Soft Elastomers with Ionic Liquid‐Filled Cavities as Strain Isolating Substrates for Wearable Electronics
Open accessAbstract
Managing the mechanical mismatch between hard semiconductor components and soft biological tissues represents a key challenge in the development of advanced forms of wearable electronic devices. An ultralow modulus material or a liquid that surrounds the electronics and resides in a thin elastomeric shell provides a strain‐isolation effect that enhances not only the wearability but also the range of stretchability in suitably designed devices. The results presented here build on these concepts by (1) replacing traditional liquids explored in the past, which have some nonnegligible vapor pressure and finite permeability through the encapsulating elastomers, with ionic liquids to eliminate any possibility for leakage or evaporation, and (2) positioning the liquid between the electronics and the skin, within an enclosed, elastomeric microfluidic space, but not in direct contact with the active elements of the system, to avoid any negative consequences on electronic performance. Combined experimental and theoretical results establish the strain‐isolating effects of this system, and the considerations that dictate mechanical collapse of the fluid‐filled cavity. Examples in skin‐mounted wearable include wireless sensors for measuring temperature and wired systems for recording mechano‐acoustic responses.
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- Authors
- Ma, Y., Pharr, M., Wang, L., Kim, J., Liu, Y., Xue, Y., Ning, R., Wang, X., Chung, H. U., Feng, X., Rogers, J. A., & Huang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Rogers, John A.
- Huang, Yonggang
- ORCID
- Venue
- Small
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-12-27
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 1613-6810 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-6829
- PMC
- PMC5332287
- OpenAlex
- W2564342051
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 7.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Small (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (11402135, 11320101001)
- National Science Foundation (DMR1121262, CMMI1300846, CMMI1400169, CMMI1534120)
- National Institutes of Health (R01EB019337)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Keywords
- ionic liquids, soft elastomers, strain isolation, wearable electronics, fluid-filled cavity, mechanical mismatch, skin-mounted sensors, wireless temperature sensor
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Elastomers, Ionic Liquids, Wireless Technology
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