B. M. Y., McDonald, S., Kaplan, B. J., Giesbrecht, G. F., & Tough, S. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-149 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationBright, M. A., Frick, J. E., Out, D., & Granger, D. A. (2014) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21209 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A preliminary study of cortisol reactivity and behavior problems in young children born premature
Bagner, D. M., Sheinkopf, S. J., Vohr, B. R., & Lester, B. M. (2010) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20464 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Elhassan, M. E., Miller, A. L., Vázquez, D. M., & Lumeng, J. C. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.1685 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Stress, Social Support and Coping in Pregnancy
Cameron, R. P., Wells, J. D., & Hobfoll, S. E. (1996) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910539600100204 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
THE IMPACT OF DEPRESSION ON MATERNAL RESPONSES TO INFANT FACES IN PREGNANCY
Macrae, J. A., Pearson, R. M., Lee, R., Chauhan, D., Bennert, K., Burns, A., Baxter, H., & Evans, J. (2015) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21538 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Becoming a Parent—Biobehavioral and Brain Science Perspectives
Swain, J. E. (2011) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2011.02.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Gunnar, M. R., & Talge, N. M. (2008). Neuroendocrine measures in developmental research. In L. A. Schmidt & S. J. Segalowitz (Eds.), Developmental Psychophysiology: Theory, Systems, and Applications (pp. 343-366). New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2013). Conditional process modeling: Using structural equation modeling to examine contingent causal processes. In G. R. Hancock & R. O. Mueller (Eds.), Structural Equation Modeling: A Second Course (2nd ed., pp. 219-266). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
- Oxford, M., & Finlay, D. (2013). NCAST caregiver/parent child interaction teaching manual (2nd ed.). Seattle, WA: NCAST Programs.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Lebel, C., MacKinnon, A., Bagshawe, M., Tomfohr-Madsen, L., & Giesbrecht, G. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.126 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Self-citationDiamond, L. M., & Alley, J. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104720 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Pregnancy as a period of risk, adaptation, and resilience for mothers and infants
Davis, E. P., & Narayan, A. J. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420001121 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
“Higher levels of social support also predicted infants’ more effective cortisol reactivity following a stressor partially mediated by both lower levels of prenatal depression and more positive Mother×Infant interactions (Thomas, Letourneau, Bryce, Campbell, & Giesbrecht, 2017).”
Letourneau, N. L., Dewey, D., Kaplan, B. J., Ntanda, H. N., Novick, J., Thomas, J. C., Deane, A., Leung, B. M. Y., Pon, K. J., Giesbrecht, G. F., et al. (2018) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174418000648 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationThomas, J. C., Letourneau, N. L., Campbell, T. S., Giesbrecht, G. F., & Apron Study Team (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000512 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationRobinson, R., Lahti‐Pulkkinen, M., Heinonen, K., Reynolds, R. M., & Räikkönen, K. (2018) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0173-y · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ortega, V. A., Mercer, E. M., Giesbrecht, G. F., & Arrieta, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.634539 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationLetourneau, N. L., Aghajafari, F., Bell, R. C., Deane, A. J., Dewey, D., Field, C. J., Giesbrecht, G. F., Kaplan, B. J., Leung, B. M. Y., & Ntanda, H. N. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047503 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationThe APrON Team, Letourneau, N. L., Leung, B. M. Y., Ntanda, H. N., Dewey, D., Deane, A. J., & Giesbrecht, G. F. (2019) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1775-1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationBleker, L. S., van Dammen, L., Leeflang, M., Limpens, J., Roseboom, T. J., & de Rooij, S. R. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.033 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Xie, M., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Wang, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.13575 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Integrative Review of Early Life Adversity and Cortisol Regulation in Pregnancy
Epstein, C. M., Houfek, J. F., Rice, M. J., & Weiss, S. J. (2021) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2020.12.006 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Addressing Adverse Childhood and Adult Experiences During Prenatal Care
Johnson, S. B., Kasparian, N. A., Cullum, A. S., FLANAGAN, T. A., Ponting, C., Kowalewski, L., & Main, E. K. (2023) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000005199 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Birmingham, W. C., & Holt‐Lunstad, J. (2018) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.03.023 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Salivary cortisol reactivity to psychological stressors in infancy: A meta-analysis
Puhakka, I., & Peltola, M. J. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104603 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M., Giesbrecht, G. F., Madsen, J. W., MacKinnon, A., Le, Y., & Doss, B. D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17030766 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationThe transition to parenthood in obstetrics: enhancing prenatal care for 2-generation impact
Monk, C., Dimidjian, S., Galinsky, E., Gregory, K. D., Hoffman, M. C., Howell, E. A., Miller, E. S., Osborne, C., Rogers, C. E., Saxbe, D. E., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100678 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Barclay, M. E., Rinne, G. R., Somers, J. A., Lee, S. S., Coussons‐Read, M. E., & Schetter, C. D. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-01006-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Poverty, caregiving, and HPA-axis activity in early childhood
Holochwost, S. J., Towe‐Goodman, N. R., Rehder, P. D., Guan, W., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2020) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2020.100898 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Infant DNA methylation: an early indicator of intergenerational trauma?
