The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 103 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
Abstract
The basal ganglia have been shown to contribute to habit and stimulus-response (S-R) learning. These forms of learning have the property of slow acquisition and, in humans, can occur without conscious awareness. This paper proposes that one aspect of basal ganglia-based learning is the recoding of cortically derived information within the striatum. Modular corticostriatal projection patterns, demonstrated experimentally, are viewed as producing recoded templates suitable for the gradual selection of new input-output relations in cortico-basal ganglia loops. Recordings from striatal projection neurons and interneurons show that activity patterns in the striatum are modified gradually during the course of S-R learning. It is proposed that this recoding within the striatum can chunk the representations of motor and cognitive action sequences so that they can be implemented as performance units. This scheme generalizes Miller's notion of information chunking to action control. The formation and the efficient implementation of action chunks are viewed as being based on predictive signals. It is suggested that information chunking provides a mechanism for the acquisition and the expression of action repertoires that, without such information compression would be biologically unwieldy or difficult to implement. The learning and memory functions of the basal ganglia are thus seen as core features of the basal ganglia's influence on motor and cognitive pattern generators.
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In the citing paper
“It has been suggested that the basal ganglia are important for chunking action sequences (Graybiel, 1998).”
From The Neural Correlates of Motor Skill Automaticity (2005) · cites this paper as Graybiel, 1998
In the citing paper
“Thus, decreased activity in the basal ganglia may reflect a more effective (chunked) representation that accompanies automatization.”
From The Neural Correlates of Motor Skill Automaticity (2005) · cites this paper as Graybiel, 1998
In the citing paper
“This learning process appears to be mediated, in part, by the dorsolateral striatum (or the putamen) (Knowlton et al., 1996; White, 1997; Graybiel, 1998; Hikosaka, 1998; Yin and Knowlton, 2006).”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as Graybiel, 1998
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“The term “chunking” refers to organizing elements into a holistic Gestalt, a principle which has been widely used in areas of learning, memory and problem-solving (Chase and Simon 1973; De Groot 1978; Graybiel 1998; Gobet et al. 2001; Gobet and Lane 2012; Miller 1956).”
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“The striatum, being the input model for the basal ganglia, emits signals to dictate learning through action selection and behavior reinforcement [13,25,26].”
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“LS projections may contribute as a serial driver of sequence execution (Lashley, 1951; Zeigler and Gallistel, 1981; Graybiel, 1998; Rosenbaum et al., 2007; Jin and Costa, 2015).”
BackgroundResultSmith, J. G. (2011) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-2011-1858 · Cited by 6
“…chunking during sequence learning and execution (Peigneux et al. 2000, Destrebecqz et al. 2005), with activity in the striatum likely to be critical in building up representations of motor and cognitive action sequences to be implemented as performance units (Graybiel 1998, Tremblay et al. 2010).”
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“…in fl ex-ible motor routines, stimulus-response learning and more generally habit behaviour (Dickinson and Balleine, 1994; Dickinson et al., 1995; Balleine and Dickinson, 1998; Graybiel, 1998; Packard and Knowlton, 2002; Yin et al., 2004, 2005; Balleine and O ’ Doherty, 2010; Hilario et al., 2012).”
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“This is especially obvious in observations of a variety of ritualistic behaviors, such as many compulsive behaviors (Graybiel, 1998).”
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“Indeed, it has recently been suggested that 409 chunking plays an integral role in the formation and expression of habits (Dezfouli, 410 Lingawi, & Balleine, 2014; Graybiel, 2008) and is neurally represented in the dorsal 411 lateral striatum as action “start and stop signals” (Barnes, Kubota, Hu, Jin, & Graybiel, 412…”
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“Graybiel refers to this principle as chunking of action repertoires [4].”
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“39”
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“This principle is referred to as chunking of action repertoires in [3].”
