Application advances of deep learning methods for de novo drug design and molecular dynamics simulation
Open accessAbstract
De novo drug design is a stationary way to build novel ligands in the confined pocket of receptor by assembling the atoms or fragments, while molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a dynamical way to study the interaction mechanism between the ligands and receptors based on the molecular force field. De novo drug design and MD simulation are effective tools for novel drug discovery. With the development of technology, deep learning methods, and interpretable machine learning (IML) have emerged in the research area of drug design. Deep learning methods and IML can be used further to improve the efficiency and accuracy of de novo drug design and MD simulations. The application summary of deep learning methods for de novo drug design, MD simulations, and IML can further promote the technical development of drug discovery. In this article, two major workflow methods and the related components of classical algorithm and deep learning are described for de novo drug design from a new perspective. The application progress of deep learning is also summarized for MD simulations. Furthermore, IML is introduced for the deep learning model interpretability of de novo drug design and MD simulations. Our paper deals with an interesting topic about deep learning applications of de novo drug design and MD simulations for the scientific community. This article is categorized under:Data Science > Chemoinformatics Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The innovation in development and integration of MD simulations with deep learning can reproduce, interpret, predict, and generate data relating to the behavior of biological macromolecules.
“The innovation in the development and integration of MD simulations with deep learning can reproduce, interpret, predict, and generate data relating to the behavior of biological macromolecules.”
From AlphaFold, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Allostery (2022) · cites this paper as [192]
ML techniques and molecular dynamics simulations are currently being used in de novo drug design to improve efficiency and accuracy.
“ML techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are currently being used in the field of de novo drug design to improve efficiency and accuracy.”
From The role of AI in drug discovery: challenges, opportunities, and strategies (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
Combining ML and MD methodologies is being explored to take advantage of synergies between them.
“The technique of combining these methodologies is being explored to take advantage of the synergies between them [20].”
From The role of AI in drug discovery: challenges, opportunities, and strategies (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318 · see citing works
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14539 · Cited by 84,126 · see citing works
Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition
Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.1556 · Cited by 74,248 · see citing works
Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular Dynamics
Plimpton, S. (1995) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1006/jcph.1995.1039 · Cited by 44,721 · see citing works
Trott, O., & Olson, A. J. (2010) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.21334 · Cited by 38,412 · see citing works
Abraham, M. J., Murtola, T., Schulz, R., Páll, S., Smith, J. C., Hess, B., & Lindahl, E. (2015) · SoftwareX · doi:10.1016/j.softx.2015.06.001 · Cited by 27,190 · see citing works
AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated docking with selective receptor flexibility
Morris, G. M., Huey, R., Lindstrom, W., Sanner, M. F., Belew, R. K., Goodsell, D. S., & Olson, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.21256 · Cited by 25,745 · see citing works
Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks
Kipf, T. N., & Welling, M. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1609.02907 · Cited by 24,853 · see citing works
A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions
Lundberg, S., & Lee, S.-I. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.07874 · Cited by 23,707 · see citing works
Deep learning in neural networks: an overview
Schmidhuber, J. (2015) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003 · Cited by 18,570 · see citing works
Lipinski, C. A., Lombardo, F., Dominy, B. W., & Feeney, P. J. (2001) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(00)00129-0 · Cited by 18,139 · see citing works
Gauriat, C.-M., Pencolé, Y., Ribot, P., et al. (2024) · HAL · doi:10.4230/oasics.dx.2024.27 · Cited by 12,623 · see citing works
Veličković, P., Cucurull, G., Casanova, A., Romero, A., Liò, P., & Bengio, Y. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1710.10903 · Cited by 12,107
Graph Attention NetworksPreprint
Veličković, P., Casanova, A., Liò, P., Cucurull, G., Romero, A., & Bengio, Y. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.17863/cam.48429 · Cited by 12,099 · see citing works
The Amber biomolecular simulation programs
Case, D. A., Cheatham, T. E., Darden, T., Gohlke, H., Luo, R., Merz, K. M., Onufriev, A., Simmerling, C., Wang, B., & Woods, R. J. (2005) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.20290 · Cited by 9,535 · see citing works
The MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods to estimate ligand-binding affinities
Genheden, S., & Ryde, U. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2015.1032936 · Cited by 5,636 · see citing works
ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery
Gaulton, A., Bellis, L. J., Bento, A. P., Chambers, J., Davies, M., Hersey, A., Light, Y., McGlinchey, S., Michalovich, D., Al-Lazikani, B., et al. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr777 · Cited by 4,382 · see citing works
Axiomatic attribution for deep networks
Sundararajan, M., Taly, A., & Yan, Q. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.01365 · Cited by 4,087 · see citing works
Baell, J. B., & Holloway, G. A. (2010) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm901137j · Cited by 3,963 · see citing works
ZINC 15 – Ligand Discovery for Everyone
Sterling, T., & Irwin, J. J. (2015) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00559 · Cited by 3,224 · see citing works
Scalable molecular dynamics on CPU and GPU architectures with NAMD
Phillips, J. C., Hardy, D. J., Maia, J. D. C., Stone, J. E., Ribeiro, J. V., Bernardi, R. C., Buch, R., Fiorin, G., Hénin, J., Jiang, W., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0014475 · Cited by 3,123 · see citing works
Automatic Chemical Design Using a Data-Driven Continuous Representation of Molecules
Gómez-Bombarelli, R., Wei, J. N., Duvenaud, D., Hernández-Lobato, J. M., Sánchez-Lengeling, B., Sheberla, D., Aguilera-Iparraguirre, J., Hirzel, T. D., Adams, R. P., & Aspuru-Guzik, A. (2018) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.7b00572 · Cited by 3,106 · see citing works
Context-dependent pre-trained deep neural networks for large-vocabulary speech recognition
Dahl, G. E., Yu, D., Deng, L., & Acero, A. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing · doi:10.1109/tasl.2011.2134090 · Cited by 3,011 · see citing works
Hou, T., Wang, J., Li, Y., & Wang, W. (2010) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/ci100275a · Cited by 2,800 · see citing works
A semiempirical free energy force field with charge‐based desolvation
Huey, R., Morris, G. M., Olson, A. J., & Goodsell, D. S. (2007) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.20634 · Cited by 2,246 · see citing works
Definitions, methods, and applications in interpretable machine learning
Murdoch, W. J., Singh, C., Kumbier, K., Abbasi-Asl, R., & Yu, B. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1900654116 · Cited by 2,167 · see citing works
Wang, H., Zhang, L., Han, J., & Weinan, E. (2018) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2018.03.016 · Cited by 2,153 · see citing works
Automatic Chemical Design Using a Data-Driven Continuous Representation of Molecules.
