Cited by 1,466Plant-Microbe Interactions and ImmunityPolyamine Metabolism and ApplicationsPostharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management

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A Model For the Lowering of Plant Ethylene Concentrations by Plant Growth-promoting Bacteria

Glick, Bernard R., Penrose, Donna M., Li, Jiping·1998·Journal of Theoretical Biology

DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0532

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Abstract

It was previously shown that a number of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria contain an enzyme, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, that catalyses the cleavage of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the immediate precursor of ethylene in plants. Moreover, experimental evidence indicated that the activity of this enzyme was the key factor in the ability of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to stimulate the elongation of plant roots. In the model presented in this manuscript we address the question of how the bacterial enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, with a low affinity for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, can effectively compete with the plant enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, which has a high affinity for the same substrate, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, with the result that the plant's endogenous ethylene concentration is reduced. It is argued that the simplest explanation for the observed biological activity of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria relates to the relative amounts of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in the system under consideration. For plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to be able to lower plant ethylene levels, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase level should be at least 100- to 1000-fold greater then the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase level. This is likely to be the case, provided that the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase has not been induced.Copyright 1998 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1998 Academic Press Limited

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Genomic Insights Into Plant-Growth-Promoting Potentialities of the Genus Frankia
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Fluorescent Pseudomonas Strains with only Few Plant-Beneficial Properties Are Favored in the Maize Rhizosphere
Vacheron, J., Moënne‐Loccoz, Y., Dubost, A., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01212 · Cited by 65
“It was also the case for acdS and indole-3-acetic acid, in line with the observation that auxins stimulate ACC synthase activity in roots (Glick et al., 1998).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Algerian Sahara PGPR confers maize root tolerance to salt and aluminum toxicity via ACC deaminase and IAA
Zerrouk, I. Z., Rahmoune, B., Khelifi, L., Mounir, K., Baluška, F., & Ludwig‐Müller, J. (2019) · Acta Physiologiae Plantarum · doi:10.1007/s11738-019-2881-2 · Cited by 66
Differentiation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase from its homologs is the key for identifying bacteria containing ACC deaminase
Li, Z., Chang, S., Ye, S., et al. (2015) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiv112 · Cited by 64
Bacterial endophytome-mediated resistance in banana for the management of Fusarium wilt
Nakkeeran, S., Rajamanickam, S., Saravanan, R., et al. (2021) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-021-02833-5 · Cited by 64
“The enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate deaminase from PGPR catalyses the breakage of ethylene precursor in plants and results in biotic/abiotic stress tolerance (Glick et al. 1998; Saravanakumar and Samiyappan 2007).”
Background
Root Exudates: Composition and Impact on Plant–Microbe Interaction
Hayat, S., Faraz, A., & Faizan, M. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119246329.ch10 · Cited by 64
Diversity, Plant Growth Promoting Attributes, and Agricultural Applications of Rhizospheric Microbes
Subrahmanyam, G., Kumar, A., Sandilya, S. P., et al. (2020) · Sustainable development and biodiversity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38453-1_1 · Cited by 63
Harnessing the Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome of Organically Amended Soil for Plant Productivity
Ayangbenro, A. S., Chukwuneme, C. F., Ayilara, M. S., Kutu, F. R., Khantsi, M., Adeleke, B. S., Glick, B. R., & Babalola, O. O. (2022) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy12123179 · Cited by 63
Self-citation
The effect of native and ACC deaminase-containing Azospirillum brasilense Cd1843 on the rooting of carnation cuttings
Li, Q., Saleh-Lakha, S., & Glick, B. R. (2005) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/w05-027 · Cited by 63
“It was previously postulated that the major mechanisms that bacteria use to promote plant growth include providing IAA (Patten and Glick 2002) and lowering plant ethylene levels through the action of the enzyme ACC deaminase (Glick et al. 1998; van Loon and Glick 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Effectiveness of Organic-/Bio-Fertilizer Supplemented with Chemical Fertilizers for Improving Soil Water Retention, Aggregate Stability, Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Maize(Zea maysL.)
