Macrophages at CNS interfaces: Ontogeny and function in health and disease

Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo

Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827 · see citing works

Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages

Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M. F., Conway, S. J., Ng, L. G., Stanley, E. R., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194637 · Cited by 5,175 · see citing works

Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels

Louveau, A., Smirnov, I., Keyes, T. J., Eccles, J. D., Rouhani, S. J., Peske, J. D., Derecki, N. C., Castle, D., Mandell, J. W., Lee, K. S., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14432 · Cited by 4,413 · see citing works

The blood-brain barrier

Daneman, R., & Prat, A. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a020412 · Cited by 3,437 · see citing works

Fate Mapping Reveals Origins and Dynamics of Monocytes and Tissue Macrophages under Homeostasis

Yona, S., Kim, K.-W., Wolf, Y., Mildner, A., Varol, D., Breker, M., Strauss-Ayali, D., Viukov, S., Guilliams, M., Misharin, A., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.12.001 · Cited by 3,245 · see citing works

Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq

Zeisel, A., Muñoz-Manchado, A. B., Codeluppi, S., Lönnerberg, P., La Manno, G., Juréus, A., Marques, S., Munguba, H., He, L., Betsholtz, C., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa1934 · Cited by 3,124 · see citing works

A Lineage of Myeloid Cells Independent of Myb and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Schulz, C., Perdiguero, E. G., Chorro, L., Szabo-Rogers, H., Cagnard, N., Kierdorf, K., Prinz, M., Wu, B., Jacobsen, S. E. W., Pollard, J. W., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1219179 · Cited by 2,578 · see citing works

Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors

Gomez Perdiguero, E., Klapproth, K., Schulz, C., Busch, K., Azzoni, E., Crozet, L., Garner, H., Trouillet, C., de Bruijn, M. F., Geissmann, F., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13989 · Cited by 2,339 · see citing works

Tissue-Resident Macrophages Self-Maintain Locally throughout Adult Life with Minimal Contribution from Circulating Monocytes

Hashimoto, D., Chow, A., Noizat, C., Teo, P., Beasley, M. B., Leboeuf, M., Becker, C. D., See, P., Price, J., Lucas, D., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.04.004 · Cited by 2,311 · see citing works

A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules

Aspelund, A., Antila, S., Proulx, S. T., Karlsen, T. V., Karaman, S., Detmar, M., Wiig, H., & Alitalo, K. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20142290 · Cited by 2,198 · see citing works

Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease

Heppner, F. L., Ransohoff, R. M., & Becher, B. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3880 · Cited by 2,134 · see citing works

Microglia and macrophages in brain homeostasis and disease

Li, Q., & Barres, B. A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.125 · Cited by 1,999 · see citing works

Monocytes and macrophages: developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis

Ginhoux, F., & Jung, S. (2014) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3671 · Cited by 1,840 · see citing works

Monocyte emigration from bone marrow during bacterial infection requires signals mediated by chemokine receptor CCR2

Serbina, N. V., & Pamer, E. G. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1309 · Cited by 1,658 · see citing works

Embryonic and Adult-Derived Resident Cardiac Macrophages Are Maintained through Distinct Mechanisms at Steady State and during Inflammation

Epelman, S., Lavine, K. J., Beaudin, A. E., Sojka, D. K., Carrero, J. A., Calderon, B., Brija, T., Gautier, E. L., Ivanov, S., Satpathy, A. T., et al. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.019 · Cited by 1,494 · see citing works

Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo

Hickey, W. F., & Kimura, H. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3276004 · Cited by 1,466 · see citing works

Microglia emerge from erythromyeloid precursors via Pu.1- and Irf8-dependent pathways

Kierdorf, K., Erny, D., Goldmann, T., Sander, V., Schulz, C., Perdiguero, E. G., Wieghofer, P., Heinrich, A., Riemke, P., Hölscher, C., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3318 · Cited by 1,457 · see citing works

Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease

Da Mesquita, S., Louveau, A., Vaccari, A., Smirnov, I., Cornelison, R. C., Kingsmore, K. M., Contarino, C., Onengut-Gumuscu, S., Farber, E., Raper, D., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0368-8 · Cited by 1,445 · see citing works

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of mouse and human microglia at single-cell resolution

Masuda, T., Sankowski, R., Staszewski, O., Böttcher, C., Amann, L., Sagar, Scheiwe, C., Nessler, S., Kunz, P., van Loo, G., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0924-x · Cited by 1,310 · see citing works

Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia

Kaul, M., Garden, G. A., & Lipton, S. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35073667 · Cited by 1,211 · see citing works

Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces

Goldmann, T., Wieghofer, P., Jordão, M. J. C., Prutek, F., Hagemeyer, N., Frenzel, K., Amann, L., Staszewski, O., Kierdorf, K., Krueger, M., et al. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3423 · Cited by 1,209 · see citing works

A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment

Van Hove, H., Martens, L., Scheyltjens, I., De Vlaminck, K., Pombo Antunes, A. R., De Prijck, S., Vandamme, N., De Schepper, S., Van Isterdael, G., Scott, C. L., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0393-4 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works

The neuropathogenesis of AIDS

González‐Scarano, F., & Martín‐García, J. (2005) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1527 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works

Microglia in the adult brain arise from Ly-6ChiCCR2+ monocytes only under defined host conditions

Mildner, A., Schmidt, H., Nitsche, M., Merkler, D., Hanisch, U.-K., Mack, M., Heikenwalder, M., Brück, W., Priller, J., & Prinz, M. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2015 · Cited by 1,089 · see citing works

Infiltrating monocytes trigger EAE progression, but do not contribute to the resident microglia pool

Ajami, B., Bennett, J. L., Krieger, C., McNagny, K. M., & Rossi, F. M. V. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2887 · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works

Innate immunity in the central nervous system

Ransohoff, R. M., & Brown, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci58644 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works

High-Dimensional Single-Cell Mapping of Central Nervous System Immune Cells Reveals Distinct Myeloid Subsets in Health, Aging, and Disease

Mrdjen, D., Pavlovic, A., Hartmann, F. J., Schreiner, B., Utz, S. G., Leung, B. P., Lelios, I., Heppner, F. L., Kipnis, J., Merkler, D., et al. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.01.011 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works

CNS injury, glial scars, and inflammation: Inhibitory extracellular matrices and regeneration failure

Fitch, M. T., & Silver, J. (2008) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.05.014 · Cited by 1,007 · see citing works

The anatomical and cellular basis of immune surveillance in the central nervous system

Ransohoff, R. M., & Engelhardt, B. (2012) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3265 · Cited by 975 · see citing works

Ccr2 deficiency impairs microglial accumulation and accelerates progression of Alzheimer-like disease

El Khoury, J., Toft, M., Hickman, S. E., Means, T. K., Terada, K., Geula, C., & Luster, A. D. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1555 · Cited by 915 · see citing works

Neutrophils promote Alzheimer's disease–like pathology and cognitive decline via LFA-1 integrin

Zenaro, E., Pietronigro, E., Bianca, V. D., Piacentino, G., Marongiu, L., Budui, S., Turano, E., Rossi, B., Angiari, S., Dusi, S., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3913 · Cited by 865 · see citing works

Dendritic cells permit immune invasion of the CNS in an animal model of multiple sclerosis

Greter, M., Heppner, F. L., Lemos, M. P., Odermatt, B. M., Goebels, N., Laufer, T., Noelle, R. J., & Becher, B. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1197 · Cited by 862 · see citing works

Alzheimer’s disease hyperphosphorylated tau sequesters normal tau into tangles of filaments and disassembles microtubules

Alonso, A. D. C., Grundke-Iqbal, I., & Iqbal, K. (1996) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0796-783 · Cited by 859 · see citing works

Differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the inflamed central nervous system

Yamasaki, R., Lu, H., Butovsky, O., Ohno, N., Rietsch, A. M., Cialic, R., Wu, P. M., Doykan, C. E., Lin, J., Cotleur, A. C., et al. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20132477 · Cited by 855 · see citing works

Single-cell profiling identifies myeloid cell subsets with distinct fates during neuroinflammation

Jordão, M. J. C., Sankowski, R., Brendecke, S. M., Sagar, Locatelli, G., Tai, Y.-H., Tay, T. L., Schramm, E., Armbruster, S., Hagemeyer, N., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat7554 · Cited by 843 · see citing works

Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: evolution and adaptation

(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-0925 · Cited by 800 · see citing works

What is immune privilege (not)?