Gómez‐Bombarelli, R., Wei, J. N., Duvenaud, D., Hernández-Lobato, J. M., Sánchez-Lengeling, B., Sheberla, D., Aguilera‐Iparraguirre, J., Hirzel, T. D., Adams, R. P., & Aspuru‐Guzik, A. (2018) · Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database · doi:10.17863/cam.34134 · Cited by 1,813 · see citing works
Junction Tree Variational Autoencoder for Molecular Graph GenerationPreprint
Jin, W.-G., Barzilay, R., & Jaakkola, T. (2018) · International Conference on Machine Learning · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1802.04364 · Cited by 1,783 · see citing works
The rise of deep learning in drug discovery
Chen, H., Engkvist, O., Wang, Y., Olivecrona, M., & Blaschke, T. (2018) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.039 · Cited by 1,770 · see citing works
DeepDTA: deep drug–target binding affinity prediction
Öztürk, H., Özgür, A., & Özkırımlı, E. (2018) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bty593 · Cited by 1,728 · see citing works
Semi-Supervised Learning with Deep Generative Models
Kingma, D. P., Rezende, D. J., Mohamed, S., & Welling, M. (2014) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1406.5298 · Cited by 1,646 · see citing works
Makhzani, A., Shlens, J., Jaitly, N., Goodfellow, I., & Frey, B. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1511.05644 · Cited by 1,579 · see citing works
Deep learning enables rapid identification of potent DDR1 kinase inhibitors
Zhavoronkov, A., Ivanenkov, Y. A., Aliper, A., Veselov, M. S., Aladinskiy, V. A., Aladinskaya, A. V., Terentiev, V. A., Polykovskiy, D. A., Kuznetsov, M. D., Asadulaev, A., et al. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0224-x · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
The Many Roles of Computation in Drug Discovery
Jorgensen, W. L. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1096361 · Cited by 1,560 · see citing works
Generating Focused Molecule Libraries for Drug Discovery with Recurrent Neural Networks
Segler, M. H. S., Kogej, T., Tyrchan, C., & Waller, M. P. (2018) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.7b00512 · Cited by 1,537 · see citing works
The GROMOS Biomolecular Simulation Program Package
Scott, W. R. P., Hünenberger, P. H., Tironi, I. G., Mark, A. E., Billeter, S. R., Fennen, J., Torda, A. E., Huber, T., Krüger, P., & A, W. F. V. G. (1999) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/jp984217f · Cited by 1,489 · see citing works
Deep learning for computational biology
Angermueller, C., Pärnamaa, T., Parts, L., & Stegle, O. (2016) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.15252/msb.20156651 · Cited by 1,473 · see citing works
Empirical Scoring Functions for Advanced Protein−Ligand Docking with PLANTS
Korb, O., Stützle, T., & Exner, T. E. (2009) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/ci800298z · Cited by 1,358 · see citing works
GraphDTA: predicting drug–target binding affinity with graph neural networks
Nguyen, T., Le, H., Quinn, T. P., Nguyen, T., Le, T. D., & Venkatesh, S. (2020) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa921 · Cited by 1,270 · see citing works
Machine learning of accurate energy-conserving molecular force fields
Chmiela, S., Tkatchenko, A., Sauceda, H. E., Poltavsky, I., Schütt, K. T., & Müller, K. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1603015 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
Drug discovery with explainable artificial intelligence
Jiménez-Luna, J., Grisoni, F., & Schneider, G. (2020) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-020-00236-4 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
Computer-based de novo design of drug-like molecules
Schneider, G., & Fechner, U. (2005) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1799 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Machine Learning for Molecular Simulation
Noé, F., Tkatchenko, A., Müller, K.-R., & Clementi, C. (2020) · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052331 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Debnath, A. K., Lopez de Compadre, R. L., Debnath, G., Shusterman, A. J., & Hansch, C. (1991) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm00106a046 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
GNNExplainer: Generating Explanations for Graph Neural Networks
Ying, R., Bourgeois, D., You, J., Zitnik, M., & Leskovec, J. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.03894 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
Molecular Sets (MOSES): A Benchmarking Platform for Molecular Generation Models
Polykovskiy, D., Zhebrak, A., Sanchez-Lengeling, B., Golovanov, S., Tatanov, O., Belyaev, S., Kurbanov, R., Artamonov, A., Aladinskiy, V., Veselov, M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.565644 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
The computer program LUDI: A new method for the de novo design of enzyme inhibitors
B�hm, H.-J. (1992) · Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design · doi:10.1007/bf00124387 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Towards exact molecular dynamics simulations with machine-learned force fields
Chmiela, S., Sauceda, H. E., Müller, K.-R., & Tkatchenko, A. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06169-2 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
From machine learning to deep learning: progress in machine intelligence for rational drug discovery
Zhang, L., Tan, J., Han, D., & Zhu, H. (2017) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.010 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
DOCK 6: Impact of New Features and Current Docking Performance
Allen, W. J., Balius, T. E., Mukherjee, S., Brozell, S., Moustakas, D., Lang, P. T., Case, D., Kuntz, I., & Rizzo, R. C. (2015) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.23905 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Deep Learning in Drug Discovery
Gawehn, E., Hiss, J. A., & Schneider, G. (2016) · Molecular Informatics · doi:10.1002/minf.201501008 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Model-Agnostic Interpretability of Machine Learning
Ribeiro, M. T., Singh, S., & Guestrin, C. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.05386 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Deep learning for molecular design—a review of the state of the art
Elton, D. C., Boukouvalas, Z., Fuge, M. D., & Chung, P. W. (2019) · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · doi:10.1039/c9me00039a · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Development and evaluation of a deep learning model for protein–ligand binding affinity prediction
Stepniewska-Dziubinska, M. M., Zielenkiewicz, P., & Siedlecki, P. S. (2018) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bty374 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Efficient Drug Lead Discovery and Optimization
Jorgensen, W. L. (2009) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar800236t · Cited by 651 · see citing works
rDock: A Fast, Versatile and Open Source Program for Docking Ligands to Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Carmona, S. R., Álvarez-García, D., Foloppe, N., Garmendia-Doval, A. B., Juhos, S., Schmidtke, P., Barril, X., Hubbard, R. E., & Morley, S. (2014) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003571 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Graph Convolutional Policy Network for Goal-Directed Molecular Graph GenerationPreprint
You, J., Liu, B., Ying, R., Pande, V. S., & Leskovec, J. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1806.02473 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Estimation of the size of drug-like chemical space based on GDB-17 data
