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What Should Be Done with Equity Theory?
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“For instance, procedural fairness perceptions are measured considering perceptions of procedural voice, outcome control, consistency of procedures across participants, suppression of bias, accuracy of factors, correctability of outcomes, and ethicality of the process [62,89].”
From Disentangling Fairness Perceptions in Algorithmic Decision-Making: the Effects of Explanations, Human Oversight, and Contestability (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“This is somewhat unsurprising considering that correctability directly refers to the requirement of having an appeal process in place [62].”
From Disentangling Fairness Perceptions in Algorithmic Decision-Making: the Effects of Explanations, Human Oversight, and Contestability (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
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Organizational justice and extrarole customer service: The mediating role of well-being at work
Moliner, C., Martínez‐Tur, V., Ramos, J., Silla, J. M. P., & Cropanzano, R. (2008) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/13594320701743616 · Cited by 190
“Over time, scholars began to focus on procedural justice, or the fairness of formal processes (Leventhal, 1980; Thibaut & Walker, 1975).”
BackgroundSu, L., Hsu, M. K., & Swanson, S. R. (2014) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348014525630 · Cited by 188
“Specifically, perceived service fairness was measured by four items; two items from Leventhal (1980) and one item each from Bies and Moag (1986) and Shapiro, Buttner, and Barry (1994).”
MethodEddy, E. R., Stone, D. L., & Stone‐Romero, E. F. (1999) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00164.x · Cited by 176
O’Fallon, M. J., & Butterfield, K. D. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1111-7 · Cited by 185
The social context of performance appraisal and appraisal reactions: A meta‐analysis
Pichler, S. M. (2012) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21499 · Cited by 197
The impact of transformational leadership on employees’ creativity
Suifan, T. S., Abdallah, A. B., & Janini, M. A. (2017) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/mrr-02-2017-0032 · Cited by 194
Negative Reviews, Positive Impact: Consumer Empathetic Responding to Unfair Word of Mouth
Allard, T., Dunn, L., & White, K. (2020) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/0022242920924389 · Cited by 177
“…social comparisons in price fairness (Cox 2001; Ho and Su 2009; Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler 1986, 1990) and fair treatment in service recovery (e.g., Bies and Shapiro 1988; Clemmer 1993; Folger 1977; Leventhal 1980; Lind and Tyler 1988; Sparks and McColl-Kennedy 2001; Thibaut and Walker 1975).”
Backgroundvan den Bos, K. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.1999.1393 · Cited by 173
“Now that important differences within no-voice procedures have been identified, future researchers may want to focus on other types of procedures (see Leventhal, 1980, for a list of procedures).”
BackgroundOrganizational Justice and Employee Work Attitudes: The Federal Case
Choi, S. (2010) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/0275074010373275 · Cited by 179
“When individuals perceive procedures as consistent, accurate, and unbiased, the procedures are considered fair (Leventhal, 1980).”
BackgroundInfluentialBreevaart, K., & Zacher, H. (2019) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12253 · Cited by 230
“When leaders use both transformational and laissez-faire leadership behaviours within a short time period (i.e., a week), their behaviour is inconsistent (Leventhal, 1980).”
Ployhart, R. E., & Ryan, A. M. (1997) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1997.2742 · Cited by 175
When Organizations Break Their Promises: Employee Reactions to Unfair Processes and Treatment
Kickul, J. R. (2001) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1023/a:1010734616208 · Cited by 168
Gupta, A., Briscoe, F. S., & Hambrick, D. C. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2016.1155 · Cited by 171
Zweig, D., & Webster, J. (2002) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.157 · Cited by 176
Farid, T., Iqbal, S., Ma, J., Castro‐González, S., Khattak, A. N., & Khan, M. K. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16101731 · Cited by 205
Colquitt, J. A., Long, D. M., Rodell, J. B., & Halvorsen‐Ganepola, M. D. K. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038131 · Cited by 190
“Distributive justice represents the degree to which decision outcomes follow the equity rule (Adams, 1965; Leventhal, 1976), whereas procedural justice reflects the degree to which decision-making processes follow rules such as consistency, accuracy, bias suppression, and voice (Leventhal, 1980; Thibaut & Walker, 1975…”
BackgroundDiversity, Trust, and Social Learning in Collaborative Governance
Siddiki, S., Kim, J., & Leach, W. D. (2017) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12800 · Cited by 170
“Processes are deemed fair when they are consistent across parties, neutral and unbiased, based on accurate information, based on ethical standards, representative of relevant stakeholders, and allow for correction of decisions (Leventhal 1980 ).”