Galea, I., Bechmann, I., & Perry, V. H. (2007) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.11.004 · Cited by 768 · see citing works

A new type of microglia gene targeting shows TAK1 to be pivotal in CNS autoimmune inflammation

Goldmann, T., Wieghofer, P., Müller, P. F., Wolf, Y., Varol, D., Yona, S., Brendecke, S. M., Kierdorf, K., Staszewski, O., Datta, M., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3531 · Cited by 688 · see citing works

Effector T cell interactions with meningeal vascular structures in nascent autoimmune CNS lesions.

Bartholomäus, I., Kawakami, N., Odoardi, F., Schläger, C., Miljkovic, D., Ellwart, J. W., Klinkert, W. E. F., Flügel-Koch, C., Issekutz, T. B., Wekerle, H., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08478 · Cited by 685 · see citing works

Development and functions of the choroid plexus–cerebrospinal fluid system

Lun, M. P., Monuki, E. S., & Lehtinen, M. K. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3921 · Cited by 682 · see citing works

SYMPOSIUM: Clearance of Aβ from the Brain in Alzheimer's Disease: Perivascular Drainage of Amyloid‐β Peptides from the Brain and Its Failure in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease

Weller, R. O., Subash, M., Preston, S., Mazanti, I., & Carare, R. O. (2008) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00133.x · Cited by 682 · see citing works

Heterogeneity of CNS myeloid cells and their roles in neurodegeneration

Prinz, M., Priller, J., Sisodia, S. S., & Ransohoff, R. M. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2923 · Cited by 674 · see citing works

Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: Correlations with dementia

Glass, J. D., Fedor, H. L., Wesselingh, S. L., & McArthur, J. C. (1995) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410380510 · Cited by 661 · see citing works

The role of peripheral immune cells in the CNS in steady state and disease

Prinz, M., & Priller, J. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4475 · Cited by 657 · see citing works

Efficient derivation of microglia-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells

Muffat, J., Li, Y., Yuan, B., Mitalipova, M., Omer, A., Corcoran, S., Bakiasi, G., Tsai, L.-H., Aubourg, P., Ransohoff, R. M., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4189 · Cited by 651 · see citing works

Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI.

Absinta, M., Ha, S.-K., Nair, G., Sati, P., Luciano, N. J., Palisoc, M., Louveau, A., Zaghloul, K. A., Pittaluga, S., Kipnis, J., et al. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.29738 · Cited by 643 · see citing works

Understanding the functions and relationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics

Louveau, A., Plog, B. A., Antila, S., Alitalo, K., Nedergaard, M., & Kipnis, J. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90603 · Cited by 640 · see citing works

Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation

Butler, A. B., & Hodos, W. (2005) · doi:10.1002/0471733849 · Cited by 640 · see citing works

Normal adult ramified microglia separated from other central nervous system macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivo antigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4+ T cells compared

Ford, A. L., Goodsall, A. L., Hickey, W. F., & Sedgwick, J. D. (1995) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.154.9.4309 · Cited by 631 · see citing works

A new fate mapping system reveals context-dependent random or clonal expansion of microglia

Tay, T. L., Mai, D., Dautzenberg, J., Fernández-Klett, F., Lin, G., Sagar, Datta, M., Drougard, A., Stempfl, T., Ardura-Fabregat, A., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4547 · Cited by 597 · see citing works

The Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1 Defines Three Antigen-Experienced CD8 T Cell Subsets with Distinct Roles in Immune Surveillance and Homeostasis

Gerlach, C., Moseman, E. A., Loughhead, S. M., Alvarez, D., Zwijnenburg, A. J., Waanders, L., Garg, R., de la Torre, J. C., & von Andrian, U. H. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.018 · Cited by 567 · see citing works

Trafficking of immune cells in the central nervous system

Wilson, E. H., Weninger, W., & Hunter, C. A. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci41911 · Cited by 521 · see citing works

What is the blood–brain barrier (not)?

Bechmann, I., Galea, I., & Perry, V. H. (2007) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.11.007 · Cited by 520 · see citing works

Progressive replacement of embryo-derived cardiac macrophages with age

Molawi, K., Wolf, Y., Kandalla, P. K., Favret, J., Hagemeyer, N., Frenzel, K., Pinto, A. R., Klapproth, K., Henri, S., MALISSEN, B., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20140639 · Cited by 504 · see citing works

Modulating inflammatory monocytes with a unique microRNA gene signature ameliorates murine ALS

Butovsky, O., Siddiqui, S., Gabriely, G., Lanser, A. J., Dake, B., Murugaiyan, G., Doykan, C. E., Wu, P. M., Gali, R. R., Iyer, L. K., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci62636 · Cited by 481 · see citing works

See no evil, hear no evil, do no evil: the lessons of immune privilege

Niederkorn, J. Y. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1328 · Cited by 449 · see citing works

Junctions in the meninges and marginal glia.

Nabeshima, S., Reese, T. S., Landis, D. M. D., & Brightman, M. W. (1975) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901640202 · Cited by 444 · see citing works

Molecular anatomy and functions of the choroidal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in health and disease

Ghersi-Egea, J.-F., Strazielle, N., Catala, M., Silva-Vargas, V., Doetsch, F., & Engelhardt, B. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1807-1 · Cited by 436 · see citing works

Differentiation of human and murine induced pluripotent stem cells to microglia-like cells

Pandya, H., Shen, M. J., Ichikawa, D. M., Sedlock, A. B., Choi, Y., Johnson, K. R., Kim, G., Brown, M. A., Elkahloun, A. G., Maric, D., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4534 · Cited by 405 · see citing works

Bone Marrow-derived Elements in the Central Nervous System: An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Survey of Rat Chimeras

Hickey, W. F., Vass, K., & Lassmann, H. (1992) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199205000-00002 · Cited by 401 · see citing works

Microglia turnover with aging and in an Alzheimer’s model via long-term in vivo single-cell imaging

Füger, P., Hefendehl, J. K., Veeraraghavalu, K., Wendeln, A.-C., Schlosser, C., Obermüller, U., Wegenast-Braun, B. M., Neher, J. J., Martus, P., Kohsaka, S., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4631 · Cited by 401 · see citing works

Selective targeting of perivascular macrophages for clearance of β-amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Hawkes, C. A., & McLaurin, J. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0805453106 · Cited by 397 · see citing works

Neuroimmune Axes of the Blood–Brain Barriers and Blood–Brain Interfaces: Bases for Physiological Regulation, Disease States, and Pharmacological Interventions

Erickson, M. A., & Banks, W. A. (2018) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.117.014647 · Cited by 394 · see citing works

Ontogeny and homeostasis of CNS myeloid cells

Prinz, M., Erny, D., & Hagemeyer, N. (2017) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3703 · Cited by 391 · see citing works

Effector T-cell trafficking between the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid

Schläger, C., Körner, H., Krueger, M., Vidoli, S., Haberl, M., Mielke, D., Brylla, E., Issekutz, T., Cabañas, C., Nelson, P. J., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16939 · Cited by 372 · see citing works

Review: sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Attems, J., Jellinger, K., Thal, D. R., & Van Nostrand, W. (2011) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01137.x · Cited by 371 · see citing works

Perivascular Macrophages Are the Primary Cell Type Productively Infected by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in the Brains of Macaques

Williams, K. C., Corey, S. M., Westmoreland, S. V., Pauley, D. R., Knight, H., deBakker, C. D., Alvarez, X. A., & Lackner, A. A. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.193.8.905 · Cited by 371 · see citing works

Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central nervous system

Engelhardt, B., Carare, R. O., Bechmann, I., Flügel, A., Laman, J. D., & Weller, R. O. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1606-5 · Cited by 362 · see citing works

Perivascular drainage of solutes is impaired in the ageing mouse brain and in the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Hawkes, C. A., Härtig, W., Kacza, J., Schliebs, R., Weller, R. O., Nicoll, J. A. R., & Carare, R. O. (2011) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0801-7 · Cited by 359 · see citing works

Myelin-laden macrophages are anti-inflammatory, consistent with foam cells in multiple sclerosis

Boven, L. A., Van Meurs, M., Van Zwam, M., Wierenga-Wolf, A., Hintzen, R. Q., Boot, R. G., Aerts, J. M., Amor, S., Nieuwenhuis, E. E., & Laman, J. D. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh707 · Cited by 353 · see citing works

Distinct and Non-Redundant Roles of Microglia and Myeloid Subsets in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Mildner, A., Schlevogt, B., Kierdorf, K., Böttcher, C., Erny, D., Kummer, M. P., Quinn, M., Brück, W., Bechmann, I., Heneka, M. T., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6209-10.2011 · Cited by 351 · see citing works

Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension

Faraco, G., Sugiyama, Y., Lane, D., Garcia-Bonilla, L., Chang, H., Santisteban, M. M., Racchumi, G., Murphy, M., Van Rooijen, N., Anrather, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci86950 · Cited by 350 · see citing works

Single-cell mass cytometry reveals distinct populations of brain myeloid cells in mouse neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration models

Ajami, B., Samusik, N., Wieghofer, P., Ho, P. P., Crotti, A., Bjornson, Z., Prinz, M., Fantl, W. J., Nolan, G. P., & Steinman, L. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0100-x · Cited by 338 · see citing works

Identification of microglia in light and electron microscopy

Mori, S., & Leblond, C. P. (1969) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901350104 · Cited by 330 · see citing works

Microglia Express CCR5, CXCR4, and CCR3, but of These, CCR5 Is the Principal Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Dementia Isolates

Albright, A. V., Shieh, J. T. C., Itoh, T., Lee, B., Pleasure, D., O’Connor, M. J., Doms, R. W., & González‐Scarano, F. (1999) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.73.1.205-213.1999 · Cited by 296 · see citing works

Yolk sac macrophage progenitors traffic to the embryo during defined stages of development

Stremmel, C., Schuchert, R., Wagner, F., Thaler, R., Weinberger, T., Pick, R., Mass, E., Ishikawa-Ankerhold, H. C., Margraf, A., Hutter, S., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02492-2 · Cited by 290 · see citing works

Nerve fibres and their terminals of the dura mater encephali of the rat

Andres, K. H., D�ring, M., Muszynski, K., & Schmidt, R. F. (1987) · Anatomy and Embryology · doi:10.1007/bf00309843 · Cited by 289 · see citing works

Localizing central nervous system immune surveillance: Meningeal antigen‐presenting cells activate T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Kivisäkk, P., Imitola, J., Rasmussen, S. O., Elyaman, W., Zhu, B., Ransohoff, R. M., & Khoury, S. J. (2008) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21379 · Cited by 287 · see citing works

Microglia in steady state

Kierdorf, K., & Prinz, M. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90602 · Cited by 283 · see citing works

Intravenous lipopolysaccharide induces cyclooxygenase 2-like immunoreactivity in rat brain perivascular microglia and meningeal macrophages

Elmquist, J. K., Breder, C. D., Sherin, J. E., Scammell, T. E., Hickey, W. F., DeWitt, D. L., & Saper, C. B. (1997) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970505)381:2 · Cited by 282 · see citing works

Microglia Versus Myeloid Cell Nomenclature during Brain Inflammation

Greter, M., Lelios, I., & Croxford, A. L. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00249 · Cited by 273 · see citing works

Brain Perivascular Macrophages Initiate the Neurovascular Dysfunction of Alzheimer Aβ Peptides

Park, L., Uekawa, K., Garcia-Bonilla, L., Koizumi, K., Murphy, M., Pistik, R., Younkin, L., Younkin, S., Zhou, P., Carlson, G., et al. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.117.311054 · Cited by 259 · see citing works

Real-Time In Vivo Imaging Reveals the Ability of Monocytes to Clear Vascular Amyloid Beta

Michaud, J.-P., Bellavance, M.-A., Préfontaine, P., & Rivest, S. (2013) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.010 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Dual Roles for Perivascular Macrophages in Immune-to-Brain Signaling

Serrats, J., Schiltz, J. C., García-Bueno, B., van Rooijen, N., Reyes, T. M., & Sawchenko, P. E. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.032 · Cited by 253 · see citing works

Myeloid-Cell-Derived VEGF Maintains Brain Glucose Uptake and Limits Cognitive Impairment in Obesity

Jaïs, A., Solas, M., Backes, H., Chaurasia, B., Kleinridders, A., Theurich, S., Mauer, J., Steculorum, S. M., Hampel, B., Goldau, J., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.033 · Cited by 253 · see citing works

Development of the choroid plexus and blood-CSF barrier

Liddelow, S. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00032 · Cited by 238 · see citing works

Conventional DCs sample and present myelin antigens in the healthy CNS and allow parenchymal T cell entry to initiate neuroinflammation

Mundt, S., Mrdjen, D., Utz, S. G., Greter, M., Schreiner, B., & Becher, B. (2019) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aau8380 · Cited by 235 · see citing works

CD163 Identifies Perivascular Macrophages in Normal and Viral Encephalitic Brains and Potential Precursors to Perivascular Macrophages in Blood

Kim, W.-K., Alvarez, X., Fisher, J., Bronfin, B., Westmoreland, S., McLaurin, J., & Williams, K. (2006) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2006.050215 · Cited by 225 · see citing works

Perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia of the human brain: their relationship to lacunes

POLLOCK, H., HUTCHINGS, M., WELLER, R. O., & ZHANG, E. (1997) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19130337.x · Cited by 220 · see citing works

Immune surveillance of mouse brain perivascular spaces by blood‐borne macrophages

Bechmann, I., Priller, J., Kovac, A. D., Böntert, M., Wehner, T., Fernández‐Klett, F., Bohsung, J., Stuschke, M., Dirnagl, U., & Nitsch, R. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01793.x · Cited by 213 · see citing works

Brain Cell Reservoirs of Latent Virus in Presymptomatic HIV-Infected Individuals

Thompson, K. A., Cherry, C. L., Bell, J. E., & McLean, C. (2011) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.039 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Host–pathogen interactions in bacterial meningitis.

Doran, K. S., Fulde, M., Gratz, N., Kim, B. J., Nau, R., Prasadarao, N., Schubert-Unkmeir, A., Tuomanen, E. I., & Valentin-Weigand, P. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1531-z · Cited by 208 · see citing works

Directional and compartmentalised drainage of interstitial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid from the rat brain

Zhang, E. T., Richards, H. K., Kida, S., & Weller, R. O. (1992) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00296784 · Cited by 205 · see citing works

Time course and distribution of inflammatory and neurodegenerative events suggest structural bases for the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Brown, D. A., & Sawchenko, P. E. (2007) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21307 · Cited by 200 · see citing works

Spatial relation between microbleeds and amyloid deposits in amyloid angiopathy

Dierksen, G. A., Skehan, M. E., Khan, M. A., Jeng, J., Nandigam, R. N. K., Becker, J. A., Kumar, A., Neal, K. L., Betensky, R. A., Frosch, M. P., et al. (2010) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22099 · Cited by 195 · see citing works

Perivascular cells act as scavengers in the cerebral perivascular spaces and remain distinct from pericytes, microglia and macrophages

Kida, S., Steart, P. V., Zhang, E.-T., & Weller, R. O. (1993) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00334675 · Cited by 189 · see citing works

Macrophages Mediate the Repair of Brain Vascular Rupture through Direct Physical Adhesion and Mechanical Traction

Liu, C., Wu, C., Yang, Q., Gao, J., Li, L., Yang, D., & Luo, L. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.03.008 · Cited by 189 · see citing works

Involvement of specific macrophage-lineage cells surrounding arterioles in barrier and scavenger function in brain cortex.

Mato, M., Ookawara, S., Sakamoto, A., Aikawa, E., Ogawa, T., Mitsuhashi, U., Masuzawa, T., Suzuki, H., Honda, M., Yazaki, Y., et al. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3269 · Cited by 187 · see citing works

Circulating monocytes engraft in the brain, differentiate into microglia and contribute to the pathology following meningitis in mice

Djukic, M. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl206 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

HIV-1 target cells in the CNS

Joseph, S., Arrildt, K. T., Sturdevant, C. B., & Swanstrom, R. I. (2014) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-014-0287-x · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Mannose receptor expression specifically reveals perivascular macrophages in normal, injured, and diseased mouse brain

Galea, I., Palin, K., Newman, T. A., van Rooijen, N., Perry, V. H., & Boche, D. (2004) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20124 · Cited by 183 · see citing works

How Do Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels Drain the CNS?

