Glycine transport inhibitors in the treatment of schizophrenia
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder without adequate current treatment. Recent theories of schizophrenia focus on disturbances of glutamatergic neurotransmission particularly at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. NMDA receptors are regulated in vivo by the amino acids glycine and D-serine. Glycine levels, in turn, are regulated by glycine type I (GlyT1) transporters, which serve to maintain low subsaturating glycine levels in the vicinity of the NMDA receptor. A proposed approach to treatment of schizophrenia, therefore, is inhibition of GlyT1-mediated transport. Over the past decade, several well tolerated, high affinity GlyT1 inhibitors have been developed and shown to potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission in animal models relevant to schizophrenia. In addition, clinical trials have been conducted with sarcosine (N-methylglycine), a naturally occurring GlyT1 inhibitor, and with the high affinity compound RG1678. Although definitive trials remain ongoing, encouraging results to date have been reported.
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Trials of drugs aimed at glutamatergic, immune, or antioxidant targets have yielded mixed findings, some encouraging and others inconclusive.
“To date, clinical trials using molecules targeting either the glutamatergic system (mGluR5, mGluR2/3, glycine site of NMDARs) (Javitt, 2012; Kantrowitz and Javitt, 2012; Poels et al., 2014; Vinson and Conn, 2012), the immune (Leza et al., 2014; Muller et al., 2013), or antioxidant systems (Leza et al., 2014; Reddy and Reddy, 2011) have produced mixed results, some encouraging and others inconclusi”
From Redox dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and NMDA receptor hypofunction: A “central hub” in schizophrenia pathophysiology? (2016) · cites this paper as Javitt, 2012
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Steullet, P., Cabungcal, J. H., Monin, A., Dwir, D., O'Donnell, P., Cuenod, M., & Do, K. Q. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.021 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Pharmacological Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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- Authors
- Javitt, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Javitt, Daniel C.
- ORCID
- Javitt, Daniel C.
- Venue
- Handbook of experimental pharmacology
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Published
- 2012
- Issue
- 213
- Pages
- 367-399
- ISSN
- 0171-2004 (ISSN-L)
- 1865-0325
- OpenAlex
- W161931321
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 197
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 28.09
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Handbook of experimental pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- National Institute of Mental Health (R37MH049334, P50MH086385, U01MH074356)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA03383, R01DA003383)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, glycine transporter 1, NMDA receptor, glutamatergic neurotransmission, sarcosine, D-serine, glycine, NMDA receptor potentiation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Glycine, Humans, Piperazines, Schizophrenia, Sulfones, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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