Oxygen-derived free radicals and myocardial reperfusion injury: An overview

Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals in Postischemic Tissue Injury

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Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease

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The stunned myocardium: prolonged, postischemic ventricular dysfunction.

Braunwald, E., & Kloner, R. A. (1982) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.66.6.1146 · Cited by 2,813

Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. I. general aspects.

Davies, K. J. (1987) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48018-0 · Cited by 1,634

Direct measurement of free radical generation following reperfusion of ischemic myocardium.

Zweier, J. L., Flaherty, J. T., & Weisfeldt, M. L. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.5.1404 · Cited by 1,194

Regional myocardial functional and electrophysiological alterations after brief coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs.

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Canine myocardial reperfusion injury. Its reduction by the combined administration of superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Jolly, S. R., Kane, W. J., Bailie, M. B., Abrams, G. D., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1984) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.54.3.277 · Cited by 900

Role of intracellular Na+ in Ca2+ overload and depressed recovery of ventricular function of reperfused ischemic rat hearts. Possible involvement of H+-Na+ and Na+-Ca2+ exchange.

Tani, M., & Neely, J. R. (1989) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.65.4.1045 · Cited by 765

Demonstration of free radical generation in "stunned" myocardium of intact dogs with the use of the spin trap alpha-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone.

Bolli, R., Patel, B. S., Jeroudi, M. O., Lai, E. K., & McCay, P. B. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113621 · Cited by 687

Xanthine oxidase as a source of free radical damage in myocardial ischemia

CHAMBERS, D., PARKS, D., PATTERSON, G., ROY, R., MCCORD, J., YOSHIDA, S., PARMLEY, L., & DOWNEY, J. (1985) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(85)80017-1 · Cited by 672

Measurement of superoxide-derived free radicals in the reperfused heart. Evidence for a free radical mechanism of reperfusion injury.

Zweier, J. L. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)57309-4 · Cited by 634

Direct detection of free radicals in the reperfused rat heart using electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

Garlick, P. B., Davies, M. J., Hearse, D. J., & Slater, T. F. (1987) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.61.5.757 · Cited by 626

The sodium/hydrogen exchange system in cardiac cells: Its biochemical and pharmacological properties and its role in regulating internal concentrations of sodium and internal pH

LAZDUNSKI, M., FRELIN, C., & VIGNE, P. (1985) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(85)80119-x · Cited by 595

Marked reduction of free radical generation and contractile dysfunction by antioxidant therapy begun at the time of reperfusion. Evidence that myocardial "stunning" is a manifestation of reperfusion injury.

Bolli, R., Jeroudi, M. O., Patel, B. S., Aruoma, O. I., Halliwell, B., Lai, E. K., & McCay, P. B. (1989) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.65.3.607 · Cited by 579

Reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: Mechanisms and prevention

MANNING, A., & HEARSE, D. (1984) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(84)80638-0 · Cited by 570

Reperfusion injury and its pharmacologic modification.

Opie, L. H. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.80.4.1049 · Cited by 504

Elevation in cytosolic free calcium concentration early in myocardial ischemia in perfused rat heart.

Steenbergen, C., Murphy, E., Levy, L., & London, R. E. (1987) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.60.5.700 · Cited by 499

The oxygen paradox and the calcium paradox: Two facets of the same problem?

HEARSE, D., HUMPHREY, S., & BULLOCK, G. (1978) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(78)80004-2 · Cited by 491

Direct evidence that oxygen-derived free radicals contribute to postischemic myocardial dysfunction in the intact dog.

Bolli, R., Jeroudi, M. O., Patel, B. S., DuBose, C. M., Lai, E. K., Roberts, R., & McCay, P. B. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4695 · Cited by 470

Reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and oxygen-derived free radicals. Studies with "anti-free radical" interventions and a free radical-generating system in the isolated perfused rat heart.

Bernier, M., Hearse, D. J., & Manning, A. S. (1986) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.58.3.331 · Cited by 392

Studies of experimental coronary artery reperfusion. Effects on infarct size, myocardial function, biochemistry, ultrastructure and microvascular damage.