Raper, D. M. S., Louveau, A., & Kipnis, J. (2016) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2016.07.001 · Cited by 181 · see citing works

Meningeal and Perivascular Macrophages of the Central Nervous System Play a Protective Role During Bacterial Meningitis

Polfliet, M. M. J., Zwijnenburg, P. J. G., van Furth, A. M., van der Poll, T., Döpp, E. A., de Lavalette, C. R., van Kesteren-Hendrikx, E. M. L., van Rooijen, N., Dijkstra, C. D., & van den Berg, T. K. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4644 · Cited by 180 · see citing works

Zika Virus Targeting in the Developing Brain

van den Pol, A. N., Mao, G., Yang, Y., Ornaghi, S., & Davis, J. N. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3124-16.2017 · Cited by 178 · see citing works

Developmental origin and maintenance of distinct testicular macrophage populations

Mossadegh‐Keller, N., Gentek, R., Gimenez, G., Bigot, S., Mailfert, S., & Sieweke, M. H. (2017) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20170829 · Cited by 178 · see citing works

Microscopic morphology and histology of the human meninges

Weller, R. O. (2005) · Morphologie · doi:10.1016/s1286-0115(05)83235-7 · Cited by 176 · see citing works

The choroid plexus: A historical review

Dohrmann, G. J. (1970) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(70)90324-0 · Cited by 175 · see citing works

Blood-brain interfaces in vertebrates: a comparative approach

Cserr, H. F., & Bundgaard, M. (1984) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.3.r277 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) regulates perivascular macrophages and modifies amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer mouse model

Thanopoulou, K., Fragkouli, A., Stylianopoulou, F., & Georgopoulos, S. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1005888107 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Macrophages and dendritic cells in the rat meninges and choroid plexus: three-dimensional localisation by environmental scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy

McMenamin, P. G., Wealthall, R. J., Deverall, M., Cooper, S. J., & Griffin, B. (2003) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-003-0779-0 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Scavenger receptor CD36 is essential for the cerebrovascular oxidative stress and neurovascular dysfunction induced by amyloid-β

Park, L., Wang, G., Zhou, P., Zhou, J., Pitstick, R., Previti, M. L., Younkin, L., Younkin, S. G., Van Nostrand, W. E., Cho, S., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1015413108 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Distinct myeloid cell subsets promote meningeal remodeling and vascular repair after mild traumatic brain injury

Russo, M. V., Latour, L. L., & McGavern, D. B. (2018) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0086-2 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

CNS-border associated macrophages respond to acute ischemic stroke attracting granulocytes and promoting vascular leakage

Pedragosa, J., Salas-Perdomo, A., Gallizioli, M., Cugota, R., Miró‐Mur, F., Briansó, F., Justicia, C., Pérez-Asensio, F. J., Márquez‐Kisinousky, L., Urra, X., et al. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-018-0581-6 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Ultrastructural studies of the blood-retina barrier after exposure to interleukin-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Cláudio, L., Martiney, J. A., & Brosnan, C. F. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Transcriptome‐based profiling of yolk sac‐derived macrophages reveals a role for Irf8 in macrophage maturation

Hagemeyer, N., Kierdorf, K., Frenzel, K., Xue, J., Ringelhan, M., Abdullah, Z., Godin, I., Wieghofer, P., Jordão, M. J. C., Ulas, T., et al. (2016) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201693801 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Novel Characterization of Monocyte-Derived Cell Populations in the Meninges and Choroid Plexus and Their Rates of Replenishment in Bone Marrow Chimeric Mice

Chinnery, H. R., Ruitenberg, M. J., & McMenamin, P. G. (2010) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181edbc1a · Cited by 140 · see citing works

Macrophages in Multiple Sclerosis

Brück, W., Sommermeier, N., Bergmann, M., Zettl, U., Goebel, H. H., Kretzschmar, H. A., & Lassmann, H. (1996) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/s0171-2985(96)80024-6 · Cited by 139 · see citing works

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Vessel Dysfunction

Greenberg, S. M. (2002) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000049149 · Cited by 135 · see citing works

Turnover of Rat Brain Perivascular Cells

Bechmann, I., Kwidzinski, E., Kovac, A. D., Simbürger, E., Horvath, T., Gimsa, U., Dirnagl, U., Priller, J., & Nitsch, R. (2001) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.2000.7618 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Innate immunity receptor CD36 promotes cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Park, L., Zhou, J., Zhou, P., Pistick, R., Jamal, S. E., Younkin, L. H., Pierce, J. P., Arreguin, A. J., Anrather, J., Younkin, S. G., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1300021110 · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Microglial MHC class II is dispensable for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cuprizone‐induced demyelination

Wolf, Y., Shemer, A., Levy‐Efrati, L., Gross, M., Kim, J., Engel, A., David, E., Chappell‐Maor, L., Grozovski, J., Rotkopf, R., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201847540 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Intracellular processing of disease-associated α-synuclein in the human brain suggests prion-like cell-to-cell spread

Kovács, G. G., Breydo, L., Green, R. J., Kis, V., Puska, G., Lőrincz, P., Perju‐Dumbrava, L., Giera, R., Pirker, W., Lutz, M. I., et al. (2014) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.020 · Cited by 128 · see citing works

A method for the selective depletion of perivascular and meningeal macrophages in the central nervous system

Polfliet, M. M. J., Goede, P. H., van Kesteren-Hendrikx, E. M. L., van Rooijen, N., Dijkstra, C. D., & van den Berg, T. K. (2001) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00282-x · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Infection drives meningeal engraftment by inflammatory monocytes that impairs CNS immunity

Rua, R., Lee, J. Y., Silva, A. B., Swafford, I. S., Maric, D., Johnson, K. R., & McGavern, D. B. (2019) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0344-y · Cited by 123 · see citing works

A novel perivascular cell population in the zebrafish brain

Galanternik, M. V., Castranova, D., Gore, A. V., Blewett, N. H., Jung, H. M., Stratman, A. N., Kirby, M., Iben, J., Miller, M. F., Kawakami, K., et al. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.24369 · Cited by 123 · see citing works

Brain Perivascular Macrophages and the Sympathetic Response to Inflammation in Rats After Myocardial Infarction

Yang, Y., Zhang, Z., Wei, S., Serrats, J., Weiss, R. M., & Felder, R. B. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.142836 · Cited by 121 · see citing works

Perivascular Macrophages Limit Permeability

He, H., Mack, J. J., Güç, E., Warren, C. M., Squadrito, M. L., Kilarski, W. W., Baer, C., Freshman, R. D., McDonald, A. I., Ziyad, S., et al. (2016) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.116.307592 · Cited by 119 · see citing works

In vivo dynamics of innate immune sentinels in the CNS

Nayak, D., Zinselmeyer, B. H., Corps, K. N., & McGavern, D. B. (2012) · IntraVital · doi:10.4161/intv.22823 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Extensive grey matter pathology in the cerebellum in multiple sclerosis is linked to inflammation in the subarachnoid space

Howell, O. W., Schulz‐Trieglaff, E. K., Carassiti, D., Gentleman, S. M., Nicholas, R. S., Roncaroli, F., & Reynolds, R. (2014) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12199 · Cited by 107 · see citing works

Activation of pial and dural macrophages and dendritic cells by cortical spreading depression

Schain, A. J., Melo‐Carrillo, A., Borsook, D., Grutzendler, J., Strassman, A. M., & Burstein, R. (2018) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25169 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Developmental morphology of the subarachnoid space and contiguous structures in the mouse

McLone, D. G., & Bondareff, W. (1975) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1001420302 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

CXCR3-dependent accumulation and activation of perivascular macrophages is necessary for homeostatic arterial remodeling to hemodynamic stresses

Zhou, J., Tang, P. C. Y., Qin, L., Gayed, P. M., Li, W., Skokos, E. A., Kyriakides, T. R., Pober, J. S., & Tellides, G. (2010) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20100098 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Analyses of phenotypic and functional characteristics of CX3CR1‐expressing natural killer cells

Hamann, I., Unterwalder, N., Cardona, A. E., Meisel, C., Zipp, F., Ransohoff, R. M., & Infante‐Duarte, C. (2011) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03409.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Microbes' roadmap to neurons

Kristensson, K. (2011) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3029 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Afferent and efferent immunological pathways of the brain. Anatomy, Function and Failure

Carare, R. O., Hawkes, C. A., & Weller, R. O. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.012 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Fluids and barriers of the CNS: a historical viewpoint

Liddelow, S. A. (2011) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-8-2 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Regulation of Immune Cell Entry into the Central Nervous System

Engelhardt, B. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/400_020 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

A limited capacity for microglial repopulation in the adult brain

Najafi, A. R., Crapser, J., Jiang, S., Ng, W., Mortazavi, A., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2018) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23477 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Stromal macrophages of the choroid plexus situated at an interface between the brain and peripheral immune system constitutively express major histocompatibility class II antigens

Matyszak, M. K., Lawson, L. J., Perry, V. H., & Gordon, S. (1992) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(92)90131-4 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Neurobiology of Simian and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

Lackner, A. A., Dandekar, S., & Gardner, M. B. (1991) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00660.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works

THE MICROGLIA

del Río-Hortega, P. (1939) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)60571-8 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Tissue-resident macrophages can contain replication-competent virus in antiretroviral-naive, SIV-infected Asian macaques

DiNapoli, S. R., Ortiz, A. M., Wu, F., Matsuda, K., Twigg, H. L., Hirsch, V. M., Knox, K. S., & Brenchley, J. M. (2017) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.91214 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

