Turnover of Rat Brain Perivascular Cells
Abstract
Brain perivascular spaces harbor a population of cells which exhibit high phagocytic capacity. Therefore, these cells can be labeled by intraventricular injection of tracers. Such perivascular cells at the interface between blood and brain are believed to belong to the monocyte/macrophage lineage and to be involved in antigen presentation. Currently, it is unclear whether these cells undergo a continuous turnover by entering and leaving the bloodstream. Using bone-marrow-chimeric animals, migration of donor macrophages into brain perivascular spaces has been reported. On the other hand, following intracerebral injection of india ink into nontransplanted animals, ink-labeled perivascular cells were still found 2 years after injection, suggesting a high stability of this cell pool. Thus, the turnover of perivascular cells observed in chimeras might be a result of bone marrow transplantation rather than a physiological occurrence. To address this issue, we monitored de novo invasion of macrophages into perivascular spaces of apparently healthy adult rats by applying techniques other than bone marrow transplantation, (i) consecutive injections of different tracers and (ii) ex vivo isolation of macrophages from the blood, cell labeling, and reinjection into the same animal to avoid MHC mismatch. Both approaches revealed vivid de novo invasion of macrophages into perivascular spaces, but not into brain parenchyma, rendering untenable the concept of perivascular cells forming a stable population of macrophages in the brain. Thus, brain perivascular spaces are under permanent immune surveillance of blood borne macrophages in normal adult rats.
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PVMs are resident brain macrophages located in the intracerebral perivascular space, closely apposed to the outer vessel wall, and derived from hematopoietic precursors.
“Residing in the intracerebral perivascular space, delimited by the glia limitans and the vascular basement membrane (Virchow-Robin space), PVMs are closely apposed to the outer vessel wall and originate from hematopoietic precursors (18,20,21).”
From Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension (2016) · cites this paper as [20]
Brain PVMs are myeloid cells closely associated with the abluminal side of cerebral blood vessels, express the mannose receptor CD206, express low levels of IBA1 relative to microglia, and are phagocytic.
“Brain PVMs were identified as myeloid cells closely associated with the abluminal side of cerebral blood vessels and (a) expressing the mannose receptor CD206 (Figure 1 1D); (c) expressing low levels of IBA1, compared with microglial cells (Figure 1C); and (d) endowed of phagocytic activity assessed by injection of dextran into the lateral ventricles (Figure 1, B-D, and ref. 26).”
From Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension (2016) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Bechmann, I., Kwidzinski, E., Kovac, A. D., Simbürger, E., Horvath, T., Gimsa, U., Dirnagl, U., Priller, J., & Nitsch, R.
- Affiliations
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bechmann, Ingo
- Venue
- Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 242-249
- ISSN
- 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2108015661
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Keywords
- perivascular cells, macrophage turnover, monocyte/macrophage lineage, macrophage migration, blood-brain barrier, immune surveillance, bone marrow chimeras, phagocytosis, rat brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Basement Membrane, Brain, Cell Movement, Fluorescent Dyes, Macrophages, Oligodendroglia, Rats, Wistar, Rats
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