Polishchuk, P. G., Madzhidov, T. I., & Varnek, A. (2013) · Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design · doi:10.1007/s10822-013-9672-4 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Optimization of Molecules via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Zhou, Z., Kearnes, S. M., Li, L., Zare, R. N., & Riley, P. F. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47148-x · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Objective-Reinforced Generative Adversarial Networks (ORGAN) for Sequence Generation ModelsPreprint
Guimaraes, G. L., Sánchez-Lengeling, B., Outeiral, C., Farias, P. L. C., & Aspuru‐Guzik, A. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.10843 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Deep-Learning-Based Drug–Target Interaction Prediction
Wen, M., Zhang, Z., Niu, S., Sha, H., Yang, R., Yun, Y., & Lü, H. (2017) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00618 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
BAF complex vulnerabilities in cancer demonstrated via structure-based PROTAC design
Farnaby, W., Koegl, M., Roy, M. J., Whitworth, C., Diers, E., Trainor, N., Zollman, D., Steurer, S., Karolyi-Oezguer, J., Riedmueller, C., et al. (2019) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-019-0294-6 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Machine learning molecular dynamics for the simulation of infrared spectra
Gastegger, M., Behler, J., & Marquetand, P. (2017) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c7sc02267k · Cited by 556 · see citing works
He, T., Heidemeyer, M., Ban, F., Cherkasov, A. R., & Ester, M. (2017) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0209-z · Cited by 516 · see citing works
The TensorMol-0.1 model chemistry: a neural network augmented with long-range physics
Yao, K., Herr, J. E., Toth, D. W., Mckintyre, R., & Parkhill, J. (2018) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c7sc04934j · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Learning Deep Generative Models of GraphsPreprint
Li, Y., Vinyals, O., Dyer, C., Pascanu, R., & Battaglia, P. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1803.03324 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
MolGAN: An implicit generative model for small molecular graphs
De Cao, N., & Kipf, T. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1805.11973 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
A de novo molecular generation method using latent vector based generative adversarial network
Prykhodko, O., Johansson, S., Kotsias, P.-C., Arús‐Pous, J., Bjerrum, E. J., Engkvist, O., & Chen, H. (2019) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-019-0397-9 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Randomized SMILES strings improve the quality of molecular generative models
Arús‐Pous, J., Johansson, S., Prykhodko, O., Bjerrum, E. J., Tyrchan, C., Reymond, J., Chen, H., & Engkvist, O. (2019) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-019-0393-0 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Exploring Activity Cliffs in Medicinal Chemistry
Stumpfe, D., & Bajorath, J. (2012) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm201706b · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Advances in De Novo Drug Design: From Conventional to Machine Learning Methods
Mouchlis, V. D., Afantitis, A., Serra, A., Fratello, M., Papadiamantis, A. G., Aidinis, V., Lynch, I., Greco, D., & Melagraki, G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22041676 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Zheng, L., Fan, J., & Mu, Y. (2019) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b01997 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Deep learning in drug discovery: opportunities, challenges and future prospects
Lavecchia, A. (2019) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.07.006 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Francoeur, P. G., Masuda, T., Sunseri, J., Jia, A., Iovanisci, R. B., Snyder, I. M., & Koes, D. R. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00411 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Fréchet ChemNet Distance: A Metric for Generative Models for Molecules in Drug Discovery
Preuer, K., Renz, P., Unterthiner, T., Hochreiter, S., & Klambauer, G. (2018) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00234 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
The future of molecular dynamics simulations in drug discovery
Borhani, D. W., & Shaw, D. E. (2012) · Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design · doi:10.1007/s10822-011-9517-y · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Predicting drug–protein interaction using quasi-visual question answering system
Zheng, S., Li, Y., Chen, S., Xu, J., & Yang, Y. (2020) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-020-0152-y · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Machine learning approaches for analyzing and enhancing molecular dynamics simulations
Wang, Y., Lamim Ribeiro, J. M., & Tiwary, P. (2020) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2019.12.016 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
LigBuilder: A Multi-Purpose Program for Structure-Based Drug Design
Wang, R., Gao, Y. D., & Lai, L. (2000) · Journal of Molecular Modeling · doi:10.1007/s0089400060498 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Bai, Q., Tan, S., Xu, T., Liu, H., Huang, J., & Yao, X. (2020) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa161 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationDeep Generative Models for 3D Linker Design
Imrie, F., Bradley, A. R., van der Schaar, M., & Deane, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.9b01120 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Comparison of Protein Force Fields for Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Guvench, O., & MacKerell, A. D. (2008) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-177-2_4 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
sGDML: Constructing accurate and data efficient molecular force fields using machine learning
Chmiela, S., Sauceda, H. E., Poltavsky, I., Müller, K., & Tkatchenko, A. (2019) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2019.02.007 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
TorchMD: A Deep Learning Framework for Molecular Simulations
Doerr, S., Majewski, M., Pérez, A., Krämer, A., Clementi, C., Noe, F., Giorgino, T., & De Fabritiis, G. (2021) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01343 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Shape-Based Generative Modeling for de Novo Drug Design
Skalic, M., Jiménez, J., Sabbadin, D., & De Fabritiis, G. (2019) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00706 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Syntax-Directed Variational Autoencoder for Structured DataPreprint
Dai, H., Tian, Y., Dai, B., Skiena, S., & Song, L. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1802.08786 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationDeepDTAF: a deep learning method to predict protein–ligand binding affinity
Wang, K., Zhou, R., Li, Y., & Li, M. (2021) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbab072 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Coarse graining molecular dynamics with graph neural networks
Husic, B. E., Charron, N. E., Lemm, D., Wang, J., Pérez, A., Majewski, M., Krämer, A., Chen, Y., Olsson, S., Fabritiis, G. D., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0026133 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Machine-learned interatomic potentials by active learning: amorphous and liquid hafnium dioxide