BackgroundSelection fairness information and applicant reactions: A longitudinal field study.
Truxillo, D. M., Bauer, T. N., Campion, M. A., & Paronto, M. E. (2002) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1020 · Cited by 176
“First, organizational justice theory and research suggest that providing information improves fairness perceptions (e.g., Bies & Shapiro, 1988; Leventhal, 1980), and Gilliland (1993) noted that explanations should have a positive impact on the perceived fairness of selection procedures.”
BackgroundPerceptions of Systemic Justice: The Effects of Distributive, Procedural, and Interactional Justice
Beugré, C. D., & Baron, R. A. (2001) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00199.x · Cited by 182
Procedural Justice, Anger, and Prisoners’ Misconduct
Beijersbergen, K. A., Dirkzwager, A., Eichelsheim, V. I., van der Laan, P. H., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2014) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854814550710 · Cited by 175
“Procedural justice theory (Leventhal, 1980; Lind & Tyler, 1988; Thibaut & walker, 1975; Tyler, 1990) proposes that people will be more likely to cooperate and comply with authori-ties’ rules and decisions when authorities treat them in a procedurally just manner.”
Tremblay, M., Sire, B., & Balkin, D. B. (2000) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601100253004 · Cited by 165
“Some authors have shown that providing control over the process and decision making by giving employees the opportunity to choose a desired compensation form, to participate in the design of a compensation system, to voice the results of compensation decisions, or to receive accurate information can produce a strong s…”
BackgroundLim, B. T., & Loosemore, M. (2016) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.10.016 · Cited by 175
The impact of using algorithms for managerial decisions on public employees' procedural justice
Nagtegaal, R. (2021) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2020.101536 · Cited by 166
Knudsen, H. K., Ducharme, L. J., & Roman, P. M. (2008) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2008.02.003 · Cited by 163
“A related, but distinct, dimension of organizational justice is procedural justice, which focuses on the fairness of decision-making processes within organizations (Leventhal, 1980).”
Insufficient Bureaucracy: Trust and Commitment in Particularistic Organizations
Pearce, J. L., Branyiczki, I., & Bigley, G. A. (2000) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.11.2.148.12508 · Cited by 161
Procedural Justice and Culture
Lind, E. A., & Earley, P. C. (1992) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207599208246877 · Cited by 162
Perceived fairness, decision control, and commitment in international joint venture management teams
Johnson, J. P., Korsgaard, M. A., & Sapienza, H. J. (2002) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.277 · Cited by 159
Hollensbe, E. C., Khazanchi, S., & Masterson, S. S. (2008) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2008.35732600 · Cited by 163
Performance Appraisal Procedural Justice: The Role of a Manager’s Implicit Person Theory
Heslin, P. A., & Vandewalle, D. (2009) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206309342895 · Cited by 169
“Leventhal (1980) proposed that fair procedures also include, for instance, bias suppression rather than decisions based on preconceptions; accuracy in terms of reflecting all available, relevant information; and correctability in light of employee input.”
BackgroundInfluentialWilliams, C. C., & Horodnic, I. A. (2015) · European Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1177/0143831x14568835 · Cited by 159
“First, procedural justice must be improved, which here refers to the tax authority treating employers and employees in a respectful, impartial and responsible manner and thus shifting away from a ‘cops and robbers’ approach and towards a serviceorientation (Leventhal, 1980; Murphy, 2005).”