Kloner, R. A., Sg, E., Lange, R., & D, E. B. M. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 362

Superoxide dismutase plus catalase improve contractile function in the canine model of the "stunned myocardium".

Przyklenk, K., & Kloner, R. A. (1986) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.58.1.148 · Cited by 348

Superoxide dismutase plus catalase enhances the efficacy of hypothermic cardioplegia to protect the globally ischemic, reperfused heart

Shlafer, M., Kane, P. F., & Kirsh, M. M. (1982) · The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(19)37178-8 · Cited by 345

Reduction in experimental infarct size by recombinant human superoxide dismutase: insights into the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury.

Ambrosio, G., Becker, L. C., Hutchins, G. M., Weisman, H. F., & Weisfeldt, M. L. (1986) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.74.6.1424 · Cited by 344

Time course of functional and biochemical recovery of myocardium salvaged by reperfusion

Ellis, S. G., Henschke, C. I., Sandor, T., Wynne, J., Braunwald, E., & Kloner, R. A. (1983) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(83)80107-7 · Cited by 327

Significance of xanthine oxidase in capillary endothelial cells.

Ed, J., Bruder, G., & Heid, H. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 325

Enhancement of recovery of myocardial function by oxygen free-radical scavengers after reversible regional ischemia.

Myers, M. L., Bolli, R., Lekich, R. F., Hartley, C. J., & Roberts, R. (1985) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.72.4.915 · Cited by 323

Prevention of granulocyte-mediated oxidant lung injury in rats by a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea.

Fox, R. B. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111558 · Cited by 322

Oxygen- and carbon-centered free radical formation during carbon tetrachloride metabolism. Observation of lipid radicals in vivo and in vitro.

McCay, P. B., Lai, E. K., Poyer, J. L., DuBose, C. M., & Janzen, E. G. (1984) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43327-8 · Cited by 317

Factors involved in salvaging ischemic myocardium: effect of reperfusion of arterial blood.

Jennings, R. B., & Reimer, K. A. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 312

Depression of regional blood flow and wall thickening after brief coronary occlusions

Heyndrickx, G. R., Baig, H., Nellens, P., Leusen, I., Fishbein, M. C., & Vatner, S. F. (1978) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1978.234.6.h653 · Cited by 305

Myocardial alterations due to free-radical generation

Burton, K. P., McCord, J. M., & Ghai, G. (1984) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1984.246.6.h776 · Cited by 304

Free radicals and myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Simpson, P. J., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 302

Reversal of dysfunction in postischemic stunned myocardium by epinephrine and postextrasystolic potentiation

Becker, L. C., Levine, J. H., DiPaula, A. F., Guarnieri, T., & Aversano, T. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80468-5 · Cited by 277

Ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in the rat. Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol.

Manning, A. S., Coltart, D. J., & Hearse, D. J. (1984) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.55.4.545 · Cited by 262

Sustained regional dysfunction produced by prolonged coronary stenosis: gradual recovery after reperfusion.

Matsuzaki, M., Gallagher, K. P., Kemper, W. S., White, F., & Ross, J. (1983) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.68.1.170 · Cited by 259

Redox modification of sodium-calcium exchange activity in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.

Reeves, J. P., Bailey, C. A., & Hale, C. C. (1986) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)89197-4 · Cited by 242

Evidence for a reversible oxygen radical-mediated component of reperfusion injury: reduction by recombinant human superoxide dismutase administered at the time of reflow.

Ambrosio, G., Weisfeldt, M. L., Jacobus, W. E., & Flaherty, J. T. (1987) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.75.1.282 · Cited by 238

Effect of some free radical scavengers on reperfusion induced arrhythmias in the isolated rat heart

WOODWARD, B., & ZAKARIA, M. (1985) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(85)80053-5 · Cited by 235

The oxygen free radical system: A fundamental mechanism in the production of myocardial necrosis

Thompson, J. A., & Hess, M. L. (1986) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/0033-0620(86)90027-7 · Cited by 235

The independent effects of oxygen radical scavengers on canine infarct size. Reduction by superoxide dismutase but not catalase.

Werns, S. W., Shea, M. J., Driscoll, E. M., Cohen, C., Abrams, G. D., Pitt, B., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1985) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.56.6.895 · Cited by 231

Granulocytes cause reperfusion ventricular dysfunction after 15-minute ischemia in the dog.