Sivaraman, G., Krishnamoorthy, A. N., Baur, M., Holm, C., Stan, M., Csányi, G., Benmore, C., & Vázquez-Mayagoitia, Á. (2020) · npj Computational Materials · doi:10.1038/s41524-020-00367-7 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
SPROUT: Recent developments in the de novo design of molecules
Gillet, V. J., Newell, W. R., Mata, P., Myatt, G. J., Sike, S., Zsoldos, Z., & Johnson, A. P. (1994) · Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences · doi:10.1021/ci00017a027 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Validation of an empirical RNA-ligand scoring function for fast flexible docking using RiboDock®
Morley, S., & Afshar, M. (2004) · Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design · doi:10.1023/b:jcam.0000035199.48747.1e · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Coarse-graining auto-encoders for molecular dynamics
Wang, W., & Gómez‐Bombarelli, R. (2019) · npj Computational Materials · doi:10.1038/s41524-019-0261-5 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Bitencourt‐Ferreira, G., Pintro, V. O., & de Azevedo, W. F. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9752-7_9 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Machine-learned interatomic potentials by active learning: amorphous and liquid hafnium dioxide
Sivaraman, G., Krishnamoorthy, A. N., Baur, M., Holm, C., Stan, M., Cśanyi, G., Benmore, C. J., & Vázquez‐Mayagoitia, Á. (2019) · Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database · doi:10.17863/cam.55408 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Coarse-graining auto-encoders for molecular dynamics
Wang, W., & Gómez‐Bombarelli, R. (2019) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Ishchenko, A. V., & Shakhnovich, E. I. (2002) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm0105833 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Evolutionary algorithms for de novo drug design – A survey
Devi, R. V., Sathya, S. S., & Coumar, M. S. (2014) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2014.09.042 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Coarse graining molecular dynamics with graph neural networks
Husic, B. E., Charron, N. E., Lemm, D., Wang, J., Pérez, A., Majewski, M., Krämer, A., Chen, Y., Olsson, S., Fabritiis, G. D., et al. (2020) · Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) · doi:10.17169/refubium-29706 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
SyntaLinker: automatic fragment linking with deep conditional transformer neural networks
Yang, Y., Zheng, S., Su, S., Zhao, C., Xu, J., & Chen, H. (2020) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d0sc03126g · Cited by 149 · see citing works
e-LEA3D: a computational-aided drug design web server
Douguet, D. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq322 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Enriching screening libraries with bioactive fragment space
Zhang, N., & Zhao, H. (2016) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.013 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Deep Learning in Drug Discovery and Medicine; Scratching the Surface
Dana, D., Gadhiya, S., Surin, L. S., Li, D., Naaz, F., Ali, Q., Paka, L., Yamin, M., Narayan, M., Goldberg, I. D., et al. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23092384 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Deep Learning for Molecular Generation
Xu, Y., Lin, K., Wang, S., Wang, L., Cai, C., Song, C., Lai, L., & Pei, J. (2019) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc-2018-0358 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
GANsDTA: Predicting Drug-Target Binding Affinity Using GANs
Zhao, L., Wang, J., Pang, L., Liu, Y., & Zhang, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.01243 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
From Target to Drug: Generative Modeling for the Multimodal Structure-Based Ligand Design
Škalič, M., Sabbadin, D., Sattarov, B., Sciabola, S., & Fabritiis, G. D. (2019) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00634 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
A genetic algorithm for structure-based de novo design
Pegg, S. C. ‐., Haresco, J. J., & Kuntz, I. D. (2001) · Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design · doi:10.1023/a:1014389729000 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
De Novo Design of Enzyme Inhibitors by Monte Carlo Ligand Generation
Gehlhaar, D. K., Moerder, K. E., Zichi, D. A., Sherman, C. J., Ogden, R. C., & Freer, S. T. (1995) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm00003a010 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Deep learning for drug–drug interaction extraction from the literature: a review
Zhang, T., Leng, J., & Liu, Y. (2019) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbz087 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
AttentionDTA: prediction of drug–target binding affinity using attention model
Zhao, Q., Xiao, F., Yang, M., Li, Y., & Wang, J. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983125 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
AutoGrow: A Novel Algorithm for Protein Inhibitor Design
Durrant, J. D., Amaro, R. E., & McCammon, J. A. (2009) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00761.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
DeepAtom: A Framework for Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction
Li, Y., Rezaei, M. A., Li, C., & Li, X. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8982964 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Li, Y., & Yang, J. (2017) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00049 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Ryu, S., Lim, J., Hong, S. H., & Kim, W. Y. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1805.10988 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Accelerating De Novo Drug Design against Novel Proteins Using Deep Learning
Krishnan, S. R., Bung, N., Bulusu, G., & Roy, A. (2021) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01060 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Walden, D. M., Bundey, Y., Jagarapu, A., Antontsev, V. G., Chakravarty, K., & Varshney, J. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26010182 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Xu, M., Ran, T., & Chen, H. (2021) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01494 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Khemchandani, Y., O’Hagan, S., Samanta, S., Swainston, N., Roberts, T. J., Bollegala, D., & Kell, D. B. (2020) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-020-00454-3 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The power of deep learning to ligand-based novel drug discovery
Baskin, I. I. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2020.1745183 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Tietze, S., & Apostolakis, J. (2007) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/ci7001236 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Kamenecka, T., Habel, J. E., Duckett, D. R., Chen, W., Ling, Y. Y., Frąckowiak, B., Jiang, R., Shin, Y., Song, X., & LoGrasso, P. V. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m809430200 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Banegas‐Luna, A. J., Peña-García, J. J., Iftene, A., Guadagni, F., Ferroni, P., Scarpato, N., Zanzotto, F. M., Bueno-Crespo, A., & Pérez‐Sánchez, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094394 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationA Machine Learning Approach for the Discovery of Ligand-Specific Functional Mechanisms of GPCRs