BackgroundRoberson, Q. M., & Stevens, C. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.379 · Cited by 160
Counselor emotional exhaustion and turnover intention in therapeutic communities
Knudsen, H. K., Ducharme, L. J., & Roman, P. M. (2006) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2006.04.003 · Cited by 164
“Procedural justice describes the extent to which the processes through which organizational decisions are made are perceived to be fair (Leventhal, 1980).”
BackgroundRupp, D. E., Shapiro, D. L., Folger, R. G., Skarlicki, D. P., & Shao, R. (2017) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2014.0051 · Cited by 186
THE ‘LEARNING BUREAUCRACY’: NEW UNITED MOTOR MANUFACTURING, INC
Adler, P. S. (2005) · Cited by 156
Resistance, justice, and commitment to change
Foster, R. D. (2010) · Human Resource Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/hrdq.20035 · Cited by 155
Is it pay levels or pay raises that matter to fairness and turnover?
Tekleab, A. G., Bartol, K. M., & Liu, W. (2005) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.352 · Cited by 167
Understanding Students' Classroom Justice Experiences and Responses
Horan, S. M., Chory, R. M., & Goodboy, A. K. (2010) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634523.2010.487282 · Cited by 167
“The unfair instructor behaviors students reported in this study also support the choice of instructor-related variables, such as instructor grading procedures (Leventhal, 1980; Tata, 1999), credibility, and power, that have been included in prior classroom justice research.”
ResultAn empirical analysis of the antecedents of web-based learning continuance
Chiu, C., Sun, S., Sun, P., & Ju, T. (2006) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.01.010 · Cited by 168
“Leventhal (1980) suggested six procedural fairness rules, including consistency, bias suppression, accuracy, correctability (an appeal mechanism to appeal decisions), representativeness, and ethicality.”
BackgroundPaterson, J. M., & Cary, J. (2002) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1015146225215 · Cited by 152
Just laid off, but still a ?good citizen?? only if the process is fair
Bies, R. J., Martin, C. L., & Brockner, J. (1993) · Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal · doi:10.1007/bf01419446 · Cited by 148
“More specifically, people link judgments of procedural justice to their assessments of whether procedures are enacted properly ( Leventhal, 1980 ) and the quality of the interpersonal treatment they receive from authorities (Bies & Moag, 1986).”
BackgroundYu, A., Matta, F. K., & Cornfield, B. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2016.1212 · Cited by 163
Advancing procedural justice in conservation
Ruano‐Chamorro, C., Gurney, G. G., & Cinner, J. E. (2021) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12861 · Cited by 180
Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal: An Integrated Framework
Iqbal, M. Z., Akbar, S., & Budhwar, P. (2015) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.12050 · Cited by 130
“Later, structural aspects of procedures were also included in its perimeter, e.g., giving weight-age to stakeholders’ voices and letting them contribute to decision-making, demonstrating accuracy, and practising ethics (Leventhal 1980; Leventhal et al. 1980; Greenberg 1986; Holbrook 1999).”
Procedural and distributive justice effects moderated by organizational identification
David De Cremer, A. (2005) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/02683940510571603 · Cited by 148
“The scale focuses on Leventhal’s six procedural justice rules: consistency, representativeness, bias suppression, accuracy, correctability, and ethicality Organizational identification 7 (Leventhal, 1980).”
BackgroundOrganizational Fairness and Diversity Management in Public Organizations
Choi, S., & Rainey, H. (2014) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x13486489 · Cited by 144
“Originally, the concept of procedural justice was introduced in legal procedures (Colquitt, 2001), but was extended into nonlegal contexts such as organizational settings (Colquitt, 2001; Leventhal, 1980).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSuccession in family business: multi-source perspectives
Bozer, G., Levin, L., & Santora, J. C. (2017) · Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development · doi:10.1108/jsbed-10-2016-0163 · Cited by 183
Fairness and participation in evaluation procedures: Effects on task attitudes and performance
Kanfer, R., Sawyer, J. E., Earley, P. C., & Lind, E. A. (1987) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/bf01048018 · Cited by 142
Barclay, L. J., & Kiefer, T. (2012) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206312441833 · Cited by 155
“…individuals can consider distributive justice (i.e., the fairness of outcomes, such as pay; Adams, 1965), procedural justice (i.e., the fairness of the procedures used to derive outcomes; Leventhal, 1980), and interactional justice (i.e., the fairness of interpersonal treatment; Bies & Moag, 1986).”
