Role of Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Demyelination, Remyelination and Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during development and throughout adulthood. They result from a complex and well controlled process of activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from the germinative niches of the CNS. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the complex pathological process produces dysfunction and apoptosis of OLs leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review attempts to describe the patterns of demyelination in MS, the steps involved in oligodendrogenesis and myelination in healthy CNS, the different pathways leading to OLs and myelin loss in MS, as well as principles involved in restoration of myelin sheaths. Environmental factors and their impact on OLs and pathological mechanisms of MS are also discussed. Finally, we will present evidence about the potential therapeutic targets in re-myelination processes that can be accessed in order to develop regenerative therapies for MS.
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In MS, impaired generation of oligodendrocytes from OPCs leads to persistent demyelination, myelin debris accumulation, and axonal damage, which clinically manifests as neurological disability.
“In MS, impaired generation of OLs from OPCs leads to persistent demyelination, myelin debris accumulation, and axonal damage which clinically manifests as neurological disability [11].”
From TREM2 activation on microglia promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Dulamea, A. O.
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 958
- Pages
- 91-127
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- OpenAlex
- W2574235836
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 37.13
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Keywords
- oligodendrocytes, multiple sclerosis, demyelination, remyelination, neurodegeneration, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, oligodendrogenesis, myelination, oligodendrocyte apoptosis, environmental factors, regenerative therapy, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Demyelinating Diseases, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Sheath, Nerve Degeneration, Nerve Regeneration, Oligodendroglia, Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells
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