Plante, A., Shore, D. M., Morra, G., Khelashvili, G., & Weinstein, H. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24112097 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
OpenGrowth: An Automated and Rational Algorithm for Finding New Protein Ligands
Chéron, N., Jasty, N. M., & Shakhnovich, E. I. (2015) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00886 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Molecular Docking Simulations with ArgusLab
Bitencourt‐Ferreira, G., & de Azevedo, W. F. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9752-7_13 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Freedman, D. H. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03846-0 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Machine Learning Prediction of Allosteric Drug Activity from Molecular Dynamics
Marchetti, F., Moroni, E., Pandini, A., & Colombo, G. (2021) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00045 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ye, W.-L., Shen, C., Xiong, G., Ding, J., Lü, A., Hou, T., & Cao, D. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00977 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Chung, C., Patel, S. M., Lee, R., Fu, L., Reilly, S., Ho, T., Lionetti, J., George, M. D., & Taylor, P. (2018) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.2146/ajhp170251 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Jamal, S., Grover, A., & Grover, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00780 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Bennett, W. F., He, S., Bilodeau, C., Jones, D., Sun, D., Kim, H., Allen, J., Lightstone, F. C., & Ingólfsson, H. I. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00318 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Current advances in ligand‐based target prediction
Yang, S., Ye, Q., Ding, J., Yin, M., Lü, A., Chen, X., Hou, T., & Cao, D. (2020) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Molecular Science · doi:10.1002/wcms.1504 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Interpretable machine learning
Molnar, C. (2020) · doi:10.58248/pn633 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Bai, Q., Ma, J., Liu, S., Xu, T., Banegas‐Luna, A. J., Pérez‐Sánchez, H., Tian, Y., Huang, J., Liu, H., & Yao, X. (2021) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.017 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationChew, A. K., Jiang, S., Zhang, W., Zavala, V. M., & Lehn, R. C. V. (2020) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d0sc03261a · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Xu, T., Li, J., Qiu, Y., Rong, Y., Gong, Z., Cheng, X., Dong, L., Liu, W., Li, J., et al. (2021) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c03613 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationRecurrent neural network training with feedforward complexity
Olurotimi, O. (1994) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/72.279184 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Simulation with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics for drug discovery
Barbault, F., & Maurel, F. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2015.1076389 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Martínez-Rosell, G., Giorgino, T., Harvey, M., & de Fabritiis, G. (2017) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026617666170414142549 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ferraro, M., Moroni, E., Ippoliti, E., Rinaldi, S., Sànchez‐Martìn, C., Rasola, A., Pavarino, L. F., & Colombo, G. (2020) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09742 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Marialke, J., Tietze, S., & Apostolakis, J. (2007) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/ci700124r · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lyngdoh, G. A., Li, H., Zaki, M. F. M., Krishnan, N. M. A., & Das, S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78368-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Masuda, T., Ragoza, M., & Koes, D. R. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.14442 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
METADOCK 2: a high-throughput parallel metaheuristic scheme for molecular docking
Imbernón, B., Serrano, A., Bueno-Crespo, A., Abellán, J. L., Pérez‐Sánchez, H., & Cecilia, J. M. (2020) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz958 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationShi, T., Huang, S., Chen, L., Heng, Y., Kuang, Z., Xu, L., & Hu, M. Y. (2020) · Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems · doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2020.104122 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Molecular dynamics: New advances in drug discovery
Milardi, D., & Pappalardo, M. (2014) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.078 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Learning a Continuous Representation of 3D Molecular Structures with Deep Generative ModelsPreprint
Ragoza, M., Masuda, T., & Koes, D. R. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.08687 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Learning to design drug-like molecules in three-dimensional space using deep generative modelsPreprint
Li, Y., Pei, J., & Lai, L. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2104.08474 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Reinforcement learning to boost molecular docking upon protein conformational ensemble
Chong, B., Yang, Y., Wang, Z.-L., Han, X., & Liu, Z. (2021) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/d0cp06378a · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Energy‐based Neural Networks as a Tool for Harmony‐based Virtual Screening
Zhokhova, N. I., & Baskin, I. I. (2017) · Molecular Informatics · doi:10.1002/minf.201700054 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Research and development of MolAICal for drug design via deep learning and classical programmingPreprint
Bai, Q. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.09747 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, T., Wang, Z., Li, L., Li, D., Li, Z., Chang, X., Bian, P., Liang, G., Wang, Q., & Xie, T. (2025) · Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik · doi:10.4230/lipics.ecoop.2025.6
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- [34]34. Kusner MJ, Paige B, Hern andez-Lobato JM. Grammar variational autoencoder. Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning (2017), pp. 1945 -1954.
- [40]40. Kingma DP, Welling M. Auto-encoding Variational Bayes. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Representations (2013), pp. 1 -14.
- [41]41. Rezende DJM, Shakir M, Wierstra D. Stochastic backpropagation and approximate inference in deep generative models. In: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2014 (2014), pp. 3057 -3070.
- [43]43. Goodfellow I, Pouget-Abadie J, Mirza M, Xu B, Warde-Farley D, Ozair S, et al. Generative adversarial nets. Advances in neural information processing systems, (2014), pp. 2672 -2680.
- [58]58. Lipinski CA, Lombardo F, Dominy BW, Feeney PJ. Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;46:3 -26.
- [91]91. Jin W, Barzilay R, Jaakkola T. Junction tree variational autoencoder for molecular graph generation. Proc Mach Learn Res. 2018;80: 2323 -32.
- [101]101. Xu K, Hu W, Leskovec J, Jegelka S. How powerful are graph neural networks? International Conference on Learning Representations (2019), pp. 1 -17.
