Ghrelin promotes midbrain neural stem cells differentiation to dopaminergic neurons through Wnt/β‐catenin pathway

Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach

Kojima, M., Hosoda, H., Date, Y., Nakazato, M., Matsuo, H., & Kangawa, K. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/45230 · Cited by 8,479 · see citing works

Mammalian neural stem cells.

Gage, F. H. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5457.1433 · Cited by 3,949 · see citing works

Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain

Doetsch, F., Caillé, I., Lim, D. A., García-Verdugo, J. M., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80783-7 · Cited by 3,898 · see citing works

Regeneration beyond the glial scar

Silver, J., & Miller, J. H. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1326 · Cited by 3,090 · see citing works

The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems.

(2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2,540 · see citing works

Identification of a Neural Stem Cell in the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System

Johansson, C. B., Momma, S., Clarke, D. L., Risling, M., Lendahl, U., & Frisén, J. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80956-3 · Cited by 1,875 · see citing works

Oxygen in Stem Cell Biology: A Critical Component of the Stem Cell Niche

Mohyeldin, A., Garzón-Muvdi, T., & Quiñones‐Hinojosa, A. (2010) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.07.007 · Cited by 1,536 · see citing works

Ghrelin

Müller, T. D., Nogueiras, R., Andermann, M. L., Andrews, Z. B., Anker, S. D., Argente, J., Batterham, R. L., Benoit, S. C., Bowers, C. Y., Broglio, F., et al. (2015) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2015.03.005 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works

Adult SVZ stem cells lie in a vascular niche: a quantitative analysis of niche cell-cell interactions

Shen, Q., Wang, Y., Kokovay, E., Lin, G., Chuang, S.-M., Goderie, S. K., Roysam, B., & Temple, S. (2008) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.026 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works

Survival and differentiation of adult neuronal progenitor cells transplanted to the adult brain.

Gage, F. H., Coates, P. W., Palmer, T. D., Kuhn, H. G., Fisher, L. J., Suhonen, J., Peterson, D. A., Suhr, S. T., & Ray, J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.25.11879 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works

From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

Rogers, G. B., Keating, D. J., Young, R. L., Wong, M.-L., Licinio, J., & Wesselingh, S. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.50 · Cited by 969 · see citing works

Neurogenin promotes neurogenesis and inhibits glial differentiation by independent mechanisms.

Sun, Y., Nadal-Vicens, M., Misono, S., Lin, M. Z., Zubiaga, A., Hua, X., Fan, G., & Greenberg, M. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00224-0 · Cited by 823 · see citing works

Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis: Five Decades Later

Bond, A. M., Ming, G.-L., & Song, H. (2015) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.09.003 · Cited by 791 · see citing works

Nurr1 is essential for the induction of the dopaminergic phenotype and the survival of ventral mesencephalic late dopaminergic precursor neurons

Cárdenas, O. S., Quintana-Hau, J. D. D., Le, W., Smidt, M. P., Cox, J. J., Mayo, F. J. D., Burbach, J. P. H., & Conneely, O. M. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.4013 · Cited by 744 · see citing works

Notch Receptor Activation Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Differentiation

Wang, S., Sdrulla, A. D., diSibio, G., Bush, G., Nofziger, D., Hicks, C. D., Weinmaster, G., & Barres, B. A. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80515-2 · Cited by 706 · see citing works

Generation of Regionally Specified Neural Progenitors and Functional Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells under Defined Conditions

Kirkeby, A., Grealish, S., Wolf, D. A., Nelander, J., Wood, J., Lundblad, M., Lindvall, O., & Parmar, M. (2012) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.04.009 · Cited by 662 · see citing works

Anxiety, depression, and the microbiome: A role for gut peptides

Lach, G., Schellekens, H., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2018) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0585-0 · Cited by 573 · see citing works

Neuropeptides and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Holzer, P., & Farzi, A. (2014) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_9 · Cited by 451 · see citing works

MicroRNA-Mediated Control of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation

Zhao, X., He, X., Han, X., Yu, Y., Ye, F., Chen, Y., Hoang, T., Xu, X., Mi, Q.-S., Xin, M., et al. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.018 · Cited by 443 · see citing works

Differential regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron development by Wnt-1, Wnt-3a, and Wnt-5a

Castelo‐Branco, G., Wagner, J., Rodríguez, F. J., Kele, J., Sousa, K. M., Rawal, N., Pasolli, H. A., Fuchs, E. V., Kitajewski, J., & Arenas, E. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1534900100 · Cited by 367 · see citing works

Cell-based therapies for Parkinson disease—past insights and future potential

Barker, R. A., Drouin‐Ouellet, J., & Parmar, M. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.123 · Cited by 310 · see citing works

How to make a midbrain dopaminergic neuron

Arenas, E., Denham, M., & Villaescusa, C. (2015) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.097394 · Cited by 306 · see citing works

Age-Dependent Niche Signals from the Choroid Plexus Regulate Adult Neural Stem Cells

Silva-Vargas, V., Maldonado-Soto, A. R., Mizrak, D., Codega, P., & Doetsch, F. (2016) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2016.06.013 · Cited by 306 · see citing works

Ghrelin promotes and protects nigrostriatal dopamine function via a UCP2-dependent mitochondrial mechanism

Andrews, Z. B., Erion, D., Beiler, R., Liu, Z.-W., Abizaid, A., Zigman, J., Elsworth, J. D., Savitt, J. M., DiMarchi, R., Tschöp, M., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3890-09.2009 · Cited by 289 · see citing works

Predictive Markers Guide Differentiation to Improve Graft Outcome in Clinical Translation of hESC-Based Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

Kirkeby, A., Nolbrant, S., Tiklová, K., Heuer, A., Kee, N., Cardoso, T., Ottosson, D. R., Lelos, M. J., Rifes, P., Dunnett, S. B., et al. (2016) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2016.09.004 · Cited by 259 · see citing works

Glial Biology in Learning and Cognition

Fields, R. D., Araque, A., Johansen-Berg, H., Lim, S.-S., Lynch, G., Nave, K.-A., Nedergaard, M., Perez, R., Sejnowski, T., & Wake, H. (2014) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858413504465 · Cited by 232 · see citing works

Characterization of Ghrelin-Like Immunoreactivity in Human Plasma

Patterson, M., Murphy, K. G., le Roux, C. W., Ghatei, M. A., & Bloom, S. R. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1641 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

Ghrelin antagonizes MPTP-induced neurotoxicity to the dopaminergic neurons in mouse substantia nigra

Jiang, H., Li, L.-J., Wang, J., & Xie, J.-X. (2008) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.05.006 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Pluripotent Stem Cell-based therapy for Parkinson’s disease: current status and future prospects

Sonntag, K. C., Song, B., Lee, N., Jung, J., Cha, Y.-G., Leblanc, P., Neff, C., Kong, S., Carter, B., Schweitzer, J. S., et al. (2018) · Progress in neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.04.005 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Ghrelin stimulates neurogenesis in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

Zhang, W., Lin, T. R.-Y., Hu, Y., Fan, Y., Zhao, L., Stuenkel, E. L., & Mulholland, M. W. (2004) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.064121 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

GDNF–Ret signaling in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and its implication for Parkinson disease

Kramer, E. R., & Liss, B. (2015) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.006 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Gut–brain axis biochemical signalling from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system: gut dysbiosis and altered brain function

Arneth, B. M. (2018) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135424 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Ghrelin directly stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis: implications for learning and memory.

