Dynamic Properties of Human Brain Structure: Learning-Related Changes in Cortical Areas and Associated Fiber Connections
Open accessAbstract
Recent findings in neuroscience suggest that adult brain structure changes in response to environmental alterations and skill learning. Whereas much is known about structural changes after intensive practice for several months, little is known about the effects of single practice sessions on macroscopic brain structure and about progressive (dynamic) morphological alterations relative to improved task proficiency during learning for several weeks. Using T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging in humans, we demonstrate significant gray matter volume increases in frontal and parietal brain areas following only two sessions of practice in a complex whole-body balancing task. Gray matter volume increase in the prefrontal cortex correlated positively with subject's performance improvements during a 6 week learning period. Furthermore, we found that microstructural changes of fractional anisotropy in corresponding white matter regions followed the same temporal dynamic in relation to task performance. The results make clear how marginal alterations in our ever changing environment affect adult brain structure and elucidate the interrelated reorganization in cortical areas and associated fiber connections in correlation with improvements in task performance.
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Even slight but powerful everyday life experiences can affect brain structure, as demonstrated by an interventional study on a complex whole-body balancing task.
“It seems that even slight but powerful everyday life experiences can affect brain structure as demonstrated by an interventional study on a complex whole-body balancing task in which participants learned new balancing skills which resulted in decreased FA in prefrontal white matter (Taubert et al., 2010).”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and white matter plasticity in individuals with subclinical depression and psychotic experiences: A Randomised Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as Taubert et al., 2010
Some studies did not find significant effects of exercise on cortical architecture.
“However, others did not find significant effect, eg, on cortical architecture. 20-22”
From Physical exercise keeps the brain connected: biking increases white matter integrity in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. (2015) · cites this paper as [21]
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“…that even slight but powerful everyday life experiences can affect brain structure as demonstrated by an interventional study on a complex whole-body balancing task in which participants learned new balancing skills which resulted in decreased FA in prefrontal white matter (Taubert et al., 2010).”
- Authors
- Taubert, M., Draganski, B., Anwander, A., Müller, K., Horstmann, A., Villringer, A., & Ragert, P.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-09-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 35
- Pages
- 11670-11677
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6633410
- OpenAlex
- W2077073169
- Cited by
- 514
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 19.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- neuroplasticity, gray matter volume, white matter microstructure, fractional anisotropy, skill acquisition, prefrontal cortex, frontal and parietal cortex, task performance, cortical reorganization, fiber connections
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Postural Balance, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Psychomotor Performance, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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