- [144]144. Jiménez-Rosés M, Morgan BA, Sigstad MJ, Tran TDZ, Srivastava R, Bunsuz A, et al. Prediction of ligand-receptor pharmacological activities using a combined docking and machine learning approach. bioRxiv. 2021; 2021.2003.2018.434755.
- [149]149. Duvenaud D, Maclaurin D, Aguilera-Iparraguirre J, G omez-Bombarelli R, Hirzel T, Aspuru-Guzik A, Adams RP. Convolutional networks on graphs for learning molecular fingerprints. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol. 2 (2015), pp. 2224 -2232.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of AI in drug discovery: challenges, opportunities, and strategies
Blanco-González, A., Cabezón, A., Seco-González, A., Conde-Torres, D., Antelo-Riveiro, P., Piñeiro, Á., & Garcia-Fandino, R. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16060891 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Machine Learning Methods for Small Data Challenges in Molecular Science
Dou, B., Zhu, Z., Merkurjev, E., Ke, L., Chen, L., Jian, J., Zhu, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, B., & Wei, G. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00189 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Şahin, E., Arslan, N. N., & Özdemir, D. (2024) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-024-10437-2 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Gangwal, A., Ansari, A., Ahmad, I., Azad, A. K., Kumarasamy, V., Subramaniyan, V., & Wong, L. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1331062 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
AlphaFold, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Allostery
Nussinov, R., Zhang, M., Liu, Y., & Jang, H. (2022) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04346 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Generative machine learning for de novo drug discovery: A systematic review
Martinelli, D. D. (2022) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105403 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Tribulations and future opportunities for artificial intelligence in precision medicine
Carini, C., & Seyhan, A. A. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05067-0 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence revolutionizing drug development: Exploring opportunities and challenges
Tiwari, P. C., Pal, R., Chaudhary, M. J., & Nath, R. (2023) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.22115 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Machine learning heralding a new development phase in molecular dynamics simulations
Prašnikar, E., Ljubič, M., Perdih, A., & Borišek, J. (2024) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10731-4 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Agarwal, R., & Smith, J. C. (2022) · Molecular Informatics · doi:10.1002/minf.202200188 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Converting Nanotoxicity Data to Information Using Artificial Intelligence and Simulation
Yan, X., Yue, T., Winkler, D. A., Yin, Y., Zhu, H., Jiang, G., & Yan, B. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00070 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Application of artificial intelligence in drug design: A review
Singh, S., Kaur, N., & Gehlot, A. (2024) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108810 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Innovative applications of artificial intelligence in zoonotic disease management
Guo, W., Lv, C., Guo, M., Zhao, Q. C., Yin, X., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Science in One Health · doi:10.1016/j.soh.2023.100045 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Zheng, L., Wang, S., Lin, M., Wang, Z., Kong, A. W., Mu, Y., Wei, Y., & Li, W. (2022) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbac520 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Applications of molecular dynamics in nanomaterial design and characterization - A review
Islam, M. A., Rahman, S., Mim, J. J., Khan, S., Khan, F., Patwary, M. A. I., & Hossain, N. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100731 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Explainable artificial intelligence: A taxonomy and guidelines for its application to drug discovery
Ponzoni, I., Paez, J. A., & Campillo, N. E. (2023) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Molecular Science · doi:10.1002/wcms.1681 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence for small molecule anticancer drug discovery
Duo, L., Liu, Y., Ren, J., Tang, B., & Hirst, J. D. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2024.2367014 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lu, W., Lee, N., & Buehler, M. J. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2305273120 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kandhare, P., Kurlekar, M., Deshpande, T., & Pawar, A. (2025) · Drugs and Drug Candidates · doi:10.3390/ddc4010009 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The application of artificial intelligence to accelerate G protein‐coupled receptor drug discovery
Nguyen, A. T. N., Nguyen, D. T. N., Koh, H. Y., Toskov, J., MacLean, W., Xu, A., Zhang, D., Webb, G. I., May, L. T., & Halls, M. L. (2023) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.16140 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Drug repositioning in drug discovery of T2DM and repositioning potential of antidiabetic agents
Zhu, S., Bai, Q., Li, L., & Xu, T. (2022) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.057 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationUpdates on Drug Designing Approach Through Computational Strategies: a Review
Azad, I., Khan, T., Ahmad, N. S., Khan, A. R., & Akhter, Y. (2023) · Future Science OA · doi:10.2144/fsoa-2022-0085 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Bertani, M., Charpentier, T., Faglioni, F., & Pedone, A. (2024) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01115 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Palhamkhani, F., Alipour, M., Dehnad, A., Abbasi, K., Razzaghi, P., & Ghasemi, J. B. (2023) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2023.2291829 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Geometric deep learning methods and applications in 3D structure-based drug design
Bai, Q., Xu, T., Huang, J., & Pérez‐Sánchez, H. (2024) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104024 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, M., Li, S., Wang, J., Zhang, O., Du, H., Jiang, D., Wu, Z., Deng, Y., Kang, Y., Pan, P., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54456-y · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationPiquing artificial intelligence towards drug discovery: Tools, techniques, and applications
Agu, P. C., & Obulose, C. N. (2024) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.22159 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Jones, J. O., Clark, R. D., Lawless, M. S., Miller, D. W., & Waldman, M. (2024) · Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design · doi:10.1007/s10822-024-00552-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
AI and Machine Learning in Biology: From Genes to Proteins
Hein, Z. M., Guruparan, D., Okunsai, B., Nassir, C. M. N. C. M., Ramli, M. D. C., & Kumar, S. (2025) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology14101453 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Computational insight into stability-enhanced systems of anthocyanin with protein/peptide
Cheng, X., Chen, P., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100168 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lipin, D. V., Denisova, E. I., Shipilovskikh, D. A., Махмудов, Р. Р., Игидов, Н. М., & Shipilovskikh, S. A. (2022) · Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s1070428022120041 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Heuristic Computational Model for Predicting Lignin Solubility in Tailored Organic Solvents
Sumer, Z., & Lehn, R. C. V. (2022) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05199 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Explaining molecular properties with natural languagePreprint
Gandhi, H. A., & White, A. D. (2022) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-v5p6m-v3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) Approaches in Predictive Maintenance: A Review
Sharma, J., Mittal, M. L., Soni, G., & Keprate, A. (2023) · Recent Patents on Engineering · doi:10.2174/1872212118666230417084231 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Liu, J., Zhang, T., & Sun, S. (2023) · Geoscience Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2023.101735 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Shateri, A., Yang, Z., & Xie, J. (2025) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c05653 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Deep Learning in COVID-19 Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Selection
Jin, S., Liu, G., & Bai, Q. (2023) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math11061279 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationLefin, N., Belén, L. H., Farías, J. G., & Beltrán, J. F. (2023) · Molecular Diversity · doi:10.1007/s11030-023-10718-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
High-performance computing in healthcare: An automatic literature analysis perspective
Li, J., Wang, S., Rudinac, S., & Osseyran, A. (2024) · Journal Of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-024-00929-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Molecular dynamics-driven drug discovery
Yan, D., Ma, Y., Chen, X., Shi, D., & Wang, Q. (2025) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/d5cp00380f · Cited by 20 · see citing works
HCovDock: an efficient docking method for modeling covalent protein–ligand interactions
Wu, Q., & Huang, S. (2022) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbac559 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
How generative Artificial Intelligence can transform drug discovery?
