Cited by 1,324Motor Control and AdaptationNeurological disorders and treatmentsMemory and Neural Mechanisms

The Basal Ganglia and Adaptive Motor Control

Graybiel, Ann M., Aosaki, Toshihiko, Flaherty, Alice W., Kimura, Minoru·1994·Science

Abstract

The basal ganglia are neural structures within the motor and cognitive control circuits in the mammalian forebrain and are interconnected with the neocortex by multiple loops. Dysfunction in these parallel loops caused by damage to the striatum results in major defects in voluntary movement, exemplified in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. These parallel loops have a distributed modular architecture resembling local expert architectures of computational learning models. During sensorimotor learning, such distributed networks may be coordinated by widely spaced striatal interneurons that acquire response properties on the basis of experienced reward.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.8091209

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92 of 92 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Execution of motor behavior is controlled by top-down projections from cortical areas to the dorsal striatum, which form strong excitatory synaptic connections onto striatal output neurons.

    “The execution of motor behavior is controlled by top-down projections from cortical areas to the dorsal striatum (caudate putamen in primates), which form strong excitatory synaptic connections onto striatal output neurons [3][4][5].”

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Authors
Graybiel, A. M., Aosaki, T., Flaherty, A. W., & Kimura, M.
Affiliations
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
  • RIKEN (JP)
  • The University of Osaka (JP)
Venue
Science
Published
1994-09-23
Volume
265
Issue
5180
Pages
1826-1831
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2048941040
Cited by
1,324
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 57
FWCI
4.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Public Health Service (NEI 02866)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 25529)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
basal ganglia, adaptive motor control, striatum, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, sensorimotor learning, striatal interneurons, reward learning, distributed neural networks, voluntary movement
MeSH terms
Animals, Haplorhini, Basal Ganglia, Brain Mapping, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Humans, Interneurons, Learning, Motor Activity, Motor Cortex, Movement Disorders, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity

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