Li, E., Chung, H., Kim, Y., Kim, D. H., Ryu, J., Sato, T., Kojima, M., & Park, S. (2013) · Endocrine journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0008 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Bdnf gene is a downstream target of Nurr1 transcription factor in rat midbrain neurons in vitro

Volpicelli, F., Caiazzo, M., Greco, D., Consales, C., Leone, L., Perrone‐Capano, C., D’Amato, L. C., & di Porzio, U. (2007) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04494.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Des‐Acyl Ghrelin Directly Targets the Arcuate Nucleus in a Ghrelin‐Receptor Independent Manner and Impairs the Orexigenic Effect of Ghrelin

Fernández, G., Cabral, A., Cornejo, M. P., Francesco, P. N. D., Romero, G. G., Reynaldo, M. B., & Perelló, M. (2015) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12349 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Inhibition of apoptotic cell death by ghrelin improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Lee, J., Chung, H., Yoo, Y., Oh, Y., Oh, T., Park, S., & Yune, T. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-1416 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Ghrelin Regulates Glucose and Glutamate Transporters in Hypothalamic Astrocytes

Fuente-Martín, E., García-Cáceres, C., Argente-Arizón, P., Díaz, F., Granado, M., Freire-Regatillo, A., Castro-González, D., Ceballos, M. L., Frago, L. M., Dickson, S. L., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep23673 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Ghrelin is neuroprotective in Parkinson’s disease: molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuroprotection

Bayliss, J. A., & Andrews, Z. B. (2013) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018813479645 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Ghrelin and the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Constitute a Novel Autocrine Pathway in Astrocytoma Motility

Dixit, V. D., Weeraratna, A. T., Yang, H., Bertak, D., Cooper-Jenkins, A., Riggins, G. J., Eberhart, C. G., & Taub, D. D. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m600223200 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Multiple signaling pathways mediate ghrelin-induced proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells

Chung, H., Li, E., Kim, Y., Kim, S., & Park, S. (2013) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-13-0045 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Ghrelin and Neurodegenerative Disorders—a Review

Shi, L.-M., Du, X.-X., Jiang, H., & Xie, J.-X. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-9729-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Should We Consider Des-Acyl Ghrelin as a Separate Hormone and If So, What Does It Do?

Delhanty, P. J. D., Neggers, S. J. C. M. M., & van der Lely, A. J. (2014) · Frontiers of hormone research · doi:10.1159/000358345 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Ghrelin induces cell migration through GHS-R, CaMKII, AMPK, and NF-κB signaling pathway in glioma cells

Chen, J.-H., Huang, S.-M., Chen, C., Tsai, C.-F., Yeh, W., Chou, S.-J., Hsieh, W., & Lu, D. (2011) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.23209 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

The neurological effects of ghrelin in brain diseases: Beyond metabolic functions

Jiao, Q., Du, X., Li, Y., Gong, B., Shi, L., Tang, T., & Jiang, H. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.010 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Ghrelin inhibits LPS-induced release of IL-6 from mouse dopaminergic neurones

Beynon, A. L., Brown, M. R., Wright, R., Rees, M., Sheldon, I., & Davies, J. S. (2013) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-40 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β and Activin/Nodal Inhibition in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Induces a Pre‐Neuroepithelial State That Is Required for Specification to a Floor Plate Cell Lineage

Denham, M., Bye, C. R., Leung, J., Conley, B. J., Thompson, L. H., & Dottori, M. (2012) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.1204 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Stimulation of neurogenesis in rat nucleus of the solitary tract by ghrelin

Zhang, W., Hu, Y., Lin, T. R.-Y., Fan, Y., & Mulholland, M. W. (2005) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.04.023 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Phenotypic Reprogramming of Striatal Neurons into Dopaminergic Neuron-like Cells in the Adult Mouse Brain

Niu, W., Zang, T., Wang, L.-L., Zou, Y., & Zhang, C. (2018) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.09.004 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Ghrelin contributes to derangements of glucose metabolism induced by rapamycin in mice

Xu, G., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Li, Z., Tang, H. W., Zhao, J., Xiang, X., Ding, L., Ma, L., Yuan, F., et al. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2509-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Ghrelin stimulates proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural progenitors from the subventricular zone in the adult mice

Li, E., Kim, Y., Kim, S., Sato, T., Kojima, M., & Park, S. (2013) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.021 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Ghrelin inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death of oligodendrocytes via ERK and p38MAPK signaling.