Jusoh, A. S., Remli, M. A., Mohamad, M. S., Cazenave, T., & Fong, C. (2025) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117825 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Comprehensive assessment of deep generative architectures for de novo drug design
Wang, M., Sun, H., Wang, J., Pang, J., Chai, X., Xu, L., Li, H., Cao, D., & Hou, T. (2021) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbab544 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Zhao, Q., Zhao, H., Guo, L., Zheng, K., Li, Y., Ling, Q., Tang, J. P., Li, Y., & Wang, J. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61745-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Farhadi, B., Beygisangchin, M., Ghamari, N., Jakmunee, J., & Tang, T. (2025) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-025-01026-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Chen, Z., Li, D., Liu, M., & Liu, J. (2023) · Computers & Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108403 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Deep learning in computer-aided drug design: a case study
Ahmad, S., Aslam, D., Ansari, A., Bhat, A. M., & Raza, K. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22299-3.00012-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Immune subtype identification and multi-layer perceptron classifier construction for breast cancer
Yang, X., Zheng, Y., Xing, X., Sui, X., Jia, W., & Pan, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.943874 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Marinho, M. M., da Rocha, M. N., Magalhães, E. P., Ribeiro, L. R., Roberto, C. H. A., Almeida-Neto, F. W. Q., Monteiro, M. L., Nunes, J. V. S., de Menezes, R. R. P. P. B., Marinho, E. S., et al. (2024) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-024-03138-z · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lei, X., Wang, X., Chen, G., Liang, C., Li, Q., Jiang, H., & Xiong, W. (2025) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00183-25 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
An approach combining deep learning and molecule docking for drug discovery of cathepsin L
Li, Q., Wang, H., Yang, W., & Yang, J. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2023.2174522 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Drug-target binding affinity prediction method based on a deep graph neural network
Ma, D., Li, S., & Chen, Z. (2022) · Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering · doi:10.3934/mbe.2023012 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Full-life-cycle eco-friendly polymeric insulating materials: research progress and future prospects
Li, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., Liu, R., Liu, H., Huang, Z., & Zhang, G. (2023) · Journal of Physics D Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6463/acdc36 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationQandeel, B. M., Mowafy, S., Abouzid, K. A. M., & Farag, N. A. (2024) · BMC Chemistry · doi:10.1186/s13065-023-01110-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery: A Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review
He, B., Guo, J., Tong, H. H. Y., & To, W. M. (2024) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0113895575271267231123160503 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Qu, X., Dong, L., Zhang, J., Si, Y., & Wang, B. (2022) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00916 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
AI's role in pharmaceuticals: Assisting drug design from protein interactions to drug development
Bechelli, S., & Delhommelle, J. (2023) · Artificial Intelligence Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.aichem.2023.100038 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Exploring structure-based drug discovery of GPCRs beyond the orthosteric binding site
Chen, Z., Ren, X., Zhou, Y., & Huang, N. (2024) · hLife · doi:10.1016/j.hlife.2024.01.002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lipin, D. V., Denisova, E. I., Shipilovskikh, D. A., Махмудов, Р. Р., Игидов, Н. М., & Shipilovskikh, S. A. (2023) · Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s1070428023040103 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Keras/TensorFlow in Drug Design for Immunity Disorders
Dragan, P., Joshi, K., Atzei, A., & Latek, D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241915009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Elucidation of critical pH-dependent structural changes in Botulinum Neurotoxin E
Lalaurie, C. J., Splevins, A., Barata, T. S., Bunting, K. A., Higazi, D. R., Zloh, M., Spiteri, V. A., Perkins, S. J., & Dalby, P. A. (2022) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107876 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Guo, Q., Fu, B., Tian, Y., Xu, S., & Meng, X. (2024) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2024.2387187 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationAΙ-Driven Drug Repurposing: Applications and Challenges
Keramida, P., Syrigos, N. K., Kouvela, M., Poulakou, G., Charpidou, A. G., & Fiste, O. (2025) · Medicines · doi:10.3390/medicines12040028 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Deep generative molecular design and its value in modern drug discovery
Özdemir, E. S., Jang, H., Keskin, Ö., Gürsoy, A., & Nussinov, R. (2026) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2026.2636192 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Benarous, K., Serseg, T., Mermer, A., Tahmasebifar, A., Boulebd, H., & Linani, A. (2024) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.202301833 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
From roots to codes: Applications of computer-aided drug discovery from medicinal plants
Javid, A., Fatima, A., Hamad, M., & Ahmed, M. (2024) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2024.08.033 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jayawardena, A., Hung, A., Qiao, G. G., & Hajizadeh, E. (2024) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c06691 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Discovering virtual antiperovskites as solid-state electrolytes through active learning
Lee, B. D., Shin, J., Kim, S., Cho, M. Y., Lee, Y., Pyo, M., Park, W. B., & Sohn, K. (2024) · Energy storage materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103535 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Synergistic Application of Docking and Machine Learning for Improved Binding Pose
Li, Y., Lin, H., He, Y., Yuan, Y., Zou, R., Zhou, G., Zhang, L., & Zheng, H. (2024) · National Science Open · doi:10.1360/nso/20230058 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hu, B., Niu, X., Zhou, J., Dong, C., He, C. H., Li, X., Wu, Z. Y., & Li, J. (2025) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.70213 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mohamed, E. A. R., Abdelwahab, S. F., Alqaisi, A. M., Nasr, A. M. S., & Hassan, H. A. (2022) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.220369 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wang, D., Wu, Z., Shen, C., Bao, L., Luo, H., Wang, Z., Yao, H., De, K., Luo, C., & Hou, T. (2022) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbac592 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lipin, D. V., Kozlov, D. A., Shadrin, V. M., Parkoma, K. Y., Starkov, A. V., Shipilovskikh, D. A., Пулина, Н. А., & Shipilovskikh, S. A. (2023) · Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s1070428023080055 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lin, W., Wang, P., Zhang, Y., Lü, W., Yang, M., Zhu, Z., Yin, X., Lv, J., Zheng, Z., Mei, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01663 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
