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Cited by 15Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and AssessmentsDigital Mental Health Interventions

A scoping review investigating the use of exposure for the treatment and targeted prevention of anxiety and related disorders in young people

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Teunisse, Alessandra K., Pembroke, Lorna, O’Gradey‐Lee, Maddison, Sy, Megan, Rapee, Ronald M., Wuthrich, Viviana M., Creswell, Cathy, Hudson, Jennifer L.·2022·JCPP Advances
DOI 10.1002/jcv2.12080PMC PMC10242975
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Abstract

Background: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is the gold standard intervention for anxiety and related mental health disorders among young people; however, the efficacy of individual elements of CBT (e.g., exposure to feared stimuli) have received little scrutiny. Aims: This scoping review, informed by three stakeholder groups and a scientific advisory group, aimed to identify the nature and extent of the available research literature on the efficacy of exposure to feared stimuli, moderators of effectiveness in young people aged 14–24 years. Method: Three international stakeholder groups composed of clinicians (N = 8), parents/carers (N = 5) and youth with lived experience of anxiety (N = 7) provided input into study design and results. Using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, a search of MEDLINE/Ovid, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, ERIC, and Health Collection (informit) was conducted using terms related to anxiety, ages 14–24, and exposure. Results: From 3508 unique abstracts, 64 papers were included for the review. While there was evidence for the efficacy of exposure as a treatment for youth anxiety disorders, fundamental gaps in knowledge of exposure in this age group were identified. Most studies examined post‐traumatic stress disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and specific phobias with no randomised clinical trials uniquely evaluating exposure for the treatment of DSM‐5 anxiety disorders. Exposure was typically delivered accompanied by other anxiety management techniques. A multitude of optimisation strategies have been tested, yet only one of these effects (timing relative to sleep) showed preliminary evidence of replication. Conclusions: A systematic and theoretically driven program of research investigating the efficacy of exposure in young people and factors that moderate its efficacy, along with methods to overcome barriers for delivery, is urgently needed.

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  • Exposure therapy is the most strongly supported treatment for both children and adults with anxiety.

    “Exposure therapy is the most strongly supported treatment for both children and adults with anxiety (Higa‐McMillan et al., 2016; Teunisse et al., 2022).”

    From Using sleep to enhance exposure treatment for anxious children: A pilot study. (2026) · cites this paper as Teunisse et al., 2022

    The Results (Efficacy of exposure; page unavailable) report that exposure-based therapies outperformed active treatments without exposure in studies of 14–24-year-olds, supporting the claim that exposure is an effective treatment for some young people. But the review does not establish that it is the most strongly supported treatment for anxiety in both children and adults. The Conclusion (page unavailable) also says it is unclear whether exposure is effective on its own. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Teunisse, A. K., Pembroke, L., O’Gradey‐Lee, M., Sy, M., Rapee, R. M., Wuthrich, V. M., Creswell, C., & Hudson, J. L.
Affiliations
  • Macquarie University (AU)
  • Black Dog Institute (AU)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Hudson, Jennifer L.
ORCID
Venue
JCPP Advances
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-05-20
Volume
2
Issue
2
Pages
e12080-e12080
ISSN
2692-9384 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/jcv2.12080
PMC
PMC10242975
OpenAlex
W4293247826
Cited by
15
References
18
Citations by year
2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
FWCI
0.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • JCPP Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Wellcome Trust (Active Ingredients Commission)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Keywords
exposure therapy, anxiety disorders, youth, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment efficacy, prevention, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, specific phobia, treatment moderators, sleep timing, stakeholder engagement

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