The ultrastructure of spinal cord perivascular spaces: Implications for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Lam, M. A., Hemley, S. J., Najafi, E., Vella, N. G. F., Bilston, L. E., & Stoodley, M. A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13455-4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

The chemical cytology of the chorioid plexus and blood brain barrier of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Wislocki, G. B., & Dempsey, E. W. (1948) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.900880302 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Topographic study on nerve-associated lymphatic vessels in the murine craniofacial region by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy

Furukawa, M., Shimoda, H., Kajiwara, T., Kato, S., & Yanagisawa, S. (2008) · Biomedical Research · doi:10.2220/biomedres.29.289 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

The Mannose Receptor in the Brain

Régnier‐Vigouroux, A. (2003) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(03)01006-4 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Ly-6G+CCR2− Myeloid Cells Rather Than Ly-6ChighCCR2+ Monocytes Are Required for the Control of Bacterial Infection in the Central Nervous System

Mildner, A., Djukic, M., Garbe, D., Wellmer, A., Kuziel, W. A., Mack, M., Nau, R., & Prinz, M. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2713 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Do not judge a cell by its cover—diversity of CNS resident, adjoining and infiltrating myeloid cells in inflammation

Brendecke, S. M., & Prinz, M. (2015) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0520-6 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Uptake of exogenous substances and marked infoldings of the fluorescent granular pericyte in cerebral fine vessels

Mato, M., Ookawara, S., & Kurihara, K. (1980) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1001570308 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

The Blood‐Brain Interface in Invertebratesa

Abbott, N. J., Lane, N. J., & Bundgaard, M. (1986) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb27136.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Computational neurobiology is a useful tool in translational neurology: the example of ataxia

Brown, S.-A., McCullough, L., & Loew, L. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00001 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Quantitation of Perivascular Monocytes and Macrophages around Cerebral Blood Vessels of Hypertensive and Aged Rats

Liu, Y., Jacobowitz, D. M., Barone, F. C., McCarron, R. M., Spatz, M., Feuerstein, G., Hallenbeck, J. M., & Sirén, A. (1994) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1994.43 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Improvement in Middle Cerebral Artery Structure and Endothelial Function in Stroke‐Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats after Macrophage Depletion

Pires, P. W., Girgla, S. S., McClain, J. L., Kaminski, N. E., van Rooijen, N., & Dorrance, A. M. (2013) · Microcirculation · doi:10.1111/micc.12064 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Genetically Modified CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells Contribute to Turnover of Brain Perivascular Macrophages in Long-Term Repopulated Primates

Soulas, C., Donahue, R. E., Dunbar, C. E., Persons, D. A., Alvarez, X. A., & Williams, K. C. (2009) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.081010 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Immune challenge by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide directs gene expression in distinct blood–brain barrier cells toward enhanced prostaglandin E2 signaling

Vasilache, A. M., Qian, H., & Blomqvist, A. G. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Extravascular CX3CR1+Cells Extend Intravascular Dendritic Processes into Intact Central Nervous System Vessel Lumen

Barkauskas, D. S., Evans, T. A., Myers, J., Petrošiūtė, A., Silver, J., & Huang, A. Y.-C. (2013) · Microscopy and Microanalysis · doi:10.1017/s1431927613000482 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

D2-40 Expression Demonstrates Lymphatic Vessel Characteristics in the Dural Portion of the Optic Nerve Sheath

Gausas, R. E., Daly, T., & Fogt, F. (2007) · Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.iop.0000249431.04116.a8 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

The perivascular spaces of the mammalian brain

Patek, P. R. (1944) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1090880102 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Nature of the Inflammatory Process in the Central Nervous System of Mice Infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

Allan, J. E., Dixon, J. E., & Doherty, P. C. (1987) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71726-0_6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Interleukin-1β induced activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis is dependent on interleukin-1 receptors on non-hematopoietic cells

Matsuwaki, T., Eskilsson, A., Kugelberg, U. Ö., Jönsson, J., & Blomqvist, A. G. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.03.015 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Proliferation of Perivascular Macrophages Contributes to the Development of Encephalitic Lesions in HIV-Infected Humans and in SIV-Infected Macaques

Filipowicz, A. R., McGary, C. M., Holder, G. E., Lindgren, A. A., Johnson, E. M., Sugimoto, C., Kuroda, M. J., & Kim, W. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32900 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Infection of Cats with Molecularly Cloned and Biological Isolates of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Sparger, E. E., Beebe, A. M., Dua, N., et al. (1994) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1677 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Abundant extracellular myelin in the meninges of patients with multiple sclerosis

Kooi, E., van Horssen, J., Witte, M. E., Amor, S., Bø, L., Dijkstra, C. D., van der Valk, P., & Geurts, J. J. G. (2008) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.00986.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works

[The concept of cerebral lacunae from 1838 to the present].

Poirier, J. C., & Derouesné, C. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Dynamic changes in meningeal inflammation correspond to clinical exacerbations in a murine model of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Caulfield, M. E., Hatfield, J. K., & Brown, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.12.009 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

THE MENINGES IN LOWER VERTEBRATES COMPARED WITH THOSE IN MAMMALS

Kappers, C. U. A. (1926) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1926.02200210002001 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Influences of age and vasopressin on the uptake capacity of fluorescent granular perithelial cells (FGP) of small cerebral vessels of the rat

Mato, M., & Ookawara, S. (1981) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1001620105 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

The immunophenotype of perivascular cells in the human brain

Sasaki, A., Nakazato, Y., Ogawa, A., & Sugihara, S. (1996) · Pathology International · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1996.tb03528.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works

De novo expression of the hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 by activated microglia is not associated with hemorrhages in human brain lesions.

Holfelder, K., Schittenhelm, J., Trautmann, K., Haybaeck, J., Meyermann, R., & Beschorner, R. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.14670/hh-26.1007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Choroid plexus macrophages proliferate and release toxic factors in response to feline immunodeficiency virus

Bragg, D. C., Hudson, L. C., Liang, Y., et al. (2002) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1080/13550280290049679 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Studies on fluorescent granular perithelium (F.G.P.) of rat cerebral cortex - especially referring to morphological changes in aging.

Mato, M., Ookawara, S., Aikawa, E., & Kawasaki, K. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Distinct macrophage subpopulations regulate viral encephalitis but not viral clearance in the CNS

Steel, C., Kim, W., Sanford, L. D., Wellman, L. L., Burnett, S. H., van Rooijen, N., & Ciavarra, R. P. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.05.034 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

The significance of the evolution of the cerebrospinal fluid system.

Brocklehurst, G. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 29 · see citing works

A history of the brain: from Stone Age surgery to modern neuroscience

(2015) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.191274 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Turn-over of meningeal and perivascular macrophages in the brain of MCP-1-, CCR-2- or double knockout mice

Schilling, M., Strecker, J., Ringelstein, E. B., Kiefer, R., & Schäbitz, W. (2009) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.07.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Uptake of fat by fluorescent granular perithelial cells in cerebral cortex after administration of fat rich chow

Mato, M., Ookawara, S., Sano, M., & Fukuda, S. (1982) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01955791 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

CFFM4: a new member of the CD20/FcεRIβ family

Gingras, M., Lapillonne, H., & Margolin, J. (2001) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s002510100345 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Reduction of meningeal macrophages does not decrease migration of granulocytes into the CSF and brain parenchyma in experimental pneumococcal meningitis

Trostdorf, F., Brück, W., Schmitz-Salue, M., et al. (1999) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00121-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

A STUDY OF THE PERIVASCULAR TISSUES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, WITH THE SUPRAVITAL TECHNIQUE

Kubie, L. S. (1927) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.46.4.615 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: Description and Analysis of the Earliest Case of Aphasia

Minagar, A., Ragheb, J. R., & Kelley, R. E. (2003) · Journal of Medical Biography · doi:10.1177/096777200301100214 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Microglial cells in the brain of Pleurodeles waltl (urodela, salamandridae) after wallerian degeneration in the primary visual system using Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin B4‐cytochemistry

Naujoks‐Manteuffel, C., & Niemann, U. (1994) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.440100204 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

On the anatomic relation of choroid plexus to brain: a comparative study

Cserr, H. F., Bundgaard, M., Ashby, J., et al. (1980) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1980.238.1.r76 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

�ber die Fluoreszenz perivascul�rer Zellen im Gehirn der Katze

Fleischhauer, K. (1964) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00339193 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Granulocytes in the subarachnoid space of humans and rabbits with bacterial meningitis undergo apoptosis and are eliminated by macrophages

Nau, R., Zettl, U. K., Gerber, J., Trostdorf, F., Michel, U., Böttcher, T., Schmidt, H., Adler, S., & Brück, W. (1998) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s004010050921 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Discovery of the arachnoid membrane

Bakay, L. (1991) · Surgical Neurology · doi:10.1016/0090-3019(91)90136-w · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Macrophage populations and expressions of regulatory proinflammatory factors in the rat meninx under lipopolysaccharide treatment in vivo and in vitro.