In Silico Strategies for Cancer Model Development and Anticancer Drug Testing
Shyam, P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5742-8_7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Khan, S. U., Khan, M. U., Alissa, M., Alghamdi, A. A., Alghamdi, S. A., Alshehri, M. A., Aloraini, G. S., Albelasi, A., Alshammari, M. S., & Alnafesah, G. M. (2025) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2025.217187 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
de Oliveira, A. S. (2025) · RSC Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5md00700c · Cited by 7 · see citing works
AI Deep Learning Generative Models for Drug Discovery
Bai, Q., Ma, J., & Xu, T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46238-2_23 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationHow did we get there? AI applications to biological networks and sequences
Anteghini, M., Gualdi, F., & Oliva, B. (2025) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110064 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Guo, B., Zheng, H., Jiang, H., Li, X., Guan, N., Zuo, Y., Zhang, Y., Yang, H., & Wang, X. (2023) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbac628 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, G., Xu, L., Chen, H., Liu, Y., Pan, P., & Hou, T. (2022) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Molecular Science · doi:10.1002/wcms.1641 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Diaz-Pier, S., & Carloni, P. (2024) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102817 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Li, G., Yuan, Y., & Zhang, R. (2024) · Interdisciplinary Sciences Computational Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12539-024-00644-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Muniyappan, S., Rayan, A. X. A., & Varrieth, G. T. (2023) · Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering · doi:10.3934/mbe.2023419 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Survey on Evolutionary Computation-Based Drug Discovery
Yu, Q., Lin, Q., Ji, J., Zhou, W., He, S., Zhu, Z., & Tan, K. C. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation · doi:10.1109/tevc.2024.3382145 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Deep learning: A game changer in drug design and development
Das, S. K., Mishra, R., Samanta, A., Shil, D., & Roy, S. D. (2025) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2025.01.008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tabassum, N., Hossan, M. S., Islam, M. M., Hasan, M., Islam, M. S., Masud, S., Ahmed, F., & Siddiquee, N. H. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0331438 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Seyhan, A. A., & Carini, C. (2026) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105461 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Rao, P., Ninama, J., Dudhat, M., Goswami, D., & Rawal, R. (2023) · Molecular Diversity · doi:10.1007/s11030-023-10672-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Coskuner‐Weber, O., & Uversky, V. N. (2024) · Current Protein and Peptide Science · doi:10.2174/0113892037281184231123111223 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Maria, L., Figueroa-Valverde, L., Marcela, R., Alvarez-Ramirez, M., Mateu-Armand, V., & CauichCarrillo, R. (2024) · Archive of International Journal of Cancer and Allied Science · doi:10.51847/m9nooahmol · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Explaining structure-activity relationships using locally faithful surrogate modelsPreprint
Gandhi, H. A., & White, A. D. (2022) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-v5p6m-v2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
PROTACs in targeted protein degradation: Advances in development and AI-enhanced drug discovery
Du, M., Liu, T., Wang, W., Fan, S., Tian, M., Du, Q., Wang, Z., Li, X., Liu, X., Xia, Q., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ejmcr.2026.100332 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wu, Z., Wu, Y., Zhu, C., Wu, X., Zhai, S., Wang, X., Su, Z., & Duan, H. (2023) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01385 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Savva, K., Zachariou, M., Bourdakou, M. M., Dietis, N., & Spyrou, G. M. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25105319 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
De novo Molecular Design using Deep Learning
Nguyen‐Vo, T. (2024) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.25044362 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Che, X., Zhao, Y., Liu, Q., Yu, F., Gao, H., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2025.122048 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, G., Liu, J., Qin, S., Zhang, H., & Zhou, H. (2025) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c02737 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Manimaran, S., Priya, D. U., Maria, A., & Rajasekaran, A. S. (2025) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05372-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Retracted: The Enhanced Optimization on Deep Learning Technologies for Data Science Practices
Dhabliya, D., Reddy, B., Rajarajeswari, S., Ranganathaswamy, M. K., Nivesh, Rajarajeswari, S., & Pandey, M. (2023) · International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON) · doi:10.1109/smartgencon60755.2023.10442871 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Retracted
- Authors
- Bai, Q., Liu, S., Tian, Y., Xu, T., Banegas‐Luna, A. J., Pérez‐Sánchez, H., Huang, J., Liu, H., & Yao, X.
- Affiliations
- Lanzhou University (CN)
- Tencent (China) (CN)
- Universidad Católica de Murcia (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Bai, Qifeng
- Xu, Tingyang
- Pérez‐Sánchez, Horacio
- ORCID
- Venue
- WIREs Computational Molecular Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-10-14
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 1759-0876 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-0884
- OpenAlex
- W3207969687
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 12.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Molecular Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RIUCAM (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Lanzhou University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Lanzhou University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Keywords
- de novo drug design, molecular dynamics simulation, deep learning, model interpretability, ligand design, ligand-receptor interactions, drug discovery, cheminformatics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review