Engler, R., & Covell, J. W. (1987) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.61.1.20 · Cited by 227

Intracellular free calcium concentration measured with 19F NMR spectroscopy in intact ferret hearts.

Marban, E., Kitakaze, M., Kusuoka, H., Porterfield, J. K., Yue, D. T., & Chacko, V. P. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.16.6005 · Cited by 224

Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical mediation of activated leukocyte depression of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Participation of the cyclooxygenase pathway.

Rowe, G. T., Manson, N. H., Caplan, M., & Hess, M. L. (1983) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.53.5.584 · Cited by 222

Time course and determinants of recovery of function after reversible ischemia in conscious dogs

Bolli, R., Zhu, W. X., Thornby, J. I., O'Neill, P. G., & Roberts, R. (1988) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1988.254.1.h102 · Cited by 222

"Reperfusion injury" by oxygen-derived free radicals? Effect of superoxide dismutase plus catalase, given at the time of reperfusion, on myocardial infarct size, contractile function, coronary microvasculature, and regional myocardial blood flow.

Przyklenk, K., & Kloner, R. A. (1989) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.64.1.86 · Cited by 210

Myocardial consequences of reperfusion

Becker, L. C., & Ambrosio, G. (1987) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/0033-0620(87)90009-0 · Cited by 208

Inhibition of surgically induced ischemia/reperfusion injury by oxygen free radical scavengers

Stewart, J. R., Blackwell, W. H., Crute, S. L., Loughlin, V., Greenfield, L. J., & Hess, M. L. (1983) · The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(19)39185-8 · Cited by 208

Beneficial actions of superoxide dismutase and catalase in stunned myocardium of dogs

Gross, G. J., Farber, N. E., Hardman, H. F., & Warltier, D. C. (1986) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.3.h372 · Cited by 206

Alterations in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport in the postischemic "stunned" myocardium.

Krause, S. M., Jacobus, W. E., & Becker, L. C. (1989) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.65.2.526 · Cited by 204

Excitation-contraction coupling in postischemic myocardium. Does failure of activator Ca2+ transients underlie stunning?

Kusuoka, H., Koretsune, Y., Chacko, V. P., Weisfeldt, M. L., & Marban, E. (1990) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.66.5.1268 · Cited by 200

Free radical-producing enzyme, xanthine oxidase, is undetectable in human hearts

Eddy, L. J., Stewart, J. R., Jones, H. P., Engerson, T. D., McCord, J. M., & Downey, J. M. (1987) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1987.253.3.h709 · Cited by 200

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion: direct evidence for free radical generation by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

Baker, J. E., Felix, C. C., Olinger, G. N., & Kalyanaraman, B. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.8.2786 · Cited by 198

Failure of superoxide dismutase to limit size of myocardial infarction after 40 minutes of ischemia and 4 days of reperfusion in dogs.

Uraizee, A., Reimer, K. A., Murry, C. E., & Jennings, R. B. (1987) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.75.6.1237 · Cited by 197

Reduction of the size of infarction by allopurinol in the ischemic-reperfused canine heart.

Werns, S. W., Shea, M. J., Mitsos, S. E., Dysko, R. C., Fantone, J. C., Schork, M. A., Abrams, G. D., Pitt, B., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1986) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.73.3.518 · Cited by 190

Failure of superoxide dismutase and catalase to alter size of infarction in conscious dogs after 3 hours of occlusion followed by reperfusion.

Gallagher, K. P., Buda, A. J., Pace, D., Gerren, R. A., & Shlafer, M. (1986) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.73.5.1065 · Cited by 188

Coronary arterial reperfusion. III. Early and late effects on regional myocardial function and dimensions in conscious dogs

Theroux, P., Ross, J., Franklin, D., Kemper, W. S., & Sasayama, S. (1976) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(76)80009-4 · Cited by 185

Differential sensitivity of canine cardiac sarcolemmal and microsomal enzymes to inhibition by free radical-induced lipid peroxidation.