Yamate, J., Ishimine, S., Izawa, T., Kumagai, D., & Kuwamura, M. (2009) · PubMed · doi:10.14670/hh-24.13 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

A History of the Brain

Wickens, A. P. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315794549 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Meningeal‐like organization of neural tissues in calanoid copepods (Crustacea)

Mercier, F., Weatherby, T. M., & Hartline, D. K. (2012) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23173 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Galen on Anatomical Procedures

Galen (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511707377 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

The Anatomy of the Meninges

Clarke, A. (1944) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.20.220.74 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Comparative morphology of the meninges of amphibians and reptiles.

Zajícová, A. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Über einige Lymphräume im Gehirne

Obersteiner, H. (1870) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · Cited by 5 · see citing works

[Clinical trial of chemotherapeutic combinations based on the notion of attempted cellular synchronization. Preliminary administration of an antimitotic followed by the use of cycle-dependent or phase dependent product(s)].

Pouillart, P., Schwarzenberg, L., Mathé, G., et al. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Alternatively activated brain-resident macrophages acquire and retain inflammatory properties following CNS infection while interacting with effector and memory T cells.

Rua, R., & McGavern, D. B. (2016) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.61.17 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

ON THE PERIVASCULAR SPACES IN THE NERVOUS CENTERS

Deecke, T. (1874) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.30.3.322 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Discovery of two meningeal macrophage populations with differential roles during homeostasis and inflammation

Rua, R., Johnson, K. R., & McGavern, D. B. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.68.6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Microglia Biology: One Century of Evolving Concepts

Prinz, M., Jung, S., & Priller, J. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.053 · Cited by 1,525 · see citing works

Microglia: Immune and non-immune functions

Borst, K., Dumas, A. A., & Prinz, M. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.014 · Cited by 804 · see citing works

Microglia Heterogeneity in the Single-Cell Era

Masuda, T., Sankowski, R., Staszewski, O., & Prinz, M. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.010 · Cited by 784 · see citing works

The blood–brain barrier in health and disease: Important unanswered questions

Profaci, C. P., Munji, R. N., Pulido, R. S., & Daneman, R. (2020) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20190062 · Cited by 781 · see citing works

Single-cell profiling of myeloid cells in glioblastoma across species and disease stage reveals macrophage competition and specialization

Pombo Antunes, A. R., Scheyltjens, I., Lodi, F., Messiaen, J., Antoranz, A., Duerinck, J., Kancheva, D., Martens, L., De Vlaminck, K., Van Hove, H., et al. (2021) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-00789-y · Cited by 704 · see citing works

Revisiting the neurovascular unit

Schaeffer, S. M., & Iadecola, C. (2021) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-021-00904-7 · Cited by 654 · see citing works

Microglia and Central Nervous System–Associated Macrophages—From Origin to Disease Modulation

Prinz, M., Masuda, T., Wheeler, M. A., & Quintana, F. J. (2021) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-110159 · Cited by 584 · see citing works

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease

Heneka, M. T., van der Flier, W. M., Jessen, F., Hoozemanns, J., Thal, D. R., Boche, D., Brosseron, F., Teunissen, C., Zetterberg, H., Jacobs, A. H., et al. (2025) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01104-7 · Cited by 638 · see citing works

Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis

Mosser, D. M., Hamidzadeh, K., & Gonçalves, R. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-00541-3 · Cited by 509 · see citing works

Single-cell atlas reveals correlates of high cognitive function, dementia, and resilience to Alzheimer’s disease pathology

Mathys, H., Peng, Z., Boix, C. A., Victor, M. B., Leary, N., Babu, S., Abdelhady, G., Jiang, X., Ng, A. P., Ghafari, K., et al. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.039 · Cited by 495 · see citing works

Single-cell multiregion dissection of Alzheimer’s disease

Mathys, H., Boix, C. A., Akay, L. A., Xia, Z., Davila-Velderrain, J., Ng, A. P., Jiang, X., Abdelhady, G., Galani, K., Mantero, J., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07606-7 · Cited by 343 · see citing works

Single-cell RNA-seq reveals the transcriptional landscape in ischemic stroke

Zheng, K., Lin, L., Jiang, W., Chen, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., Ren, Y., & Hao, J. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x211026770 · Cited by 306 · see citing works

Parenchymal border macrophages regulate the flow dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid

Drieu, A., Du, S., Storck, S. E., Rustenhoven, J., Papadopoulos, Z., Dykstra, T., Zhong, F., Kim, K., Blackburn, S., Mamuladze, T., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05397-3 · Cited by 325 · see citing works

Novel Hexb-based tools for studying microglia in the CNS

Masuda, T., Amann, L., Sankowski, R., Staszewski, O., Lenz, M., d´Errico, P., Snaidero, N., Costa Jordão, M. J., Böttcher, C., Kierdorf, K., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0707-4 · Cited by 317 · see citing works

Specification of CNS macrophage subsets occurs postnatally in defined niches

Masuda, T., Amann, L., Monaco, G., Sankowski, R., Staszewski, O., Krueger, M., Del Gaudio, F., He, L., Paterson, N., Nent, E., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04596-2 · Cited by 294 · see citing works

Perivascular cells induce microglial phagocytic states and synaptic engulfment via SPP1 in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease

De Schepper, S., Ge, J. Z., Sierksma, A., Crowley, G., Ferreira, L. S. S., Garceau, D., Toomey, C. E., Sokolova, D., Rueda-Carrasco, J., Shin, S.-H., et al. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01257-z · Cited by 295 · see citing works

The blood–tumour barrier in cancer biology and therapy

Steeg, P. S. (2021) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-021-00529-6 · Cited by 294 · see citing works

Hypertension, Neurovascular Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment

Santisteban, M. M., Iadecola, C., & Carnevale, D. (2022) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18085 · Cited by 291 · see citing works

Tryptophan metabolism drives dynamic immunosuppressive myeloid states in IDH-mutant gliomas

Friedrich, M., Sankowski, R., Bunse, L., Kilian, M., Green, E., Guevara, C. R., Pusch, S., Poschet, G., Sanghvi, K., Hahn, M., et al. (2021) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-021-00201-z · Cited by 232 · see citing works

Siglec-9 acts as an immune-checkpoint molecule on macrophages in glioblastoma, restricting T-cell priming and immunotherapy response

Mei, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Liu, D., He, J., Huang, C., Liao, J., Wang, Y., Feng, Y.-Y., Li, H., et al. (2023) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-023-00598-9 · Cited by 226 · see citing works

Microglia and monocytes in inflammatory CNS disease: integrating phenotype and function

Spiteri, A. G., Wishart, C. L., Pamphlett, R., Locatelli, G., & King, N. J. C. (2022) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-021-02384-2 · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Emergence and Developmental Roles of the Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Fame, R. M., & Lehtinen, M. K. (2020) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.027 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Immune biology of glioma associated macrophages and microglia: Functional and therapeutic implications

Wei, J., Chen, P., Gupta, P., Ott, M., Zamler, D. B., Kassab, C., Bhat, K., Curran, M. A., de Groot, J., & Heimberger, A. B. (2019) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/noz212 · Cited by 192 · see citing works

Ten Unsolved Questions About Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease

Hirsch, É. C., & Standaert, D. G. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28075 · Cited by 191 · see citing works

Immune cell compartmentalization for brain surveillance and protection

Croese, T., Castellani, G., & Schwartz, M. (2021) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-00994-2 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

Endothelium-Macrophage Crosstalk Mediates Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Hypertension

Santisteban, M. M., Ahn, S. J., Lane, D., Faraco, G., García‐Bonilla, L., Racchumi, G., Poon, C., Schaeffer, S. M., Segarra, S. G., Körbelin, J., et al. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15581 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

Development of Novel Therapeutics Targeting the Blood–Brain Barrier: From Barrier to Carrier

Li, J., Zheng, M., Shimoni, O., Banks, W. A., Bush, A. I., Gamble, J. R., & Shi, B. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202101090 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Microglial/Macrophage polarization and function in brain injury and repair after stroke

Lyu, J., Xie, D., Bhatia, T. N., Leak, R. K., Hu, X., & Jiang, X. (2021) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.13620 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

