Peptide hormones regulating appetite—focus on neuroimaging studies in humans
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In recent years, knowledge about hormonal feedback from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue has increased tremendously. Peptide hormones modulating hunger have been intensively studied, mostly in animals but increasingly also in humans. The first therapeutic agents, such as GLP‐1 analogues, are in successful clinical use for T2D and may beneficially affect hunger and reduce weight. Data from in vitro studies and animals provide detailed insight into regulatory mechanisms leading to peptide secretion and receptor bindings, as well as to the distribution of receptors involved in different parts of the body. With neuroimaging techniques human brain structures have been identified that play a role in hunger, satiety and eating behaviour. These include the primary gustatory (insular) and olfactory (pyriform) cortex and regions with a highly permeable blood‐brain barrier (hypothalamus, brain stem), which facilitates humoral input via gut peptides and leptin. In addition, cerebral networks involved in higher cognitive functions, especially those relevant to reward, pleasure and also addiction (ventral and dorsal striatum, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), prefrontal cortex (PFC)) were shown to be involved. First indications of direct influences of peptide hormones on these networks have become available from neuroimaging studies administrating synthetic PYY, ghrelin and leptin. Insulin also appears to play an important role as a central satiety hormone, and evidence indicating the possibility of central insulin resistance in obesity is available. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Genetic, pharmacological, and neuroimaging evidence shows direct influences of peptide hormones PYY, ghrelin, and leptin on DA-modulated regions involved in reward, self-control, interoception, emotions, habits, and learning memory.
“new genetic, pharmacological and neuroimaging evidence showing direct influences of certain peptide hormones (e.g. peptide YY [PYY], ghrelin and leptin) on DA-modulated regions including those involved in reward (VTA, NAc and ventral pallidum), self-control (prefrontal cortices), interoception (cingulate, insula), emotions (amygdala), habits and routines (dorsal striatum) and learning memory (hipp”
From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Schloegl, H., Percik, R., Horstmann, A., Villringer, A., & Stumvoll, M.
- Affiliations
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Sheba Medical Center (IL)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (DE)
- Venue
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 104-112
- ISSN
- 1520-7552 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-7560
- OpenAlex
- W2074933180
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- zenodo.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- peptide hormones, appetite regulation, hunger, satiety, eating behaviour, GLP-1 analogues, type 2 diabetes, leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY, insulin, central insulin resistance, obesity, gut-brain axis, hypothalamus, blood-brain barrier, neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetite Regulation, Brain, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Hunger, Peptide Hormones
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