Kramer, J. H., Mak, I. T., & Weglicki, W. B. (1984) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.55.1.120 · Cited by 181

Failure of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol to limit infarct size after ischemia and reperfusion in dogs.

Reimer, K. A., & Jennings, R. B. (1985) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.71.5.1069 · Cited by 180

Attenuation of dysfunction in the postischemic 'stunned' myocardium by dimethylthiourea.

Bolli, R., Zhu, W. X., Hartley, C. J., Michael, L. H., Repine, J. E., Hess, M. L., Kukreja, R. C., & Roberts, R. (1987) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.76.2.458 · Cited by 167

Possible role for cytotoxic oxygen metabolites in the pathogenesis of cardiac ischemic injury.

Shlafer, M., Kane, P. F., Vy, W., & Mm, K. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 159

Effect of verapamil on postischemic “stunned” myocardium: Importance of the timing of treatment

Przyklenk, K., & Kloner, R. A. (1988) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(88)91540-9 · Cited by 154

Conjugated dienes in ischemic and reperfused myocardium: an in vivo chemical signature of oxygen free radical mediated injury

Romaschin, A. D., Rebeyka, I. M., WILSON, G., & Mickle, D. A. G. (1987) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(87)80596-5 · Cited by 147

Effects of exogenous free radicals on electromechanical function and metabolism in isolated rabbit and guinea pig ventricle. Implications for ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Goldhaber, J. I., Ji, S., Lamp, S. T., & Weiss, J. N. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114085 · Cited by 142

Effects of supplementing hypothermic crystalloid cardioplegic solution with catalase, superoxide dismutase, allopurinol, or deferoxamine on functional recovery of globally ischemic and reperfused isolated hearts

Myers, C. L., Weiss, S. J., Kirsh, M. M., Shepard, B. M., & Shlafer, M. (1986) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(19)36093-3 · Cited by 139

Prolonged abnormalities of left ventricular diastolic wall thinning in the “stunned” myocardium in conscious dogs: Time course and relation to systolic function

Charlat, M., O’Neill, P. G., Hartley, C. J., et al. (1989) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(89)90569-x · Cited by 136

The iron chelator desferrioxamine attenuates postischemic ventricular dysfunction

Bolli, R., Patel, B. S., Zhu, W. X., O’Neill, P. G., Hartley, C. J., Charlat, M., & Roberts, R. (1987) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1987.253.6.h1372 · Cited by 135

The activity of xanthine oxidase in heart of pigs, guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, and humans

Muxfeldt, M., & Schaper, W. K. A. (1987) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/bf01907096 · Cited by 132

Postischemic Myocardial "Stunning": A Clinically Relevant Phenomenon

PATEL, B., KLONER, R. A., PRZYKLENK, K., & D, E. B. M. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-626 · Cited by 129

Superoxide dismutase reduces reperfusion arrhythmias but fails to salvage regional function or myocardium at risk in conscious dogs.

Nejima, J., Knight, D. R., Fallon, J. T., Uemura, N., Manders, W. T., Canfield, D. R., Cohen, M. V., & Vatner, S. F. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.79.1.143 · Cited by 128

Superoxide dismutase conjugated to polyethylene glycol provides sustained protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in canine heart.

Tamura, Y., Chi, L. G., Driscoll, E. M., Hoff, P. T., Freeman, B. Α., Gallagher, K. P., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1988) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.63.5.944 · Cited by 126

Early treatment with deferoxamine limits myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury

Reddy, B. R., Kloner, R. A., & Przyklenk, K. (1989) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(89)90099-3 · Cited by 125

Glutathione redox pathway and reperfusion injury. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on infarct size and ventricular function.

Forman, M. B., Puett, D. W., Cates, C. U., McCroskey, D. E., Beckman, J. K., Greene, H. L., & Virmani, R. (1988) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.78.1.202 · Cited by 112

Therapy to reduce free radicals during early reperfusion does not limit the size of myocardial infarcts caused by 90 minutes of ischemia in dogs.