Ahmad, R., Arshad, M., Khalid, A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Sustainable Agriculture · doi:10.1300/j064v31n04_05 · Cited by 63
“Beneficial rhizobacteria, often referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria or PGPR (Kloepper et al., 1989), affect plant growth either directly or indirectly through various mechanisms of action (Glick et al., 1998; Mantelin and Touraine, 2004; Khalid et al., 2004, 2006).”
Background
The cloned 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase gene from Sinorhizobium sp. strain BL3 in Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 promotes nodulation and growth of Leucaena leucocephala
Tittabutr, P., Awaya, J. D., Li, Q. X., et al. (2008) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2008.03.001 · Cited by 63
The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on asparagus seedlings and germinating seeds subjected to water stress under greenhouse conditions
Liddycoat, S. M., Greenberg, B. M., & Wolyn, D. J. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/w08-144 · Cited by 63
Heavy metal tolerant Pseudomonas protegens isolates from agricultural well water in northeastern Algeria with plant growth promoting, insecticidal and antifungal activities
Bensidhoum, L., Nabti, E.-H., Nassira, T., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Soil Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.04.006 · Cited by 63
The Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota of Hyperaccumulator Plants
Thijs, S., Langill, T., & Vangronsveld, J. (2017) · Advances in botanical research · doi:10.1016/bs.abr.2016.12.003 · Cited by 63
PGPR-Arabidopsis interactions is a useful system to study signaling pathways involved in plant developmental control
Desbrosses, G., Contesto, C., Varoquaux, F., Galland, M., & Touraine, B. (2009) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.4161/psb.4.4.8106 · Cited by 63
Effects of ACC deaminase containing rhizobacteria on plant growth and expression of Toc GTPases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under salt stress
Yan, J.-M., Smith, M. D., Glick, B. R., & Liang, Y. (2014) · Botany · doi:10.1139/cjb-2014-0038 · Cited by 62
“The suggested role of ACC deaminase is to ensure that the concentration of ethylene does not become elevated to the point that growth (especially of roots) is retarded (Glick 1995; Glick et al. 1998).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Studies on the factors modulating indole-3-acetic acid production in endophytic bacterial isolates fromPiper nigrumand molecular analysis ofipdcgene
Jasim, B., John, C. J., Shimil, V., Jyothis, M., & Radhakrishnan, E. K. (2014) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.12569 · Cited by 62
“Endophytic bacteria influence plant growth either directly through the production of phytohormones, N2 fixation, synthesis of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase, phosphate solubilization, or indirectly through the production of antimicrobial metabolites or siderophores to inhibit pathogenic microorganis…”
Background
Microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of Sophora viciifolia grown at a lead and zinc mine of northwest China
Xu, Z., Tang, M., Chen, H., et al. (2012) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.029 · Cited by 62
Microbial Consortium with Multifunctional Plant Growth-Promoting Attributes: Future Perspective in Agriculture
Mondal, S., Halder, S. K., Yadav, A. N., & Mondal, K. C. (2020) · Microorganisms for sustainability · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3204-7_10 · Cited by 75
Identification of DNA sequences that regulate the expression of theEnterobacter cloacaeUW4 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase gene
Grichko, V. P., & Glick, B. R. (2000) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/w00-113 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Sequence Analysis of the 144-Kilobase Accessory Plasmid pSmeSM11a, Isolated from a DominantSinorhizobium melilotiStrain Identified during a Long-Term Field Release Experiment
Stiens, M., Schneiker, S., Keller, M., et al. (2006) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.72.5.3662-3672.2006 · Cited by 62
“Rhizobacteria possessing ACC deaminase activity are capable of stimulating plant growth and can be considered plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (27, 28, 51).”
Background
Integrated use of Rhizobium leguminosarum, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Enriched Compost for Improving Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)
Iqbal, M. A., Khalid, M., Shahzad, S. M., et al. (2012) · Chilean journal of agricultural research · doi:10.4067/s0718-58392012000100017 · Cited by 61
“This premise is strongly supported by the work reported by several researchers (Glick et al., 1998; Mayak et al., 2004; Reid et al., 2011b).”
Result
Nickel Solubilizing Capacity and Characterization of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Hyperaccumulating and Non-Hyperaccumulating Subspecies of Alyssum Serpyllifolium
Becerra-Castro, C., Prieto-Fernández, Á., Álvarez‐López, V., Monterroso, C., Cabello-Conejo, M. I., Acea, M. J., & Kidd, P. (2011) · International Journal of Phytoremediation · doi:10.1080/15226514.2011.568545 · Cited by 62