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“…in these areas follows a “chunked” pattern: they are mainly active at certain stages of the motor routine (for example at the beginning and the end of the sequence, when a particular switch or turn is needed, etc), and this activity is reduced in the rest of the motor sequence (Graybiel, 1998).”
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Basal Ganglia and the Regulation of Movement
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A neural model of frontostriatal interactions for behavioural planning and action chunking
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“The BG, and in particular the Striatum, which constitutes the input nucleus receiving connections from the PFC, are known to be involved in the acquisition of sensory motor habits and behavioural repertoires [2].”
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Marshall, J. F. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.9976 · Cited by 3
Pisapia, N. D. (2005) · ERA · Cited by 3
Chadderdon, G. L. (2009) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · Cited by 3
The Neuroeconomics of HabitPreprint
Camerer, C., Landry, P., & Webb, R. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3752193 · Cited by 4
Unveiling the neural correlates of habit in the dorsal striatumPreprint
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Hardcastle, K., Marshall, J. D., Gellis, A., Klibaite, U., Wang, W. Y., Chalyshkan, S., & Ölveczky, B. P. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.562282 · Cited by 3
Habit learning shapes activity dynamics in the central nucleus of the amygdala
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Nordli, S. A., & Todd, P. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841972 · Cited by 2
“…consistent repetition within a stable context): over the course of many trials, individual behaviors of a sequence gradually fuse together into a singular “chunk” of behavior that becomes associated with—and triggered by—its context (e.g., Graybiel, 1998, 2005; Smith and Graybiel, 2014, 2016).”
BackgroundCorbit, V. L., Piantadosi, S. C., Wood, J. T., Madireddy, S. S., Choi, C. J. Y., Witten, I. B., Gittis, A. H., & Ahmari, S. E. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115181 · Cited by 2
“In addition, we found a significant difference between peak amplitudes across the four quartiles (p = 5 × 10 −5 , one-way ANOVA, significant post hoc comparisons between quartile 1 [0–2 s] and quartiles 3 [4–6 s] and 4 [6–8 s]).”
The Integrative Brain: Functional Units in Predictive Processing
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Prediction error correlates in the striosome-dopamine circuit emerge from information gain
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SOM-Based System for Sequence Chunking and Planning
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Asymmetric cortical projections to striatal direct and indirect pathways distinctly control actions
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“The corticostriatal circuits are critically involved in sensory, cognition, and the learning and control of actions (Aoki et al. , 2019; Graybiel, 1998; Haber, 2016; Hikosaka et al. , 1998; Jin and Costa, 2010; 2015; Kupferschmidt et al. , 2017; Stephenson-Jones et al. , 2011; Tanji, 2001; Yin and…”
Autistic traits in neurotypical adults are related to impaired perceptual–motor coordination
Kikuchi, K., & Higuchi, T. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00157-y · Cited by 2
Parallel mechanisms signal a hierarchy of sequence structure violations in the auditory cortex
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“Hence, the ability to chunk sequences ( Ericcson et al., 1980 ; Fonollosa et al., 2015 ; Graybiel, 1998 ) is an important part of predictive processing.”
Integrating neuro-psychological habit research into consumer choice models
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The Prefrontal Cortex: Categories, Concepts, and Cognitive Control
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“Graybiel and colleagues emphasized the role of the BG in the formation of habits ( Graybiel 1998 ).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Graybiel, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Graybiel, Ann M.
- ORCID
- Graybiel, Ann M.
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-07
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 119-136
- ISSN
- 1074-7427 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148201341
- Cited by
- 1,042
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 84
- FWCI
- 8.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R03 MH57878, R01 NS25529)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- basal ganglia, striatum, repertoires of action, habit learning, stimulus-response learning, corticostriatal projections, striatal projection neurons, striatal interneurons, predictive signals
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Basal Ganglia, Brain Mapping, Corpus Striatum, Habits, Humans, Learning, Memory, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Parkinson Disease, Neocortex, In Vitro Techniques
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