The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems
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In the citing paper
“Grieves and Vickers [35] have identified two subtypes of DT, namely: Digital Twin Prototype (DTP) and Digital Twin Instance (DTI).”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“predictive maintenance [35]”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The authors of [35] proposed the term”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“After the completion of a physical system, data obtained from the physical spaces is sent to the virtual space and reciprocally, used to oversee and anticipate the system's performance [35].”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“A Digital Twin consists of three primary components: the physical system, the virtual system, and the service system, along with Digital Twin Data that continuously connect these elements [4,100].”
From Analysis of Digital Twin Applications in Energy Efficiency: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that Grieves' definition of Digital Twin [6] does not apply to systems that show an Evolutionary Emergence, i.e., systems that exhibit a deliberate capability to learn and modify their behavior in order to adapt to changing conditions.”
From Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“If a user cannot distinguish a virtual product from a physical one, under appropriate simulation conditions, then a virtual representation of the physical object could be considered a Digital Twin [6].”
From Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grieves, M., & Vickers, J.
- Affiliations
- Florida Institute of Technology (US)
- Marshall Space Flight Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grieves, Michael
- Venue
- Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2016-08-17
- Pages
- 85-113
- OpenAlex
- W2518003110
- Semantic Scholar
- 157d07292ffadb2c17d100f5b0471b356868ab3e
- Cited by
- 3,727
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 697 · 2025: 743 · 2024: 619 · 2023: 580 · 2022: 431 · 2021: 296 · 2020: 187 · 2019: 113 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 138.63
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Complex Systems and Decision Making
- Keywords
- digital twin, emergent behavior, complex systems, product life cycle, systems engineering, normal accidents, human interaction, front-running, NASA
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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