Cited by 1,877Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and InterventionsPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

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Toward a Comprehensive Model of Change

Prochaska, James O., Diclemente, Carlo C.·1986·Treating Addictive Behaviors

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4613-2191-0_1

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Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Bandura, A. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122 · Cited by 15,975
Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change.
Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.51.3.390 · Cited by 9,098
Self-citation
Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice, and commitment
(1978) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(78)90042-3 · Cited by 3,956
Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change.
Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1982) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice · doi:10.1037/h0088437 · Cited by 3,922
Self-citation
The Transtheoretical Approach: Crossing Traditional Boundaries of Therapy
Sporakowski, M. J., Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1986) · Family Relations · doi:10.2307/584540 · Cited by 1,976
Self-citation
Systems of psychotherapy a transtheoretical analysis
Prochaska, J. O., & Norcross, J. C. (2010) · Cited by 1,487
Self-citation
Stages of change in psychotherapy: Measurement and sample profiles.
McConnaughy, E. A., Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (1983) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/h0090198 · Cited by 1,202
Self-citation
Decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status.
Velicer, W. F., DiClemente, C. C., Prochaska, J. O., & Brandenburg, N. A. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.48.5.1279 · Cited by 952
Self-citation
Self-change and therapy change of smoking behavior: A comparison of processes of change in cessation and maintenance
DiClemente, C. C., & Prochaska, J. O. (1982) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(82)90038-7 · Cited by 764
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Research works printed but not linked: 7

DiClemente, C. C., & Hughes, S. (1985). Stages of change in alcoholism treatment: Measurement and profiles. Manuscript in preparation.
Goldfried, M. (1982). Converging themes in psychotherapy. New York: Springer.
McConnaughy, E., Prochaska, J. O., Velicer, W., & DiClemente, C. (1984). Replication of the stages of change in psychotherapy. Unpublished manuscript, University of Rhode Island.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (1979). Cigarette smoking as a dependence process (National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph series, DHEW, Monograph 23, 194 pg.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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Parloff, M. (1976, February). Shopping for the right therapy. Saturday Review, pp. 14–16.
Prochaska, J., Velicer, W., & DiClemente, C. (1985). Patterns of self-change in smoking cessation. Unpublished manuscript, University of Rhode Island.