BackgroundFortin, M. (2008) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2008.00231.x · Cited by 149
Willison, R., Warkentin, M. E., & Johnston, A. C. (2016) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12129 · Cited by 143
Desktop Videoconferencing: Experiences of Complete Users, Wary Users, and Non-Users1
Webster, J. (1998) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249666 · Cited by 140
Poon, J. M. L. (2012) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00910.x · Cited by 144
Keys to motivating tomorrow's workforce
Latham, G. P., & Ernst, C. T. (2006) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.014 · Cited by 147
“Leventhal (1980) opined: “What shall we do with equity theory?””
BackgroundApplicant reactions to face-to-face and technology-mediated interviews: A field investigation.
Chapman, D. S., Uggerslev, K. L., & Webster, J. (2003) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.944 · Cited by 152
el Akremi, A., Vandenberghe, C., & Camerman, J. (2010) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726710364163 · Cited by 146
“Procedural justice refers to the extent to which the employee judges the procedures that led to those outcomes to be fair (Leventhal, 1980; Thibaut and Walker, 1975).”
BackgroundMinds, hearts and deeds: Cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to change
Smollan, R. K. (2006) · Journal of Change Management · doi:10.1080/14697010600725400 · Cited by 145
“Leventhal (1980) and Tyler and Lind (1992) noted trust to be a significant factor in the formation of employee perceptions of procedural justice and that this impacts directly on their choice of behaviour.”
BackgroundMikula, G., & Wenzel, M. (2000) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/002075900399420 · Cited by 142
Organizational Justice and Behavioral Ethics: Promises and Prospects
Cropanzano, R., & Stein, J. H. (2009) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.5840/beq200919211 · Cited by 154
“Leventhal (1976; 1980) expanded these ideas.”
Cremer, D. D., & Blader, S. L. (2005) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.290 · Cited by 136
Hosmer, L., & Kiewitz, C. (2005) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.5840/beq20051513 · Cited by 143
“Leventhal (1980) later extended this expression and participation concept of procedural justice into a more exact form by proposing six specific requirements: a) The procedures had to be consistent, with no variations allowed between persons or across times within the organization. b) The…”
BackgroundPunishment, Justice, and Compliance in Mandatory IT Settings
Xue, Y., Liang, H., & Wu, L. (2010) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1090.0266 · Cited by 141
A concept analysis of psychological safety: Further understanding for application to health care
Fujiyoshi-Ito, A., Sato, K., Yumoto, Y., Sasaki, M., & Ogata, Y. (2021) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1086 · Cited by 175
Procedural justice and public involvement in natural resource decision making
Lawrence, R. L., Daniels, S. E., & Stankey, G. H. (1997) · Society & Natural Resources · doi:10.1080/08941929709381054 · Cited by 139
Behavioral Effects of Nonfinancial Performance Measures: The Role of Procedural Fairness
Lau, C. M., & Moser, A. (2008) · Behavioral Research in Accounting · doi:10.2308/bria.2008.20.2.55 · Cited by 138
Talent Management and Employee Retention: An Integrative Research Framework
Narayanan, A., Rajithakumar, S., & Menon, M. (2018) · Human Resource Development Review · doi:10.1177/1534484318812159 · Cited by 207
Rewarding Leadership and Fair Procedures as Determinants of Self-Esteem.
Cremer, D. D., van Knippenberg, B., van Knippenberg, D., Mullenders, D., & Stinglhamber, F. (2005) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.3 · Cited by 140
“This scale contains seven items, which more or less contain the procedural fairness rules that are proposed by Leventhal (1980).”
Commuting by car or public transportation? A social dilemma analysis of travel mode judgements
van Vugt, M., Lange, P. A. M. V., & Meertens, R. M. (1996) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199605)26:3 · Cited by 180
Examining Applicant Reactions to the Use of Social Networking Websites in Pre-Employment Screening
Stoughton, J. W., Thompson, L. F., & Meade, A. W. (2013) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9333-6 · Cited by 158
“According to Leventhal (1980), fairness of the process is determined by an organization’s adherence to procedures that are consistent with the moral and ethical values of individuals.”