Lee, J., Oh, T., & Yune, T. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-0090 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Ghrelin-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and enhancement of cognitive function are mediated independently of GH/IGF-1 axis: lessons from the spontaneous dwarf rats.

Li, E., Kim, Y., Kim, S., & Park, S. (2013) · Endocrine journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0045 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit aromatase expression and activity in human adipose stromal cells: suppression of cAMP as a possible mechanism

Docanto, M. M., Yang, F., Callaghan, B. P., Au, C. C., Ragavan, R., Wang, X., Furness, J. B., Andrews, Z. B., & Brown, K. A. (2014) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-014-3060-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Neurotrophin-3 gene transduction of mouse neural stem cells promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures

Lü, H., Hao, Z., Jiao, Q., Xie, W.-L., Zhang, J., Lu, Y.-F., Cai, M., Parker, T. L., & Liu, Y. (2011) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.882039 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Neural Stem Cells Transfected with Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Promote Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia

Tian, L., Zhu, W., Liu, Y., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-019-00405-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Ghrelin stimulates synaptic formation in cultured cortical networks in a dose-dependent manner

Stoyanova, I. I., le Feber, J., & Rutten, W. L. C. (2013) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2013.07.004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Donepezil promotes differentiation of neural stem cells into mature oligodendrocytes at the expense of astrogenesis

Imamura, O., Arai, M., Dateki, M., & Takishima, K. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13856 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Involvement of orexin-A in the regulation of neuronal activity and emotional behaviors in central amygdala in rats

Pan, Y.-P., Liu, C., Liu, M., Wang, Y., Bian, K., Xue, Y., & Chen, L. (2020) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2020.102019 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

The Mental Retardation-Associated Protein srGAP3 Regulates Survival, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Rat Embryonic Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells

Lü, H., Jiao, Q., Wang, Y., et al. (2013) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2012.0455 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Quantification of Ghrelin and Des-Acyl Ghrelin in Human Plasma by Using Cubic-Selected Reaction-Monitoring LCMS

Sidibé, J., Varesio, E., & Gérard Hopfgartner, D. (2014) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio.14.108 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Des-acyl-ghrelin (DAG) normalizes hyperlactacidemia and improves survival in a lethal rat model of burn trauma

Sheriff, S., Kadeer, N., Friend, L. A., James, J. H., Alexander, J. W., & Balasubramaniam, A. (2014) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.010 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

[Organotypic slice culture of neonatal rat cortex and induced neural stem cell differentiation].

Jiao, Q., Zhang, H., Lv, H.-X., et al. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Wnt/β-catenin signalling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities

Liu, J., Xiao, Q., Xiao, J., Niu, C., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zhou, Z., Shu, G., & Yin, G. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00762-6 · Cited by 2,519 · see citing works

Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Loh, J. S., Mak, W. Q., Tan, L. K. S., Ng, C. X., Chan, H. H., Yeow, S. H., Foo, J. B., Ong, Y. S., How, C. W., & Khaw, K. Y. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works

Acylated Ghrelin is Protective Against 6-OHDA-induced Neurotoxicity by Regulating Autophagic Flux

He, X., Yuan, W., Liu, F., Feng, J., & Guo, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.586302 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoforms in human glial tumors

Revishchin, A. V., Parshina, V. V., & Pavlova, G. V. (2022) · Burdenko s Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.17116/neiro202286061106 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Expression of GDNF in Gastric Wall of Slow Transit Constipation Rats and Effect of Exogenous GDNF

Bi, L. (2010) · Weichangbingxue · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) replacement attenuates motor impairments and nigrostriatal dopamine deficits in 12-month-old mice with a partial deletion of GDNF

Littrell, O. M., Granholm, A., Gerhardt, G. A., & Boger, H. A. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2012.12.022 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

A commentary on glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)

Bohn, M. C. (1999) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00280-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) therapy for Parkinson's disease.

Yasuhara, T., Shingo, T., & Date, I. (2007) · PubMed · doi:10.18926/amo/32888 · Cited by 43 · see citing works