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Nonseparable States of Light: From Quantum to Classical
Abstract
Controlling the various degrees‐of‐freedom (DoFs) of structured light at both quantum and classical levels is of paramount importance in optics. It is a conventional paradigm to treat diverse DoFs separately in light shaping. While, the more general case of nonseparable states of light, in which two or more DoFs are coupled in a nonseparable way, has become topical recently. Importantly, classical nonseparable states of light are mathematically analogue to quantum entangled states. Such similarity has hatched attractive studies in structured light, for example, the spin‐orbit coupling in vector beams. However, nonseparable classical states of light are still treated in a fragmented fashion, while its forms are not limited by vector beams and its potential is certainly not fully exploited. For instance, exotic space‐time coupled pulses open nontrivial light shaping toward ultrafast time scales, and ray‐wave geometric beams provide new dimensions in optical manipulations. Here, a bird's eye view on the rapidly growing but incoherent body of work on general nonseparable states involving various DoFs of light is provided and a unified framework for their classification and tailoring, providing a perspective on new opportunities for both fundamental science and applications, is introduced.
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Using classical light, results on depolarization and decoherence are directly transferable to quantum skyrmions due to the close mathematical analogy between hybrid entangled biphoton states and classical vector beams.
“Using classical light, we can easily probe the effects of depolarization and decoherence, with the results being directly transferable to quantum skyrmions due to the close mathematical analogy between hybrid entangled biphoton states and classical vector beams (60, 69, 70).”
From Topological robustness of optical skyrmions through a real-world free-space link (2026) · cites this paper as [60]
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Cites
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“Besides the quantum states selectively discussed above, there are still a number of states available to be explored for generating quantum-analogue structured light, such as the W state [154] and Laughlin state [155], which all hold unique properties to be applied in classical light.”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Optical skyrmions and other topological quasiparticles of light
Shen, Y., Zhang, Q., Shi, P., Du, L., Yuan, X., & Zayats, A. V. (2024) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-023-01325-7 · Cited by 469
Self-citationTopological robustness of optical skyrmions through a real-world free-space link
Peters, C., Hakobyan, V., Drozdov, A., Brasselet, E., Cox, M., & Forbes, A. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aee2671 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Shen, Y., & Rosales‐Guzmán, C.
- Affiliations
- Optoelectronics Research Centre University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A. C., Loma del Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre León Guanajuato 37150 México
- ORCID
- Shen, Yijie
- Venue
- Laser & Photonics Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-04-27
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- ISSN
- 1863-8880
- 1863-8899
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 11
- Language
- en
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61975047, 11934013)
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