Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities

Szabo, Attila

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00358

Cited by 150Psychedelics and Drug StudiesTryptophan and brain disordersPharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects

Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities

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Szabo, Attila·2015·Frontiers in Immunology

DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00358PMC PMC4500993

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Abstract

Classical psychedelics are psychoactive substances, which, besides their psychopharmacological activity, have also been shown to exert significant modulatory effects on immune responses by altering signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cellular proliferation, and cell survival via activating NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Recently, several neurotransmitter receptors involved in the pharmacology of psychedelics, such as serotonin and sigma-1 receptors, have also been shown to play crucial roles in numerous immunological processes. This emerging field also offers promising treatment modalities in the therapy of various diseases including autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions, infections, and cancer. However, the scarcity of available review literature renders the topic unclear and obscure, mostly posing psychedelics as illicit drugs of abuse and not as physiologically relevant molecules or as possible agents of future pharmacotherapies. In this paper, the immunomodulatory potential of classical serotonergic psychedelics, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine will be discussed from a perspective of molecular immunology and pharmacology. Special attention will be given to the functional interaction of serotonin and sigma-1 receptors and their cross-talk with toll-like and RIG-I-like pattern-recognition receptor-mediated signaling. Furthermore, novel approaches will be suggested feasible for the treatment of diseases with chronic inflammatory etiology and pathology, such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease.

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DMT and 5-MeO-DMT exert potent anti-inflammatory effects through the modulation of innate and adaptive immune processes.
“DMT and 5-MeO-DMT have also been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects through the modulation of innate and adaptive immune processes (Szabo 2015; Szabo et al. 2014).”
From Prospective examination of synthetic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine inhalation: effects on salivary IL-6, cortisol levels, affect, and non-judgment (2020) · cites this paper as Szabo 2015

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“This led to the hypothesis that DMT is an endogenous hallucinogen (96, 97), and later it was proposed to be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator (98).”
Background
Cell‐Mediated Immune Response in MDMA Users After Repeated Dose Administration
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“However, we hypothesized that salivary stress and immune biomarkers would allow further exploration of the association between anti-inflammatory (Szabo 2015; Szabo et al. 2014), and mental health effects related to the inhalation of 5-MeO-DMT (Uthaug et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Anti-rheumatic activity of pseudoephedrine (a substituted phenethylamine) in complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by down regulating IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as upregulating IL-4 and IL-10
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Retracted
Psychedelic Psychiatry and the Consult-Liaison Psychiatrist: A Primer
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Authors: Szabo, A.
Venue: Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2015-07-14
Volume: 6
Pages: 358-358
ISSN: 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00358
PMC: PMC4500993
OpenAlex: W1522923028
Cited by: 150
References: 154
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 11
FWCI: 1.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: European Commission (-2012-0001, A/2-11-1-2012-0001, TÁMOP‐4.2.4.A/2‐11/1‐2012‐0001, 4.2.4.A/2-11-1-2012-0001)
European Social Fund (A/2–11/1-2012-0001, TÁMOP 4.2.4, -2012-0001)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects
Keywords: psychedelics, immunomodulation, serotonergic psychedelics, serotonin receptors, sigma-1 receptor, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-MeO-DMT, LSD, MDMA, NF-κB signaling, MAPK signaling, pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's disease, cancer immunotherapy

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Psychedelics and Immunomodulation: Novel Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities

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