Social identity, self‐esteem, and mental health in autism

Cooper, Kate; Smith, Laura G. E.; Russell, Ailsa

doi:10.1002/ejsp.2297

Cited by 355Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchSocial and Intergroup PsychologyIdentity, Memory, and Therapy

Social identity, self‐esteem, and mental health in autism

Open access

Cooper, Kate, Smith, Laura G. E., Russell, Ailsa·2017·European Journal of Social Psychology

DOI 10.1002/ejsp.2297

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Abstract

We investigated Autism social identity and mental health in autistic people. Autistic people have social and communication deficits, and experience social stigma—factors that could interfere with the development of positive social identity. Indeed, autistic participants ( N = 272) had significantly lower personal self‐esteem, and higher levels of depression and anxiety than typically developing controls ( N = 267). Autism social identification was positively associated with personal self‐esteem, and this relationship was mediated by collective self‐esteem (perceived positivity of Autism identity). Furthermore, there were significant negative indirect effects between Autism identification and anxiety, and between Autism identification and depression, through increases in collective self‐esteem and personal self‐esteem. Thus, while autistic participants reported poorer mental health than average, having a positive Autism social identity appeared to offer a protective mechanism. This implies that to improve mental health in the Autism population, clinical approaches should aim to facilitate development of positive Autism identities.

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“Autistic people experience marginalization and dehumanization across societal levels (e.g., family, school, and community; Botha & Frost, 2020; Cooper et al., 2017; Han et al., 2022; Turnock et al., 2022), which can be internalized about one’s autistic identity.”
Background
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Hodge, N., Rice, E. J., & Reidy, L. (2019) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2019.1594700 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Review Protocol - Autistic identity: A systematic review of quantitative researchPreprint
Davies, J., Killick, E., Redmayne, B., Crane, L., Cooper, K., Mandy, W., & Sam, E. (2023) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Self-citation
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The impact of a positive autism identity and autistic community solidarity on social anxiety and mental health in autistic young people
Cooper, K., Russell, A., Lei, J., & Smith, L. G. E. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221118351 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
Assessing Social Identity in Autistic Individuals: Evaluating A Self-Report Questionnaire in the Netherlands
Krijnen, L. J. G., Rippe, R., Begeer, S., & Plak, R. D. (2026) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613261431269
Investigating Individual Variability in Autistic Identity and Its Moderating Effects on Mental Health and Quality of Life
Terroso, S. R. (2025) · Rowan Digitals Works (Rowan University)

Authors: Cooper, K., Smith, L. G. E., & Russell, A.
Affiliations: University of Bath (GB)
Corresponding author: Cooper, Kate
ORCID: Cooper, Kate
Smith, Laura G. E.
Russell, Ailsa
Venue: European Journal of Social Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2017-10-02
Volume: 47
Issue: 7
Pages: 844-854
ISSN: 0046-2772 (ISSN-L)
1099-0992
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2297
OpenAlex: W2593228649
Cited by: 354
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 49 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3
FWCI: 7.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
researchportal.bath.ac.uk
Licence: other-oa
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath) (submittedVersion)
Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, social identity, self-esteem, collective self-esteem, mental health, depression, anxiety, social stigma, autism identity, protective factors

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