The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Grieves and Vickers [35] have identified two subtypes of DT, namely: Digital Twin Prototype (DTP) and Digital Twin Instance (DTI).”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“predictive maintenance [35]”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The authors of [35] proposed the term”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“After the completion of a physical system, data obtained from the physical spaces is sent to the virtual space and reciprocally, used to oversee and anticipate the system's performance [35].”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“A Digital Twin consists of three primary components: the physical system, the virtual system, and the service system, along with Digital Twin Data that continuously connect these elements [4,100].”
From Analysis of Digital Twin Applications in Energy Efficiency: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that Grieves' definition of Digital Twin [6] does not apply to systems that show an Evolutionary Emergence, i.e., systems that exhibit a deliberate capability to learn and modify their behavior in order to adapt to changing conditions.”
From Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“If a user cannot distinguish a virtual product from a physical one, under appropriate simulation conditions, then a virtual representation of the physical object could be considered a Digital Twin [6].”
From Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
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Cited by
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Correct-by-Construction Evolution of Digital Twins for Real-Time Autonomous Systems
Brodo, L., Scalora, G., & Henkler, S. (2026) · doi:10.1145/3843777.3844533
Ma, Y., Chen, J., Xie, Z., Chen, T., Xu, J., & Cong, Q. (2026) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse14201883
Digital Twin in Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Review
Zhou, Y., Hu, D., & Huang, C. (2026) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92372-2_51
Yang, J., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Xia, H., Jiang, Y., Zhu, J., & Chen, Q. (2026) · SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition · doi:10.2118/234442-ms
Sabri, M. H., & Hafeez, M. (2026) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.113521
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Rivera, B., Zehra, F., Zaman, U. K. U., et al. (2026) · Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1520/ssms20250034
Prabha.P, A., Joshika, S., Nandhini, B., et al. (2026) · doi:10.1109/icsseecc69062.2026.11722197
The development of VR fieldtrips for geoscience curricula
Loriga, I., de Oliveira, L. M. C., Kenna, T., et al. (2026) · Journal of Geography in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03098265.2026.2742886
Digital Earth Twins as Green AI Infrastructures for Sustainable and Intelligent Societies
Kumar, G., Sharma, S., Kumar, R., & Pandey, A. K. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-7549-6.ch009
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A General Physics-Guided Data-Driven Methodology for Digital Twins of Alkaline Water Electrolyzers
Yu, D., Godoy, V. O., & Blaabjerg, F. (2026) · doi:10.1109/zpec70170.2026.11722994
Llabres-Valls, E. (2026) · Urban Planning · doi:10.17645/up.12513
Data-driven lifecycle governance for intelligent public lighting: a multi-city deployment study
Gambacorta, S. (2026) · Digital Transformation and Society · doi:10.1108/dts-04-2026-0170
Minh, T. B., Nguyen, K. H. V., Phu, D. X., Hùng, N. D., Nguyen, N. P., & Huynh, T. M. (2026) · International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD) · doi:10.1109/gtsd70918.2026.11722488
Das, N., & Andrew, K. (2026) · Discover Informatics · doi:10.1007/s44564-026-00029-8 · Cited by 1
Budgeted Twin Synchronization over V2X Uplinks for Electric Vehicle Routing
Kaddour, A., & Sayad, L. (2026) · Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology · doi:10.26636/jtit.2026.4.2820
Samaei, S. R., Ghahfarokhi, M. A., Bavanpouri, N., et al. (2026) · Net Zero · doi:10.66967/netzero.2026.v2i105
A Review on the Integration of Digital Twin and PHM for Construction Machinery
葛, 韩. (2026) · Mechanical Engineering and Technology · doi:10.12677/met.2026.155053
de Sousa, J. S., SILVA, L. A. D., Aguiar, G. J. M. D., Narcizo, R. B., Delesposte, J. E., Silva, G. V., Meza, E. B. M., Colombo, D., Tammela, I., Cardoso, R., et al. (2026) · Applied System Innovation · doi:10.3390/asi9100215
A Review on Human Digital Twins for Manual Operations in Manufacturing and Logistics
Bein, T., Binder, C., Hoffmann, D., et al. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) · doi:10.1109/etfa68377.2026.11724719
Digital twin technologies for automated vehicles
Perumal, H., Mayakrishnan, M., Sukkasamy, S., Sahayaraj, A. F., & Ramakrishnan, S. K. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-43962-9.00006-1
Development of a Model-based Digital Test Platform for Aerospace Propulsion Support Systems
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A Digital Twin-Enabled Secure and Energy-Efficient Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks
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Technological Advancements and Trends in Cyber-physical Systems for Healthcare: A Systematic Review
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Supportability-Driven Engineering BOM Structuring for S1000D-Based Aircraft Technical Publications
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Digital Twin Based Artificial Intelligence Framework for Real-Time Cardiac Prediction and Monitoring
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Human Digital Twins as Strategic Leadership Resources – A Dynamic Managerial Capabilities FrameworkPreprint
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Digital-Twin-Assisted Strawberry Harvesting Robot with Aruco-Based Pose Compensation
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ACDT: A Distributed Agentic Cognitive Digital Twin Architecture
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CookTwin: A Multimodal and Adaptive AI-Assisted Interactive System for Remote Robot-Driven Cooking
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He, J., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Cao, S., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse14211983
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A remote sensing-enhanced Digital Twin framework for multi-scale infrastructure monitoring
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grieves, M., & Vickers, J.
- Affiliations
- Florida Institute of Technology (US)
- Marshall Space Flight Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grieves, Michael
- Venue
- Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2016-08-17
- Pages
- 85-113
- OpenAlex
- W2518003110
- Semantic Scholar
- 157d07292ffadb2c17d100f5b0471b356868ab3e
- Cited by
- 3,727
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 697 · 2025: 743 · 2024: 619 · 2023: 580 · 2022: 431 · 2021: 296 · 2020: 187 · 2019: 113 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 138.63
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Complex Systems and Decision Making
- Keywords
- digital twin, emergent behavior, complex systems, product life cycle, systems engineering, normal accidents, human interaction, front-running, NASA
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