Effects of environment on morphology of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus
Abstract
Cortical depth differences were found between male rats exposed to enriched or impoverished environmental conditions for successively shorter times, i.e., for 15 days (from 25 to 40 days of age), for seven days (25 to 32 days of age), and for four days (26 to 30 or 60 to 64 days of age). If the experiments began at weaning (at 25 days of age), the cortical depth changes were caused primarily by impoverishment. If the animals were young adults (60 days of age), upon entering their respective conditions, the cortical changes were induced by enrichment. No cortical depth differences were found between enriched and impoverished rats after one day of differential experience, from 60 to 61 days of age. In every age group and for every duration, except for the one day group, the dorsal-medial segment of the occipital cortex responded to the environmental conditions. No significant hippocampal depth differences were noted between enriched and impoverished animals.
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Exposure to enriched environment strongly promotes neuronal plasticity, enhancing learning and memory and leading to improved functional recovery after CNS lesion or disease.
“Since the seminal work by Rosenzweig and coworkers (see Rosenzweig and Bennett (1996) for review), it is known that exposure to enriched sensory, motor, cognitive and social stimulation (i.e.enriched environment) strongly promotes neuronal plasticity, enhancing learning and memory and leading to improved functional recovery after different kinds of CNS lesion or disease (Bennet et al., 1969;Diamon”
From The hyaluronan and proteoglycan link proteins: Organizers of the brain extracellular matrix and key molecules for neuronal function and plasticity (2015) · cites this paper as Diamond et al., 1976
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Folweiler, K. A., Bondi, C. O., Ogunsanya, E., LaPorte, M. J., Leary, J. B., Radabaugh, H. L., Monaco, C. M., & Kline, A. E. (2016) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4417 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Changes in Hippocampal Neuronal Nuclei in Response to Environmental Stimulation
WALSH, R. N., & Cummins, R. A. (1979) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207457909147675 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Effect of environmental complexity on size of the superior colliculus
Fuchs, J. L., Montemayor, M. E., & Greenough, W. T. (1990) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/0163-1047(90)91422-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sensory Deprivation and Brain Plasticity
Ptito, M., Kupers, R. C., Lomber, S. G., & Pietrini, P. (2012) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2012/810370 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Gabriel, P., Mastracchio, T.-A., Bordner, K. A., & Jeffrey, R. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113133 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effects of pregnancy and differential environments on rat cerebral cortical depth
Hamilton, W. L., Diamond, M. C., Johnson, R. E., & Ingham, C. A. (1977) · Behavioral Biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(77)91674-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Diamond, M. C., Ingham, C. A., Johnson, R. E., Bennett, E. L., & Rosenzweig, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1976-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-85
- ISSN
- 0022-3034 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4695
- OpenAlex
- W2001123589
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 2.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- environmental enrichment, impoverished environment, cortical depth, hippocampus, cerebral cortex morphology, occipital cortex, rat brain development
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, Male, Social Environment, Social Isolation, Rats
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