Richard, V. J., Murry, C. E., Jennings, R. B., & Reimer, K. A. (1988) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.78.2.473 · Cited by 112

N-2-Mercaptopropionylglycine improves recovery of myocardial function after reversible regional ischemia

Myers, M. L., Bolli, R., Lekich, R. F., Hartley, C. J., & Roberts, R. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80396-5 · Cited by 112

Insulin-induced hyperpolarization in mammalian skeletal muscle

Iannaccone, S. T., Li, K. X., Sperelakis, N., & Lathrop, D. A. (1989) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.2.c368 · Cited by 111

Can superoxide dismutase alter myocardial infarct size?

Engler, R. L., & Gilpin, E. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.79.5.1137 · Cited by 101

Myocardial free-radical injury after cardioplegia.

Weisel, R. D., Mickle, D. A., Cd, F., Tumiati, L. C., Mm, M., Ivanov, J., Gw, B., & Ku, I. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 98

Canine Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

Mitsos, S. E., Jc, F., Gallagher, K. P., et al. (1986) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-198609000-00015 · Cited by 97

Evidence for a role of iron-catalyzed oxidants in functional and metabolic stunning in the canine heart.

Farber, N. E., Vercellotti, G. M., Jacob, H. S., Pieper, G. M., & Gross, G. J. (1988) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.63.2.351 · Cited by 96

Evidence for a pathogenetic role of xanthine oxidase in the "stunned" myocardium

Charlat, M. I., O’Neill, P. G., Egan, J., Abernethy, D. R., Michael, L. H., Myers, M. L., Roberts, R., & Bolli, R. (1987) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1987.252.3.h566 · Cited by 96

Nifedipine administered after reperfusion ablates systolic contractile dysfunction of postischemic “stunned” myocardium

Przyklenk, K., Ghafari, G., Eitzman, D. T., & Kloner, R. A. (1989) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(89)90281-7 · Cited by 93

Canine myocardial reperfusion injury: protection by a free radical scavenger, N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine.

Mitsos, S. E., Fantone, J. C., Gallagher, K. P., et al. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 93

Influence of exogenously generated oxidant species on myocardial function

Blaustein, A., Schine, L., Brooks, W. W., Fanburg, B. L., & Bing, O. H. L. (1986) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.4.h595 · Cited by 92

Influence of oxygen radicals generated by xanthine oxidase in the isolated perfused rat heart

Ytrehus, K., Myklebust, R., & MJOS, O. D. (1986) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/20.8.597 · Cited by 90

Superoxide dismutase and catalase reduce infarct size in a porcine myocardial occlusion-reperfusion model

Näslund, U., Häggmark, S., Johansson, G., MARKLUND, S., Reiz, S., & Öberg, A. (1986) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(86)80294-2 · Cited by 89

Improved Recovery of Myocardial Segment Function Following a Short Coronary Occlusion in Dogs by Nicorandil, a Potential New Antianginal Agent, and Nifedipine

Lamping, K. G., & Gross, G. J. (1985) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-198501000-00026 · Cited by 88

A comparative study of free radical scavengers in cardioplegic solutions

Menasché, P., Grousset, C., Gauduel, Y. A., & Piwnica, A. H. (1986) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(19)35907-0 · Cited by 82

Acute inhibition of respiratory capacity of muscle reduces peak oxygen consumption

McAllister, R. M., & Terjung, R. L. (1990) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.6.c889 · Cited by 80

Effect of superoxide dismutase on myocardial infarct size in the canine heart after 6 hours of regional ischemia and reperfusion: a demonstration of myocardial salvage.

Chi, L. G., Tamura, Y., Hoff, P. T., Macha, M., Gallagher, K. P., Schork, M. A., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1989) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.64.4.665 · Cited by 79

Sustained Limitation by Superoxide Dismutase of Canine Myocardial Injury Due to Regional Ischemia Followed by Reperfusion

Werns, S. W., Simpson, P. J., Mickelson, J. K., Shea, M. J., Pitt, B., & Lucchesi, B. R. (1988) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-198801000-00006 · Cited by 76

Use of Spin Traps in Intact Animals Undergoing Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion: A New Approach to Assessing the Role of Oxygen Radicals in Myocardial “Stunning”

Bolli, R., & McCay, P. B. (1990) · Free Radical Research Communications · doi:10.3109/10715769009145674 · Cited by 75

Oxypurinol limits myocardial stunning but does not reduce infarct size after reperfusion.