Differential plasticity and fate of brain-resident and recruited macrophages during the onset and resolution of neuroinflammation

Vlaminck, K. D., Hove, H. V., Kancheva, D., Scheyltjens, I., Antunes, A. R. P., Bastos, J., Vara‐Pérez, M., Ali, L., Mampay, M., Deneyer, L., et al. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.005 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Molecular anatomy of adult mouse leptomeninges

Pietilä, R., Del Gaudio, F., He, L., Vázquez-Liébanas, E., Vanlandewijck, M., Muhl, L., Mocci, G., Bjørnholm, K. D., Lindblad, C., Fletcher-Sandersjöö, A., et al. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works

Multiomic spatial landscape of innate immune cells at human central nervous system borders

Sankowski, R., Süß, P., Benkendorff, A., Böttcher, C., Fernandez-Zapata, C., Chhatbar, C., Cahueau, J., Monaco, G., Gasull, A. D., Khavaran, A., et al. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02673-1 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein‐1 harnesses glial‐, immune‐, and neuronal cell ligand‐receptor interactions to sense and regulate acute and chronic neuroinflammation

Yim, A., Smith, C., & Brown, A. M. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13081 · Cited by 155 · see citing works

Non-neuronal cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis — from pathogenesis to biomarkers

Vahsen, B. F., Gray, E., Thompson, A. G., Ansorge, O., Anthony, D. C., Cowley, S. A., Talbot, K., & Turner, M. R. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-021-00487-8 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Central nervous system macrophages in progressive multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurodegeneration and therapeutics

Kamma, E., Lasisi, W. O., Libner, C. D., Ng, H. S., & Plemel, J. R. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02408-y · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Neuroimmune mechanisms and therapies mediating post-ischaemic brain injury and repair

Shichita, T., Ooboshi, H., & Yoshimura, A. (2023) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-023-00690-0 · Cited by 145 · see citing works

Cell‐Based Delivery Systems: Emerging Carriers for Immunotherapy

Li, Z., Wang, Y., Ding, Y., Repp, L., Kwon, G. S., & Hu, Q. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202100088 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

Brain macrophage development, diversity and dysregulation in health and disease

Silvin, A., Qian, J., & Ginhoux, F. (2023) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-023-01053-6 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

Living on the Edge of the CNS: Meninges Cell Diversity in Health and Disease

Derk, J., Jones, H. E., Como, C., Pawlikowski, B., & Siegenthaler, J. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.703944 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Mapping the origin and fate of myeloid cells in distinct compartments of the eye by single‐cell profiling

Wieghofer, P., Hagemeyer, N., Sankowski, R., Schlecht, A., Staszewski, O., Amann, L., Gruber, M., Koch, J., Hausmann, A., Zhang, P., et al. (2021) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2020105123 · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Inflammation of the Embryonic Choroid Plexus Barrier following Maternal Immune Activation

Cui, J., Shipley, F. B., Shannon, M. L., Alturkistani, O., Dani, N., Webb, M. D., Sugden, A. U., Andermann, M. L., & Lehtinen, M. K. (2020) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.020 · Cited by 128 · see citing works

The roles of microglia in viral encephalitis: from sensome to therapeutic targeting

Chhatbar, C., & Prinz, M. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-00620-5 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

The neurovascular unit and systemic biology in stroke — implications for translation and treatment

Tiedt, S., Buchan, A. M., Dichgans, M., Lizasoaín, I., Moro, M. Á., & Lo, E. H. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-022-00703-z · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Tracking Calcium Dynamics and Immune Surveillance at the Choroid Plexus Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Interface

Shipley, F. B., Dani, N., Xu, H., Deister, C., Cui, J., Head, J. P., Sadegh, C., Fame, R. M., Shannon, M. L., Flores, V. I., et al. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.024 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Roles and regulation of microglia activity in multiple sclerosis: insights from animal models

Distéfano‐Gagné, F., Bitarafan, S., Lacroix, S., & Gosselin, D. (2023) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-023-00709-6 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Macrophages on the margin: choroid plexus immune responses

Cui, J., Xu, H., & Lehtinen, M. K. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2021.07.002 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

The choroid plexus and its role in the pathogenesis of neurological infections

Thompson, D., Brissette, C. A., & Watt, J. A. (2022) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-022-00372-6 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

Microglial Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Disease

Guo, M. A., Hao, Y., Feng, Y., Li, H., Mao, Y., Dong, Q., & Cui, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.630808 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Current Knowledge of Microglia in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Xu, L., Wang, J., Ding, Y., Wang, L., & Zhu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.796704 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Peripheral innate immune and bacterial signals relate to clinical heterogeneity in Parkinson’s disease

Wijeyekoon, R., Kronenberg‐Versteeg, D., Scott, K. M., Hayat, S., Kuan, W., Evans, J., Breen, D. P., Cummins, G. A., Jones, J., Clatworthy, M. R., et al. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.018 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Single-cell profiling of human dura and meningioma reveals cellular meningeal landscape and insights into meningioma immune response

Wang, A. Z., Bowman-Kirigin, J. A., Desai, R. R., Kang, L., Patel, P. R., Patel, B., Khan, S. M., Bender, D. E., Marlin, M. C., Liu, J., et al. (2022) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-022-01051-9 · Cited by 107 · see citing works

Border-associated macrophages in the central nervous system

Sun, R., & Jiang, H. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03059-x · Cited by 107 · see citing works

Is Alzheimer’s disease an inflammasomopathy?

Pereira, C., Santos, A. E., Moreira, P. I., Pereira, A. C., Sousa, F. J., Cardoso, S. M., & Cruz, M. T. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100966 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Resolution of neuroinflammation: mechanisms and potential therapeutic option

Dokalis, N., & Prinz, M. (2019) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00764-1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Microglia Diversity in Healthy and Diseased Brain: Insights from Single-Cell Omics

Ochocka, N., & Kaminska, B. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22063027 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Clearance of two organic nanoparticles from the brain via the paravascular pathway

Gu, X. Q., Song, Q., Zhang, Q., Huang, M., Zheng, M., Chen, J., Wei, D., Chen, J., Wei, X., Chen, H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.009 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Origin and Differentiation of Nerve-Associated Macrophages

Kolter, J., Kierdorf, K., & Henneke, P. (2020) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1901077 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Meningeal interleukin-17-producing T cells mediate cognitive impairment in a mouse model of salt-sensitive hypertension

Santisteban, M. M., Schaeffer, S. M., Anfray, A., Faraco, G., Brea, D., Wang, G., Sobanko, M., Sciortino, R. K., Racchumi, G., Waisman, A., et al. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01497-z · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Chronic Peripheral Inflammation Causes a Region-Specific Myeloid Response in the Central Nervous System

Süß, P., Hoffmann, A., Rothe, T., Ouyang, Z., Baum, W., Staszewski, O., Schett, G. A., Prinz, M., Krönke, G., Glass, C. K., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.109 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Macrophages: Subtypes, Distribution, Polarization, Immunomodulatory Functions, and Therapeutics

Peng, M., Li, N., Wang, H., Li, Y., Liu, H., Luo, Y., Lang, B., Zhang, W., Li, S., Tian, L., et al. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70304 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

CNS macrophages differentially rely on an intronic Csf1r enhancer for their development

Munro, D. A. D., Bradford, B. M., Mariani, S. A., Hampton, D. W., Vink, C. S., Chandran, S., Hume, D. A., Pridans, C., & Priller, J. (2020) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.194449 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

The Role of Microglia in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease

Streit, W. J., Khoshbouei, H., & Bechmann, I. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201248 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Origin and Heterogeneity of Tissue Myeloid Cells: A Focus on GMP-Derived Monocytes and Neutrophils

Ng, L. G., Liu, Z., Kwok, I., & Ginhoux, F. (2023) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-081022-113627 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Microglia-Mediated Regulation of Neuropathic Pain: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

Tsuda, M. (2019) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b19-00715 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Glioblastoma genetic drivers dictate the function of tumor-associated macrophages/microglia and responses to CSF1R inhibition

Rao, R., Han, R., Ogurek, S., Xue, C., Wu, L. M. N., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., HU, J. L., Phoenix, T. N., Waggoner, S. N., et al. (2021) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/noab228 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Multispectral fluorine-19 MRI enables longitudinal and noninvasive monitoring of tumor-associated macrophages

Croci, D., Méndez, R. S., Temme, S., Soukup, K., Fournier, N., Zomer, A., Colotti, R., Wischnewski, V., Flögel, U., van Heeswijk, R. B., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abo2952 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

A Cre-deleter specific for embryo-derived brain macrophages reveals distinct features of microglia and border macrophages

