Chemokines and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of proteins associated with the trafficking of leukocytes in physiological immune surveillance and inflammatory cell recruitment in host defence. They are classified into four classes based on the positions of key cystiene residues: C, CC, CXC, and CX3C. Chemokines act through both specific and shared receptors that all belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Besides their well-established role in the immune system, several recent reports have demonstrated that these proteins also play a role in the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, chemokines are constitutively expressed by microglial cells, astrocytes, and neurons, and their expression can be increased after induction with inflammatory mediators. Constitutive expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors has been observed in both developing and adult brains, and the role played by these proteins in the normal brain is the object of intense study by many research groups. Chemokines are involved in brain development and in the maintenance of normal brain homeostasis; these proteins play a role in the migration, differentiation, and proliferation of glial and neuronal cells. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 and its receptor, CXCR4, are essential for life during development, and this ligand-receptor pair has been shown to have a fundamental role in neuron migration during cerebellar formation. Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression can be increased by inflamma…
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CX3CL1 is found in high concentrations in both normal and diseased CNS.
“Notably, CX3CL1 is found in high concentrations in both normal and diseased CNS, 55”
From CX3CR1 Deficiency Alters Microglial Activation and Reduces Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Two Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models (2010) · cites this paper as [55]
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- Authors
- Bajetto, A., Bonavia, R., Barbero, S., Florio, T., & Schettini, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Genoa (IT)
- ORCID
- Florio, Tullio
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 147-184
- ISSN
- 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2028762442
- Cited by
- 416
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 7.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- chemokines, chemokine receptors, central nervous system, G protein-coupled receptors, neuroinflammation, leukocyte migration, CXCL12, CXCR4, neuronal migration, cerebellar development, brain development, fever regulation, appetite regulation, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Diseases, Humans, Neurosecretory Systems, Chemokines, Receptors, Chemokine
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