Effect of fasting on serum leptin in normal human subjects
Abstract
We have studied the effect of fasting on serum leptin levels in normal volunteers. Five normal-weight (BMI < 28, 2 males/3 females) and five obese subjects (BMI > 28, 2 males/3 females) were fasted (0 Kcal) for 52 h. Mean plasma glucose decreased from 88 +/- 3 to 63 +/- 5 mg/dl, serum insulin from 16 +/- 1 to 10 +/- 1 microU/ml, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate increased from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 1.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/ml. Serum leptin levels were higher in the obese than in the normal-weight volunteers (31 +/- 12 vs 11 +/- 3 ng/ml, p < 0.01). In the obese, serum leptin decreased from 31 +/- 10 to 12 +/- 5 ng/ml aft552 h (-72%, p < 0.001); in the normal-weight it decreased from 11 +/- 3 to 4 +/- 0.5 ng/ml (-64%, p < 0.001). Serum leptin correlated positively with serum insulin (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and with plasma glucose (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). To determine effects of fasting induced decreases in plasma glucose and insulin on serum leptin, four normal subjects (3 males/1 female) were fasted for 72 h while their plasma glucose was clamped at basal levels with a variable rate glucose infusion. In these volunteers, serum leptin and insulin concentrations remained unchanged. In summary, the rapid decrease in serum leptin levels during fasting indicated that leptin release was regulated by factors other than changes in body fat mass. The lack of leptin changes during fasting, when basal insulin and glucose levels were maintained at basal levels, suggested that insulin and/or glucose may play a role in the regulation of leptin release.
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Short-term fasting results in a rapid and marked decline in leptin levels out of proportion to the loss of fat mass.
“Short-term fasting results in a rapid and marked decline in leptin levels out of proportion to the loss of fat mass (11, 12), and it has been proposed that this most likely serves as an adaptive mechanism to promote survival and limit procreation during starvation (8).”
From The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men (2003) · cites this paper as [11]
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Franchimont, D. P., Roland, S., Gustot, T., Quertinmont, E., Toubouti, Y. M., Gervy, M.-C., Deviere, J. M., & Gossum, A. V. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1222 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
- Authors
- Boden, G.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1996-09-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3419-3423
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2154006548
- Cited by
- 809
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 16.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa010221-03)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01-AA-10221)
- National Institute on Aging (R01-AG-0798)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-349)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- leptin, fasting, serum leptin, obesity, insulin, plasma glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, leptin regulation, glucose clamp
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Fasting, Female, Humans, Hydroxybutyrates, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Proteins, Reference Values, Body Mass Index, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Leptin
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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