“A prominent mechanism used by many PGPR to facilitate plant growth is through the production of plant growth regulators and hormones (such as indoleacetic acid (IAA) cytokinins, gibberellins) or suppression of stress ethylene production through synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) (Glick…”
Background
The Effect of Long-Term Cd and Ni Exposure on Seed Endophytes ofAgrostis capillarisand Their Potential Application in Phytoremediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils
Truyens, S., Jambon, I., Croes, S., Janssen, J., Weyens, N., Mench, M. J., Carleer, R., Cuypers, A., & Vangronsveld, J. (2013) · International Journal of Phytoremediation · doi:10.1080/15226514.2013.837027 · Cited by 61
“By consequence, seed endophytes with ACC deaminase activity can allow the plant to establish itself better during the early stages of growth (Glick et al. 1998).”
Background
BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA ON MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA AND ITS EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH IN BHENDI
Vetrivelkalai, P., Sivakumar, M., & Jonathan, E. I. (2010) · Journal of Biopesticides · doi:10.57182/jbiopestic.3.2.452-457 · Cited by 61
“…subtillin E and â lactamase from Bacillus spp. Methylobacterium spp. produced indole acetic acid able to utilize ACC deaminase as sole carbon source, which r egulates ethylene production by metabolizing ACC into Ü ketobutyrate and ammonia (Glick et al., 1998) and this ammonia is toxic to nematodes.”
Background
Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis Under Salt Stress in Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (ACC) Deaminase-producing Halotolerant Bacteria
Siddikee, M. A., Chauhan, P. S., & Sa, T. (2011) · Journal of Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s00344-011-9236-6 · Cited by 60
Endophytic bacteria of the rock-dwelling cactus Mammillaria fraileana affect plant growth and mobilization of elements from rocks
López, B. R., Tinoco‐Ojanguren, C., Bacilio, M., et al. (2012) · Environmental and Experimental Botany · doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.02.014 · Cited by 60
“On the other hand, the PGPB, P. putida, has the capacity to synthesize siderophores and thereby provide iron for the plant (Caron et al., 1995), can lower growth-inhibiting levels of ethylene in plant tissues (Glick et al., 1998), and can secrete indole-3-acetic acid (Patten and Glick, 2002).”
Induced drought tolerance through wild and mutant bacterial strain Pseudomonas simiae in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Kumari, S., Vaishnav, A., Jain, S., Varma, A. K., & Choudhary, D. K. (2015) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-015-1974-3 · Cited by 60
“Some PGPRs are capable of lowering ethylene levels through the enzyme ACC-D that allows better growth and nodulation in legumes (Glick et al. 1998).”
Background
Inoculation of soil by Bacillus subtilis Y-IVI improves plant growth and colonization of the rhizosphere and interior tissues of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Zhao, Q., Shen, Q., Ran, W., et al. (2011) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-011-0558-0 · Cited by 60
“They function on the basis of a variety of mechanisms, such as improving the availability of plant nutrients in soil (Glick 1995), balancing the production of plant growth-promoting hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberelin, and indole acetic acids (IAA) (Glick et al. 1998; Zahir et al. 2004), and produc…”
Background
Plant Growth Promotion Potential Is Equally Represented in Diverse Grapevine Root-Associated Bacterial Communities from Different Biopedoclimatic Environments
Marasco, R., Rolli, E., Fusi, M., et al. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/491091 · Cited by 59
Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains producing ACC deaminase on photosynthesis, isoprene emission, ethylene formation and growth of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. in response to water deficit
Brunetti, C., Saleem, A. R., Rocca, G. D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.03.008 · Cited by 59
Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Eco-Friendly Agricultural Approach to Crop Improvement
Sahoo, R. K., Bhardwaj, D., & Tuteja, N. K. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5001-6_15 · Cited by 59

Authors: Glick, B. R., Penrose, D. M., & Li, J.
Affiliations: University of Waterloo (CA)
Corresponding author: Glick, Bernard R.
ORCID: Glick, Bernard R.
Li, Jiping
Venue: Journal of Theoretical Biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1998-01
Volume: 190
Issue: 1
Pages: 63-68
ISSN: 0022-5193 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0532
OpenAlex: W1999970316
Cited by: 1,466
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 91 · 2012: 66
FWCI: 11.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Theoretical Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
Keywords: plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, ethylene production, ACC deaminase, ACC oxidase, enzyme kinetics, enzyme competition, root elongation, enzyme expression

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A Model For the Lowering of Plant Ethylene Concentrations by Plant Growth-promoting Bacteria

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