Brioschi, S., Belk, J. A., Peng, V., Molgora, M., Rodrigues, P. F., Nguyen, K. M., Wang, S., Du, S., Wang, W.-L., Grajales‐Reyes, G. E., et al. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.028 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Common Peripheral Immunity Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease

Rossi, B., Santos-Lima, B., Terrabuio, E., Zenaro, E., & Constantin, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.639369 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

CNS border-associated macrophages in the homeostatic and ischaemic brain

Gerganova, G., Riddell, A., & Miller, A. A. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108220 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

How microbiota shape microglial phenotypes and epigenetics

Erny, D., & Prinz, M. (2020) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23822 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

A novel Tmem119-tdTomato reporter mouse model for studying microglia in the central nervous system

Ruan, C., Sun, L., Kroshilina, A., Beckers, L., Jager, P. L. D., Bradshaw, E. M., Hasson, S. A., Yang, G., & Elyaman, W. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.009 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Microglia promote remyelination independent of their role in clearing myelin debris

Baaklini, C. S., Ho, M. F. S., Lange, T., Hammond, B. P., Panda, S. P., Zirngibl, M., Zia, S., Himmelsbach, K., Rana, H., Phillips, B., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113574 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Distinct Features of Brain-Resident Macrophages: Microglia and Non-Parenchymal Brain Macrophages

Lee, E., Eo, J.-C., Lee, C., & Yu, J. (2021) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.14348/molcells.2021.0060 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Temporal single-cell atlas of non-neuronal retinal cells reveals dynamic, coordinated multicellular responses to central nervous system injury

Benhar, I., Ding, J., Yan, W., Whitney, I. E., Jacobi, A., Sud, M., Burgin, G., Shekhar, K., Tran, N. M., Wang, C., et al. (2023) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-023-01437-w · Cited by 70 · see citing works

VE-cadherin in arachnoid and pia mater cells serves as a suitable landmark for in vivo imaging of CNS immune surveillance and inflammation

Mapunda, J. A., Pareja, J. R., Vladymyrov, M., Bouillet, E., Hélie, P., Pleskač, P., Barcos, S., Andræ, J., Vestweber, D., McDonald, D. M., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41580-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Microglia Diversity in Health and Multiple Sclerosis

Zia, S., Rawji, K. S., Michaels, N. J., Burr, M. K., Kerr, B. J., Healy, L. M., & Plemel, J. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.588021 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Cholinergic Modulation of the Immune System in Neuroinflammatory Diseases

Reale, M., & Costantini, E. (2021) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases9020029 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

The molecular anatomy and functions of the choroid plexus in healthy and diseased brain

Kratzer, I., Ek, C. J., & Stolp, H. B. (2020) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183430 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Brain Parenchymal and Extraparenchymal Macrophages in Development, Homeostasis, and Disease

Brioschi, S., Zhou, Y., & Colonna, M. (2020) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1900821 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Dissecting the complexities of Alzheimer disease with in vitro models of the human brain

Blanchard, J., Victor, M. B., & Tsai, L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-021-00578-6 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

The Role of Osteopontin in Microglia Biology: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives

Rosmus, D.-D., Lange, C., Ludwig, F., Ajami, B., & Wieghofer, P. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10040840 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Role of perivascular and meningeal macrophages in outcome following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Wan, H., Brathwaite, S., Ai, J., Hynynen, K., & Macdonald, R. L. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x20980296 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Understanding the brain uptake and permeability of small molecules through the BBB: A technical overview

Chowdhury, E. A., Noorani, B., Alqahtani, F., Bhalerao, A., Raut, S., Sivandzade, F., & Cucullo, L. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x20985946 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Monocyte-derived cells invade brain parenchyma and amyloid plaques in human Alzheimer’s disease hippocampus

Muñoz-Castro, C., Mejias-Ortega, M., Sanchez-Mejias, E., Navarro, V., Trujillo-Estrada, L., Jimenez, S., Garcia-Leon, J. A., Fernandez-Valenzuela, J. J., Sanchez-Mico, M. V., Romero-Molina, C., et al. (2023) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01530-z · Cited by 66 · see citing works

The CNS mononuclear phagocyte system in health and disease

Mundt, S., Greter, M., & Becher, B. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

The Ins and Outs of Central Nervous System Inflammation—Lessons Learned from Multiple Sclerosis

Ramaglia, V., Rojas, O. L., Naouar, I., & Gommerman, J. L. (2021) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-124155 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Tackling the glial scar in spinal cord regeneration: new discoveries and future directions

Shafqat, A., Albalkhi, I., Magableh, H. M., Saleh, T., AlKattan, K. M., & Yaqinuddin, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1180825 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

CD300a blockade enhances efferocytosis by infiltrating myeloid cells and ameliorates neuronal deficit after ischemic stroke

Nakahashi-Oda, C., Fujiyama, S., Nakazawa, Y., Kanemaru, K., Wang, Y., Lyu, W., Shichita, T., Kitaura, J., Abe, F., & Shibuya, A. (2021) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abe7915 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

A cross-disease resource of living human microglia identifies disease-enriched subsets and tool compounds recapitulating microglial states

Tuddenham, J. F., Taga, M. F., Haage, V. C., Marshe, V. S., Roostaei, T., White, C. C., Lee, A., Fujita, M., Khairallah, A., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01764-7 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

The Expanding Cell Diversity of the Brain Vasculature

Ross, J. M., Kim, C. N., Allen, D. E., Crouch, E. E., Narsinh, K. H., Cooke, D. L., Abla, A. A., Nowakowski, T. J., & Winkler, E. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.600767 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

The impact of stress on immune systems and its relevance to mental illness

Ishikawa, Y., & Furuyashiki, T. (2021) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2021.09.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Visceral adiposity, inflammation, and hippocampal function in obesity

Stranahan, A. M. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108920 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

The niche matters: Origin, function and fate of CNS-associated macrophages during health and disease

Dalmau Gasull, A., Glavan, M., Samawar, S. K. R., Kapupara, K., Kelk, J., Rubio, M., Fumagalli, S., Sorokin, L., Vivien, D., & Prinz, M. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-023-02676-9 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Macrophage compartmentalization in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid system

Munro, D. A. D., Movahedi, K., & Priller, J. (2022) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abk0391 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Microglial Priming in Infections and Its Risk to Neurodegenerative Diseases

Lima, M. N., Barbosa‐Silva, M. C., & Maron‐Gutierrez, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.878987 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Understanding microglial diversity and implications for neuronal function in health and disease

Schepper, S. D., Crowley, G., & Hong, S. Y. (2020) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22777 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Redefining our vision: an updated guide to the ocular immune system

Wu, M., Fletcher, E. L., Chinnery, H. R., Downie, L. E., & Mueller, S. N. (2024) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01064-y · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Temporal dynamics of microglia-astrocyte interaction in neuroprotective glial scar formation after intracerebral hemorrhage

Zheng, J., Wu, H., Wang, X., Zhang, G., Lü, J., Xu, W., Xu, S., Fang, Y., Zhang, A., Shao, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2023.02.007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Dwellers and Trespassers: Mononuclear Phagocytes at the Borders of the Central Nervous System

Ivan, D. C., Walthert, S., Berve, K., Steudler, J., & Locatelli, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.609921 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Choroid plexus mast cells drive tumor-associated hydrocephalus

Li, Y., Di, C., Song, S., Zhang, Y., Lu, Y., Liao, J., Lei, B., Zhong, J., Guo, K., Zhang, N., et al. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease: A systems pharmacology perspective

Bloomingdale, P., Karelina, T., Ramakrishnan, V., Bakshi, S., Véronneau‐Veilleux, F., Moye, M., Sekiguchi, K., Meno‐Tetang, G. M. L., Mohan, A., Maithreye, R., et al. (2022) · CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/psp4.12852 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

The movement of sulfate and thiosulfate into in vivo choroid plexus

Pollay, M., & Kaplan, R. J. (1971) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.480020304 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

ENZYMES OF THE γ‐GLUTAMYL CYCLE IN THE CHOROID PLEXUS AND BRAIN

Okonkwo, P., Orłowski, M., & Green, J. P. (1974) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04336.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Alteration of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Binding Sites in Rat Choroid Plexus with Experimental Hydrocephalus

Tsutsumi, K., Niwa, M., Kurihara, M., et al. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-11155-0_20

Contributions of Microglia in the Healthy and Injured Brain

Rice, R. A. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)

Choroid plexus, brain and kidney Na+, K+-ATPase: Comparative activities in fetal, newborn and young adult rabbits

Mitchell, W., Kim, C. S., O’Tuama, L. A., et al. (1982) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(82)90050-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works