Moore, S. R., Merrill, S. M., Sekhon, B., MacIsaac, J. L., Kobor, M. S., Giesbrecht, G. F., & Letourneau, N. L. (2021) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105519 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationRoss, K. M., Thomas, J. C., Letourneau, N. L., Campbell, T. S., & Giesbrecht, G. F. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.005 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationDownes, N., Kallas, K.-A., Moirangthem, S., Maguet, C., Marr, K., Tafflet, M., Kirschbaum, C., Heude, B., Koehl, M., & van der Waerden, J. E. B. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106957 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Social Support Buffers the Effects of Prenatal Depressed Mood: A Mixed-Methods Study
Epstein, C. M., Rice, M. J., French, J. A., Kupzyk, K. A., & Houfek, J. F. (2022) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/10783903211073793 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bleker, L. S., de Rooij, S. R., & Roseboom, T. J. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2018-0381 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Somers, J. A., Winstone, L. K., Rinne, G. R., Curci, S. G., & Barclay, M. E. (2024) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2024.200331 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kurbatfinski, S., Woo, J., Ntanda, H. N., Giesbrecht, G. F., & Letourneau, N. L. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11081022 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationScher, M. S., Adalat, S., Eyre, H. A., Msall, M. E., Ramey, S. L., Ramey, C. T., Cristancho, A. G., & Markvarde, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1756627 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Willford, J. A., & Kaufman, J. M. (2024) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107384 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Marshall, E., Gramszlo, C., Ramirez, A. P., Kazak, A. E., Shillingford, A. J., Ortinau, C. M., Kelly, S. L., Kasparian, N. A., Edwards, L. A., Divanovic, A. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/s41372-025-02250-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kurbatfinski, S., Dosani, A., Hayes, A. F., Dewey, D., & Letourneau, N. L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1596613 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationDixon, M. A., Chandrasekaran, S., Chang, H. H., Kramer, M. R., Lewis, T. T., & Howards, P. P. (2026) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.70113 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kurbatfinski, S., Ntanda, H. N., Mullin, J., Dewey, D., Leung, B. M. Y., & Letourneau, N. L. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12050535 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom pregnancy to postpartum: Biobehavioral predictors and mechanisms of early parenting
Hechler, C. (2018) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University)
Salivary Cortisol Reactivity to Psychological Stressors in Infancy: A Meta-AnalysisPreprint
Puhakka, I., & Peltola, M. J. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/c569p
Relationship between Husband's Support and Pregnant Women's Adaptability
Nugraha, M. A., Keliat, B. A., & Mustikasari, M. (2025) · Dunia keperawatan Jurnal keperawatan dan kesehatan · doi:10.20527/jdk.v13i1.501
Santé mentale en période périnatale : comment améliorer la formation des sages-femmes ?
Dubreucq, M. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/6ea7911dze01dz4c07z8bbaz5970126227bf
Neighborhood Deprivation and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Dixon, M. A., Chandrasekaran, S., Chang, H. H., Kramer, M. R., Lewis, T. T., & Howards, P. P. (2026) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000002025
Biden, E. J., Spry, E., Greenwood, C. J., Letcher, P., Harverson, J., Sabrova, A., Hoffman, S., Gandhi, M. N., Francis, L. M., Mansour, K. A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.70677
- Authors
- Thomas, J. C., Letourneau, N., Bryce, C. I., Campbell, T. S., Giesbrecht, G. F., & The APrON Study Team
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Giesbrecht, Gerald F.
- Venue
- Developmental Psychobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-02-21
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 425-435
- ISSN
- 0012-1630 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-2302
- OpenAlex
- W2591425147
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Developmental Psychobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions
- Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Alberta Centre for Child, Family and Community Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- biological embedding, maternal depression, prenatal adversity, stress reactivity, serial mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child Development, Depression, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Social Environment, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Spouses, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