BackgroundToward an Ethics of Organizations
Phillips, R. A., & Margolis, J. D. (1999) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3857939 · Cited by 137
“Social psychologists distinguish between equality, whereby each individual gets an equal amount, and equity, whereby each individual is rewarded based on relative contribution or some other (not necessarily equal) criterion (Deutsch 1975, 1985; Leventhal 1976, 1980; Leventhal et al. 1980).”
BackgroundPublic Participation and Institutional Fit: A Social–Psychological Perspective
DeCaro, D. A., & Stokes, M. K. (2013) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-05837-180440 · Cited by 150
Employee development:an organizational justice perspective
McDowall, A., & Fletcher, C. (2004) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/00483480410510606 · Cited by 140
Cybervetting, Online Information, and Personnel Selection
Berkelaar, B. L. (2014) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318914541966 · Cited by 149
“Fair processes exhibit consistency across persons and over time; bias-suppression; correctability; accurate information use; representativeness of parties; and alignment with ethical codes and social norms (Leventhal, 1980).”
BackgroundLi, H., Sarathy, R., Zhang, J., & Luo, X. R. (2014) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12037 · Cited by 135
“In a general setting, Leventhal (1980) identi fi ed six criteria for a procedure to be perceived as fair, including consistency, bias suppression, accuracy of information in decision-making, correctability, representativeness and ethicality (i.e. conformity to personal ethical or moral values).”
Background`I'm Out of the Loop': Ostracism Through Information Exclusion
Jones, E. E., Carter‐Sowell, A. R., Kelly, J. R., & Williams, K. D. (2009) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430208101054 · Cited by 139
Procedural justice and status: Status salience as antecedent of procedural fairness effects.
van Prooijen, J., van den Bos, K., & Wilke, H. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1353 · Cited by 136
“That is, in Experiment 2 we manipulated procedural accuracy (Leventhal, 1980): The authority either did or did not take all relevant information into account to come to a decision.”
MethodAssociation as a Psychological Justification for Ownership
Beggan, J. K., & Brown, E. M. (1994) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1994.9712741 · Cited by 133
Houshmand, M., O’Reilly, J., Robinson, S. L., & Wolff, A. C. (2012) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726712445100 · Cited by 131
“This line of reasoning is supported by those who have found consistency to be a key criterion of justice (Leventhal, 1980; Rupp et al., 2007).”
BackgroundThinking Aloud about Trust: A Protocol Analysis of Trust in Risk Management
Earle, T. C. (2004) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00420.x · Cited by 133
“He said that “it is likely that individuals assign higher weight to procedural rules that favor their own interests” (Leventhal, 1980, p. 46).”
BackgroundWu, L., Sun, Z., Ye, Y., Kwan, H. K., & Yang, M. (2021) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102954 · Cited by 143
David De Cremer, A. (2003) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.162 · Cited by 131
“Of course, using such manipulation may still leave us to wonder whether participants actually perceived such inconsistency as a deviation from an expected evaluative standard (see Leventhal, 1980). Therefore, in Study 3, consistency will be manipulated by making use of the Van den Bos et al. (1996) manipulation.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLeader-Member Exchange, Perceived Organizational Justice, and Cooperative Communication
Lee, J. (2001) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318901144002 · Cited by 133
“The appearance of fairness may be as important as actual fairness (e.g., Greenberg, 1990; Leventhal, 1980).”
BackgroundInfluentialCommunity Perceptions of Police Body-Worn Cameras
Crow, M. S., Snyder, J. A., Crichlow, V. J., & Smykla, J. O. (2017) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854816688037 · Cited by 158
“It was initially developed as a way of explaining citizens’ reactions to court decisions (Leventhal, 1980).”
