Cited by 142Psychedelics and Drug StudiesForensic Toxicology and Drug AnalysisAlkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology

A critical review of reports of endogenous psychedelic N, N-dimethyltryptamines in humans: 1955-2010.

Barker, Steven A., McIlhenny, Ethan H., Strassman, Rick·2012·Drug Testing and Analysis

Abstract

Three indole alkaloids that possess differing degrees of psychotropic/psychedelic activity have been reported as endogenous substances in humans; N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5‐hydroxy‐DMT (bufotenine, HDMT), and 5‐methoxy‐DMT (MDMT). We have undertaken a critical review of 69 published studies reporting the detection or detection and quantitation of these compounds in human body fluids. In reviewing this literature, we address the methods applied and the criteria used in the determination of the presence of DMT, MDMT, and HDMT. The review provides a historical perspective of the research conducted from 1955 to 2010, summarizing the findings for the individual compounds in blood, urine, and/or cerebrospinal fluid. A critique of the data is offered that addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the methods and approaches to date. The review also discusses the shortcomings of the existing data in light of more recent findings and how these may be overcome. Suggestions for the future directions of endogenous psychedelics research are offered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/dta.422

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103 of 103 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Barker, S. A., McIlhenny, E. H., & Strassman, R.
Affiliations
  • Louisiana State University (US)
  • University of New Mexico (US)
Corresponding author
Barker, Steven A.
Venue
Drug Testing and Analysis
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-02-28
Volume
4
Issue
7-8
Pages
617-635
ISSN
  • 1942-7603 (ISSN-L)
  • 1942-7611
OpenAlex
W1822863173
Cited by
142
References
104
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
FWCI
1.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Drug Testing and Analysis (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UNM’s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
Keywords
N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bufotenine, indole alkaloids, human body fluids, blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, detection methods, psychotropic activity, history of research
MeSH terms
Bufotenin, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Hallucinogens, Humans, Methoxydimethyltryptamines, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century

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