Abnormal hippocampal morphology in dissociative identity disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder correlates with childhood trauma and dissociative symptoms
Open accessAbstract
Smaller hippocampal volume has been reported in individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative identity disorder (DID), but the regional specificity of hippocampal volume reductions and the association with severity of dissociative symptoms and/or childhood traumatization are still unclear. Brain structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed for 33 outpatients (17 with DID and 16 with PTSD only) and 28 healthy controls (HC), all matched for age, sex, and education. DID patients met criteria for PTSD (PTSD–DID). Hippocampal global and subfield volumes and shape measurements were extracted. We found that global hippocampal volume was significantly smaller in all 33 patients (left: 6.75%; right: 8.33%) compared with HC. PTSD–DID (left: 10.19%; right: 11.37%) and PTSD‐only with a history of childhood traumatization (left: 7.11%; right: 7.31%) had significantly smaller global hippocampal volume relative to HC. PTSD–DID had abnormal shape and significantly smaller volume in the CA2‐3, CA4‐DG and (pre)subiculum compared with HC. In the patient groups, smaller global and subfield hippocampal volumes significantly correlated with higher severity of childhood traumatization and dissociative symptoms. These findings support a childhood trauma‐related etiology for abnormal hippocampal morphology in both PTSD and DID and can further the understanding of neurobiological mechanisms involved in these disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1692–1704, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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In individuals with PTSD with and without comorbid DID, the PTSD-DID group had smaller global and subfield hippocampal volume.
“where the authors reported smaller global and subfield hippocampal volume among the PTSD-DID group”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Chalavi et al., 2015
In individuals with PTSD with and without comorbid DID, smaller subfield hippocampal volume correlated with dissociative symptoms in both PTSD groups.
“and smaller subfield hippocampal volume correlated with dissociative symptoms in both PTSD groups (Chalavi et al., 2015)”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Chalavi et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Chalavi, S., Vissia, E. M., Giesen, M. E., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Draijer, N., Cole, J. H., Dazzan, P., Pariante, C. M., Madsen, S. K., Rajagopalan, P., Thompson, P. M., Toga, A. W., Veltman, D. J., & Reinders, A. A. T. S.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Top Referent Trauma Center Mental Health Care Drenthe Assen The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reinders, Antje A.T.S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-12-29
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1692-1704
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC4400262
- OpenAlex
- W2139659944
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 7.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research
- National Institutes of Health (P41EB015922)
- David Caul graduate research grant
- Kings College London Translational Research Grant the Psychiatry Research Trust and NARSAD
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research and NWO-VENI (451-07-009)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- dissociative identity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, hippocampal morphology, hippocampal volume, childhood trauma, dissociative symptoms, hippocampal subfields, CA2/3, subiculum, hippocampal shape, neurobiology of trauma
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dissociative Identity Disorder, Organ Size, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
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