BackgroundJones, D. A., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2005) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.2.363 · Cited by 132
Henle, C. A., Kohut, G. F., & Booth, R. (2009) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.005 · Cited by 133
“We address this disparity and expand upon the descriptive literature by drawing on procedural justice theory (Leventhal, 1980; Lind & Tyler, 1988; Thibaut & Walker, 1975) to identify the specific policy components that should be most influential on employees’ perceptions of policy fairness and thus,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialScott, B. A., & Colquitt, J. A. (2007) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601106286877 · Cited by 131
“The second dimension, procedural justice, concerns the fairness of decision-making processes (Leventhal, 1980; Thibaut & Walker, 1975).”
BackgroundChen, Y., Friedman, R., Yu, E., & Sun, F. (2009) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-009-9176-x · Cited by 138
Impact of organisational justice in an expatriate work environment
Fernandes, C. (2006) · Management Research News · doi:10.1108/01409170610716016 · Cited by 130
Justice served: Mitigating damaged trust stemming from supply chain disruptions
Wang, Q., Craighead, C. W., & Li, J. (2014) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2014.07.001 · Cited by 133
Inoue, A., Kawakami, N., Shimomitsu, T., Tsutsumi, A., Haratani, T., Yoshikawa, T., Shimazu, A., & Odagiri, Y. (2014) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2013-0185 · Cited by 139
Tyler, T. R. (1987) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/bf01049383 · Cited by 127
Beijersbergen, K. A., Dirkzwager, A., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2015) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854815609643 · Cited by 144
“This notion is central to procedural justice theories, which argue that people will be more likely to comply with the law when they feel treated in a procedurally just manner by actors who enforce the law (e.g., Leventhal, 1980; Lind & Tyler, 1988; Thibaut & walker, 1975; Tyler, 1990).”
BackgroundResultPerceived procedural justice and employee responses to an organizational merger
Lipponen, J., Olkkonen, M., & Moilanen, M. (2004) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/13594320444000146 · Cited by 129
“Still, the literature does give some interesting suggestions about the importance of the fairness of the merger implementation process (Citera &Rentsch, 1993; Lind, 2001; Novelli, Kirkman, & Shapiro, 1995). For example, Lind (2001) suggested in his fairness heuristics theory that procedural justice perceptions are esp…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J., & MacGregor, J. N. (2013) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1634-1 · Cited by 127
“cess’’ criteria, including lack of bias, consistency and accuracy (Leventhal 1980).”
BackgroundSchroth, H. A., & Shah, P. P. (2000) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.462 · Cited by 129
Pan, X., Chen, M., Hao, Z., & Bi, W. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02315 · Cited by 139
“Procedural justice refers to “the individual’s perception of fairness of procedural elements within a social system regulates allocation of resources” (Leventhal, 1980).”
BackgroundScott, B. A., Garza, A. S., Conlon, D. E., & Kim, Y. J. (2014) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2012.0644 · Cited by 136
Too Busy to Be Fair? The Effect of Workload and Rewards on Managers’ Justice Rule Adherence
Sherf, E. N., Venkataramani, V., & Gajendran, R. S. (2018) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2016.1061 · Cited by 140
Organizational justice and managerial commitment in corporate mergers
Klendauer, R., & Deller, J. (2009) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/02683940910922528 · Cited by 125
Kravitz, D. A. (1995) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01833.x · Cited by 125
How School can Teach Civic Engagement Besides Civic Education: The Role of Democratic School Climate
Lenzi, M., Vieno, A., Sharkey, J. D., Mayworm, A. M., Scacchi, L., Pastore, M., & Santinello, M. (2014) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-014-9669-8 · Cited by 144
Metadata
- Authors
- Leventhal, G. S.
- Affiliations
- Wayne State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leventhal, Gerald S.
- ORCID
- Leventhal, Gerald S.
- Venue
- Social Exchange
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 1980
- Pages
- 27-55
- OpenAlex
- W1526225581
- Cited by
- 3,010
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 130 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 157 · 2020: 153 · 2019: 124 · 2018: 137 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 124 · 2015: 114 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 93 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 16.34
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- equity theory, reward allocation, resource allocation, social systems, organizational justice, punishment
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