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“…ic.oup.com /joc/article-abstract/56/suppl_1/S1/4102563 by Johns H opkins U niversity user on 16 M ay 2019 Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983, 1986, 1992; Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992; Prochaska, Redding, Harlow, Rossi, & Velicer, 1994), the…”
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“The Stages of Change Model (SOC), which is part of the broader transtheoretical perspective on therapy developed by Prochaska and colleagues (e.g., Prochaska & DiClemente, 1986; Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992), was developed to address client motivation and has enjoyed considerable…”
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Changing Behavior Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
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Result
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Anger Treatment for Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review
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Method
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“Bryn Mawr College According to the transtheoretical model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984, 1986, 1992), behavioral change occurs in a series of discrete stages.”
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“Tailored interventions are now being designed to inModel (TTM) guided the design of the intervention [8,9].”
Background
Collaboration and partnerships: developing the evidence base
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Establishing Guidelines for Executing and Reporting Internet Intervention Research
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Method
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Methods of helping patients with behaviour change.
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Telephone Care Management To Improve Cancer Screening among Low-Income Women
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“She next determined how ready the woman was to act on each screening (31) and worked with the woman to prioritize overdue screenings.”
Background
Strategies for Preparing Clients for Treatment
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Background
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. II. Psychotherapy alone or in combination with antidepressant medication
Parikh, S. V., Segal, Z. V., Grigoriadis, S., Ravindran, A. V., Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W., & Patten, S. B. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.042 · Cited by 183
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“These findings have been replicated, to some degree, in studies of people trying to change health-relevant behaviors including smoking ( Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983, 1986 ).”
Method
The Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ): Information regarding its psychometric properties
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A Decisional Balance Measure and the Stages of Change Model for Weight Loss
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A longitudinal evaluation of treatment engagement and recovery stages
Simpson, D. D., & Joe, G. W. (2004) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2004.03.001 · Cited by 172
Treatment structure and program services in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS).
Etheridge, R. M., Hubbard, R. L., Anderson, J., Craddock, S. G., & Flynn, P. M. (1997) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.11.4.244 · Cited by 170
Medical Care for Injection-Drug Users with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
O’Connor, P. G., Selwyn, P. A., & Schottenfeld, R. S. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199408183310707 · Cited by 166
Motivation as a Predictor of Therapeutic Engagement in Mandated Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
Hiller, M. L., Knight, K. K., Leukefeld, C. G., & Simpson, D. D. (2002) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854802029001004 · Cited by 164
“In a wellknown example—the transtheoretical model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1986; Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992)—substance users can be classified into one of several cognitive stages of change.”
Method
Diffusion of Innovations and Network Segmentation: The Part Played by People in Promoting Health
Valente, T. W., & Fosados, R. (2006) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000221018.32533.6d · Cited by 163
Development and Validation of a Stages of Change Measure for Men in Batterer Treatment
Levesque, D. A., Gelles, R. J., & Velicer, W. F. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005446025201 · Cited by 163
Psychosocial factors influencing low fruit and vegetable consumption
Laforge, R. G., Greene, G. W., & Prochaska, J. O. (1994) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01858008 · Cited by 162
Self-citation
Cognitive-behavioural therapy for substance use disorders in people with psychotic disorders: Randomised controlled trial
Baker, A., Bucci, S., Lewin, T. J., Kay-Lambkin, F., Constable, P. M., & Carr, V. J. (2006) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.188.5.439 · Cited by 159
A brief, web-based personalized feedback selective intervention for college student marijuana use: A randomized clinical trial.
Lee, C. M., Neighbors, C., Kilmer, J. R., & Larimer, M. E. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0018859 · Cited by 158
Assessment of spirituality and its relevance to addiction treatment
Galanter, M. S., Dermatis, H., Bunt, G. C., Williams, C., Trujillo, M., & Steinke, P. D. (2007) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2006.06.014 · Cited by 158
“Spirituality is not generally assessed in studies related to engagement and progress in treatment; issues such as selfefficacy and desire for help (Joe, Broome, Rowan-Szal, & Simpson, 2002), or acknowledgement of one’s problem ( Prochaska & Diclemente, 1986 ) is more often considered.”
Background
Utilizing Recovery Management Checkups to shorten the cycle of relapse, treatment reentry, and recovery.
Scott, C. K., Dennis, M. L., & Foss, M. A. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.12.005 · Cited by 168
“…Leon and colleagues, 2000; Simpson and Joe, 1993); internal motivation/resistance and external pressure (De Leon and Jainchill, 1986; Miller, 1985; Prochaska and DiClemente, 1986) and their environmental context in terms of barriers to accessing treatment, level of self-help group participation,…”
Background
Gender comparisons of drug abuse treatment outcomes and predictors
Hser, Y., Huang, D. Y. C., Teruya, C., & Anglin, M. D. (2003) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.07.005 · Cited by 156
Late adolescent risk-taking: effects of perceived benefits and perceived risks on behavioral intentions and behavioral change
Parsons, J. T., Siegel, A. W., & Cousins, J. H. (1997) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1997.0094 · Cited by 154
An empirical typology of subjects within stage of change
Velicer, W. F., Hughes, S. L., Fava, J. L., Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1995) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(94)00069-b · Cited by 156
Self-citation
Using Research for Effective Health Promotion
Oliver, S. R., & Peersman, G. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 151
Work-site cardiovascular risk reduction: a randomized trial of health risk assessment, education, counseling, and incentives.
Gomel, M. K., Oldenburg, B. F., Simpson, J. M., & Owen, N. G. (1993) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.83.9.1231 · Cited by 149
Guidelines for the Treatment of Alcohol Problems
Haber, P., & Riordan, B. C. (2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e674042010-001 · Cited by 149
Evaluation of a motivational interview for substance use within psychiatric in‐patient services
Baker, A., Lewin, T. J., Reichler, H., Clancy, R., Carr, V. J., Garrett, R., Sly, K. A., Devir, H., & Terry, M. (2002) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00178.x · Cited by 148
Take Five, a nutrition education intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intakes: impact on attitudes towards dietary change
Anderson, A. S., Cox, D. N., McKellar, S., Reynolds, J., Lean, M. E. J., & Mela, D. J. (1998) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114598001032 · Cited by 147
“…screening questionnaire on current dietary habits, willingness to change these dietary habits using questions based on the stages of change model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1986), vegetarian status and socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, area of residence, employment status, household…”
Method
Changing Behavior Using the Model of Action Phases
Keller, L., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2020) · The Handbook of Behavior Change · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.006 · Cited by 147
The Violence Risk Scale
Lewis, K., Olver, M. E., & Wong, S. C. P. (2012) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191112441242 · Cited by 146
“Using a modified version of Prochaska and DiClemente’s (1986) stages of change model, each dynamic predictor identified as a treatment target is rated pre- and posttreatment to assess the stage of change (i.”
Method
Correlates of colorectal cancer screening compliance and stage of adoption among siblings of individuals with early onset colorectal cancer.
Manne, S. L., Markowitz, A. J., Winawer, S. J., Meropol, N. J., Haller, D. G., Rakowski, W., Babb, J. S., & Jandorf, L. H. (2002) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.21.1.3 · Cited by 146
Engaging Substance Abusers After Centralized Assessment: Predictors of Treatment Entry and Dropout
Claus, R. E., & Kindleberger, L. R. (2002) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2002.10399933 · Cited by 143

Authors: Prochaska, J. O., & Diclemente, C. C.
Affiliations: University of Rhode Island (US)
ORCID: Prochaska, James O.
Diclemente, Carlo C.
Venue: Treating Addictive Behaviors
Publisher: Springer US
Published: 1986
Pages: 3-27
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2191-0_1
OpenAlex: W1851000376
Cited by: 1,877
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 52
FWCI: 19.69
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: addictive behavior, psychotherapy integration, addiction treatment, therapeutic change process

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