Puett, D. W., Forman, M. B., Cates, C. U., Wilson, B. H., Hande, K. R., Friesinger, G. C., & Virmani, R. (1987) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.76.3.678 · Cited by 73

Myocardial dysfunction and ultrastructural alterations mediated by oxygen metabolites

Miki, S., Ashraf, M., Salka, S., & Sperelakis, N. (1988) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0022-2828(88)90578-0 · Cited by 66

Reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: A study of the role of xanthine oxidase-derived free radicals in the rat heart

MANNING, A. S., BERNIER, M., Crome, R., LITTLE, S., & HEARSE, D. (1988) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(88)80177-9 · Cited by 61

Urate production by human heart

Huizer, T. (1989) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0022-2828(89)90610-x · Cited by 60

Absence of detectable xanthine oxidase in human myocardium

Grum, C. M. (1989) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0022-2828(89)90741-4 · Cited by 59

Neutrophil depletion does not prevent myocardial dysfunction after brief coronary occlusion

Jeremy, R., & Becker, L. C. (1989) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(89)90278-7 · Cited by 55

Evidence for a role of iron-catalyzed oxidants in functional and metabolic stunning in the canine heart.

EFarber, N., MVercellotti, G., SJacob, H., MPieper, G., & JGross, G. (1988) · Circulation Research · Cited by 54

Protection by superoxide dismutase and catalase in the isolated rat heart reperfused after prolonged cardioplegia: a combined study of metabolic, functional, and morphometric ultrastructural variables

Ytrehus, K., Gunnes, S., Myklebust, R., & MJOS, O. D. (1987) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/21.7.492 · Cited by 53

Effect of oxygen-derived free radical scavengers on infarct size following six hours of permanent coronary artery occlusion: salvage or delay of myocyte necrosis?

Przyklenk, K., & Kloner, R. A. (1987) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/bf01907062 · Cited by 48

Superoxide dismutase and the reduction of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: In vivo dose-response studies in the rat

Riva, E., MANNING, A. S., & Hearse, D. J. (1987) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf02125466 · Cited by 43

Limitation of myocardial infarct size by superoxide dismutase as an adjunct to reperfusion after different durations of coronary occlusion in the pig.

Näslund, U., Häggmark, S., Johansson, G., Marklund, S., & Reiz, S. (1990) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.66.5.1294 · Cited by 42

The xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol does not limit infarct size in a canine model of 40 minutes of ischemia with reperfusion

Kinsman, J. M., Murry, C. E., Richard, V. J., Jennings, R. B., & Reimer, K. A. (1988) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(88)90376-2 · Cited by 25

Limitation of infarct size for 24 hours by combined treatment with allopurinol plus verapamil during acute myocardial infarction in the dog.

Jg, K., Denniss, A. R., Dj, H., Downey, J. M., & Yellon, D. M. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 24

Protection afforded by allopurinol in the first 24 hours of coronary occlusion is diminished after 48 hours

Miura, T., Yellon, D. M., Kingma, J. G., & Downey, J. M. (1988) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(88)90007-x · Cited by 21

The Hemodynamic Effects of Dilevalol in Patients with Mild Hypertension

Bugni, W. J. (1988) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-198800000-00009 · Cited by 13

Free Radicals as Mediators of Tissue Injury and Disease

Kehrer, J. P. (1993) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.3109/10408449309104073 · Cited by 1,455

Postconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting events in the early minutes of reperfusion

Kin, H. (2004) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.01.006 · Cited by 561

Myocardial Protection at a Crossroads: The Need for Translation Into Clinical Therapy

Bolli, R., Becker, L., Gross, G., Mentzer, R., Balshaw, D., & Lathrop, D. A. (2004) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000137171.97172.d7 · Cited by 428

Ischemic preconditioning alters real-time measure of O2 radicals in intact hearts with ischemia and reperfusion

Kevin, L. G., Camara, A. K. S., Riess, M. L., Novalija, E., & Stowe, D. F. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00711.2002 · Cited by 272

Iron, Atherosclerosis, and Ischemic Heart Disease

de Valk, B., & Marx, J. J. M. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.14.1542 · Cited by 250